{ "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "records": [ { "title": "CD38 is critical for social behaviour by regulating oxytocin secretion", "journal": "Nature", "year": 2007, "authors": "Duo Jin; Hong-Xiang Liu; Hirokazu Hirai; Takashi Torashima; Taku Nagai; Olga Lopatina; Natalia A. Shnayder; Kiyofumi Yamada; Mami Noda; Toshihiro Seike; Kyota Fujita; Shin Takasawa; Shigeru Yokoyama; Keita Koizumi; Yoshitake Shiraishi; Shigenori Tanaka; Minako Hashii; Toru Yoshihara; Kazuhiro Higashida; Mohammad Saharul Islam; Nobuaki Yamada; Kenshi Hayashi; Naoya Noguchi; Ichiro Kato; Hiroshi Okamoto; Akihiro Matsushima; Alla Salmina; Toshio Munesue; Nobuaki Shimizu; Sumiko Mochida; Masahide Asano; Haruhiro Higashida", "doi": "10.1038/nature05526", "pmid": "17287729", "id": "pmid-17287729", "collections": [ "general" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05526", "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05526", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17287729/" ], "design": "Experimental mouse study", "categories": [ "Molecular biomarkers" ], "targets": [ "CD38", "OXT" ], "neurotransmitters": [ "Oxytocin" ], "priority": 1, "finding": "Mice lacking CD38 had reduced oxytocin secretion and impaired maternal and social behaviour. 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Malenka", "doi": "10.1038/nature12518", "pmid": "24025838", "id": "pmid-24025838", "collections": [ "general" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12518", "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12518", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4091761/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24025838/" ], "design": "Experimental mouse study", "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "targets": [ "OXTR", "HTR1B" ], "neurotransmitters": [ "Oxytocin", "Serotonin" ], "priority": 1, "finding": "In mice, social reward required coordinated oxytocin and serotonin signalling in the nucleus accumbens. Removing oxytocin receptors from dorsal raphe inputs, or blocking accumbens serotonin 5-HT1B receptors, prevented the rewarding effect of social interaction.", "limitation": "The experiments identify a mouse neural mechanism. 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No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned." }, { "title": "Evidence for the existence of dopamine d2-oxytocin receptor heteromers in the ventral and dorsal striatum with facilitatory receptor–receptor interactions", "journal": "Molecular Psychiatry", "year": 2012, "authors": "W Romero-Fernandez; D O Borroto-Escuela; L F Agnati; K Fuxe", "doi": "10.1038/mp.2012.103", "pmid": "22824810", "id": "pmid-22824810", "collections": [ "general" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/mp2012103", "https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2012.103", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22824810/" ], "design": "Laboratory receptor-interaction study; research letter", "categories": [ "Molecular biomarkers" ], "targets": [ "DRD2", "OXTR" ], "neurotransmitters": [ "Dopamine", "Oxytocin" ], "priority": 1, "finding": "The authors report dopamine D2–oxytocin receptor complexes in the ventral and dorsal striatum, with facilitatory interactions between the receptors. 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Young", "doi": "10.1038/s41583-018-0072-6", "pmid": "30301953", "id": "pmid-30301953", "collections": [ "general" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-018-0072-6", "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-018-0072-6", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6283620/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30301953/" ], "design": "Narrative review", "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "targets": [ "OXTR", "DRD2", "AVPR1A" ], "neurotransmitters": [ "Oxytocin", "Dopamine", "Vasopressin" ], "priority": 1, "finding": "This review describes how oxytocin, dopamine and vasopressin interact with reward and social-memory circuits during pair-bond formation and maintenance. It connects experimental work in prairie voles and other animals with questions about human attachment.", "limitation": "A narrative synthesis with substantial animal evidence; it is not a pooled estimate of a human treatment effect.", "kind": "Review", "citationCount": 346, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 346, "source": "Crossref", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-23", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/s41583-018-0072-6" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "review", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Narrative review. No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned.", "sources": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-018-0072-6", "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-018-0072-6", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6283620/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30301953/" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, "evidence": { "evidenceType": "Brain & nervous system", "sample": "Animal studies and human attachment research", "measurement": "Review of neural circuits and receptor mechanisms", "measuredGenes": [], "relationshipNote": "A narrative synthesis with substantial animal evidence; it is not a pooled estimate of a human treatment effect.", "sourceURLs": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-018-0072-6", "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-018-0072-6", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6283620/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30301953/" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-23" }, "jadad": { "status": "unassessed", "score": null }, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": false, "blinding": "not-applicable", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Narrative review. 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Hammock; Yongsoo Kim", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-020-15659-1", "pmid": "32313029", "id": "pmid-32313029", "collections": [ "general" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-15659-1", "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15659-1", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7171089/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32313029/" ], "design": "Experimental developmental brain-mapping study", "categories": [ "Gene expression" ], "targets": [ "OXTR" ], "neurotransmitters": [ "Oxytocin" ], "priority": 0, "finding": "Cellular-resolution maps show that oxytocin receptor expression changes across brain regions and postnatal development in mice. Reporter imaging and RNA measurements identify transient cortical expression and region-specific patterns, providing an anatomical reference for oxytocin research.", "limitation": "Mouse developmental maps do not establish the corresponding receptor distribution or functional connections in the human brain.", "kind": "Journal article", "citationCount": 124, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 124, "source": "Crossref", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-23", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/s41467-020-15659-1" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Experimental developmental brain-mapping study. No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned.", "sources": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-15659-1", "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15659-1", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7171089/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32313029/" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, "evidence": { "evidenceType": "Gene expression", "sample": "Postnatally developing mice", "measurement": "Oxytocin receptor reporter imaging and in situ RNA measurements", "measuredGenes": [ "OXTR" ], "relationshipNote": "Mouse developmental maps do not establish the corresponding receptor distribution or functional connections in the human brain.", "sourceURLs": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-15659-1", "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15659-1", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7171089/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32313029/" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-23" }, "jadad": { "status": "unassessed", "score": null }, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Experimental developmental brain-mapping study. 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No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned." }, { "title": "Oxytocin mediates early experience–dependent cross-modal plasticity in the sensory cortices", "journal": "Nature Neuroscience", "year": 2014, "authors": "Jing-Jing Zheng; Shu-Jing Li; Xiao-Di Zhang; Wan-Ying Miao; Dinghong Zhang; Haishan Yao; Xiang Yu", "doi": "10.1038/nn.3634", "pmid": "24464043", "id": "pmid-24464043", "collections": [ "general" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.3634", "https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3634", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24464043/" ], "design": "Experimental mouse study", "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "targets": [ "OXT" ], "neurotransmitters": [ "Oxytocin" ], "priority": 1, "finding": "Early sensory deprivation altered oxytocin synthesis and release and reduced excitatory synaptic transmission across sensory cortices in mice. Oxytocin treatment restored aspects of this transmission, linking early sensory experience to oxytocin-dependent cortical plasticity.", "limitation": "Experiments in developing mice; the study does not test EMDR, music therapy or a human clinical intervention.", "kind": "Journal article", "citationCount": 198, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 198, "source": "Crossref", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-23", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/nn.3634" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Experimental mouse study. No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned.", "sources": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.3634", "https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3634", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24464043/" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, "evidence": { "evidenceType": "Brain & nervous system", "sample": "Developing mice exposed to sensory deprivation", "measurement": "Oxytocin synthesis and release; cortical synaptic transmission", "measuredGenes": [], "relationshipNote": "Experiments in developing mice; the study does not test EMDR, music therapy or a human clinical intervention.", "sourceURLs": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.3634", "https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3634", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24464043/" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-23" }, "jadad": { "status": "unassessed", "score": null }, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": false, "blinding": "not-applicable", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Experimental mouse study. No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24464043/", "https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.3634", "https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3634" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" }, "legacyArticleStars": null, "legacyRatingBasis": null, "stars": 1, "ratingBasis": "Experimental mouse study. No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned." }, { "title": "Oxytocin-dependent reopening of a social reward learning critical period with MDMA", "journal": "Nature", "year": 2019, "authors": "Romain Nardou; Eastman M. Lewis; Rebecca Rothhaas; Ran Xu; Aimei Yang; Edward Boyden; Gül Dölen", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1075-9", "pmid": "30944474", "id": "pmid-30944474", "collections": [ "general" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1075-9", "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1075-9", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30944474/" ], "design": "Experimental mouse study", "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "targets": [ "OXTR", "SLC6A4" ], "neurotransmitters": [ "Oxytocin", "Serotonin", "Dopamine" ], "priority": 1, "finding": "In adult mice, MDMA reopened a developmental period for social-reward learning. The effect involved oxytocin-dependent plasticity in the nucleus accumbens, connecting serotonergic drug action with oxytocin signalling and social learning.", "limitation": "An animal mechanism study. SLC6A4 is indexed for serotonin-transporter involvement, not a measured change in its gene expression. The study does not establish human treatment efficacy.", "kind": "Journal article", "citationCount": 308, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 308, "source": "Crossref", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-23", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/s41586-019-1075-9" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Experimental mouse study. No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned.", "sources": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1075-9", "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1075-9", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30944474/" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, "evidence": { "evidenceType": "Brain & nervous system", "sample": "Mice", "measurement": "Social-reward learning, pharmacology and synaptic plasticity", "measuredGenes": [], "relationshipNote": "An animal mechanism study. SLC6A4 is indexed for serotonin-transporter involvement, not a measured change in its gene expression. The study does not establish human treatment efficacy.", "sourceURLs": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1075-9", "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1075-9", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30944474/" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-23" }, "jadad": { "status": "unassessed", "score": null }, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": false, "blinding": "not-applicable", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Experimental mouse study. 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Neumann; Rohit Menon", "doi": "10.1038/s41380-023-02309-3", "pmid": "37938765", "id": "pmid-37938765", "collections": [ "general" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-023-02309-3", "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02309-3", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11371636/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37938765/" ], "design": "Experimental mouse molecular study", "categories": [ "Gene expression" ], "targets": [ "OXTR", "MIR132", "GDF5" ], "neurotransmitters": [ "Oxytocin" ], "priority": 0, "finding": "Septal miR-132 contributed to social-fear extinction and oxytocin-mediated reversal of social fear in male mice. Manipulation in oxytocin-receptor-expressing neurons linked this microRNA to behavioural responses and downstream Gdf5 regulation.", "limitation": "The molecular and behavioural findings come from male mice; they do not establish a therapy or biomarker for human social anxiety.", "kind": "Journal article", "citationCount": 14, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 14, "source": "Crossref", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-23", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/s41380-023-02309-3" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Experimental mouse molecular study. 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No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned." }, { "title": "Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse", "journal": "Nature Neuroscience", "year": 2009, "authors": "Patrick O McGowan; Aya Sasaki; Ana C D'Alessio; Sergiy Dymov; Benoit Labonté; Moshe Szyf; Gustavo Turecki; Michael J Meaney", "doi": "10.1038/nn.2270", "pmid": "19234457", "id": "pmid-19234457", "collections": [ "general" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2270", "https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2270", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2944040/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19234457/" ], "design": "Human postmortem observational study and laboratory assays", "categories": [ "Epigenetics" ], "targets": [ "NR3C1" ], "neurotransmitters": [], "priority": 0, "finding": "Hippocampal tissue from suicide victims with a history of childhood abuse showed altered glucocorticoid-receptor promoter methylation and lower receptor transcript levels. 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No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned." }, { "title": "The effect of music performance on the transcriptome of professional musicians", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "year": 2015, "authors": "Chakravarthi Kanduri; Tuire Kuusi; Minna Ahvenainen; Anju K. Philips; Harri Lähdesmäki; Irma Järvelä", "doi": "10.1038/srep09506", "pmid": "25806429", "id": "pmid-25806429", "collections": [ "sound" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/srep09506", "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09506", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5380155/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25806429/" ], "design": "Controlled, non-randomized transcriptome study", "categories": [ "Gene expression" ], "targets": [ "SNCA", "FOS", "DUSP1" ], "neurotransmitters": [], "priority": 0, "finding": "Whole-blood gene expression changed after a two-hour concert performed by professional musicians. 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No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned." }, { "title": "Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music", "journal": "Nature Neuroscience", "year": 2011, "authors": "Valorie N Salimpoor; Mitchel Benovoy; Kevin Larcher; Alain Dagher; Robert J Zatorre", "doi": "10.1038/nn.2726", "pmid": "21217764", "id": "pmid-21217764", "collections": [ "sound" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2726", "https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2726", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21217764/" ], "design": "Human PET and functional MRI study", "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "targets": [], "neurotransmitters": [ "Dopamine" ], "priority": 1, "finding": "Pleasurable music was associated with dopamine release in the striatum. Anticipation and peak emotional experience recruited different regions, with caudate involvement during anticipation and nucleus accumbens involvement during peak pleasure.", "limitation": "A small laboratory study of selected listeners. Dopamine release is not a measurement of DRD2 gene expression or a music-therapy outcome.", "kind": "Journal article", "citationCount": 1354, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 1354, "source": "Crossref", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-23", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/nn.2726" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "observational", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Human PET and functional MRI study. 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No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned." }, { "title": "Biological principles for music and mental health", "journal": "Translational Psychiatry", "year": 2023, "authors": "Daniel L. Bowling", "doi": "10.1038/s41398-023-02671-4", "pmid": "38049408", "id": "pmid-38049408", "collections": [ "sound" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-023-02671-4", "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02671-4", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10695969/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38049408/" ], "design": "Narrative review", "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "targets": [], "neurotransmitters": [ "Oxytocin", "Dopamine" ], "priority": 1, "finding": "The authors organise music and mental-health research around biological principles involving reward, rhythm, learning and social connection. The review examines neural and physiological mechanisms, including dopamine and oxytocin signalling, that may help explain responses to music.", "limitation": "A broad mechanistic review; it does not supply one pooled treatment effect or establish that every music intervention acts through the same pathways.", "kind": "Review", "citationCount": 51, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 51, "source": "Crossref", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-23", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/s41398-023-02671-4" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "review", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Narrative review. 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No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned." }, { "title": "Brain correlates of music-evoked emotions", "journal": "Nature Reviews Neuroscience", "year": 2014, "authors": "Stefan Koelsch", "doi": "10.1038/nrn3666", "pmid": "24552785", "id": "pmid-24552785", "collections": [ "sound" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn3666", "https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3666", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24552785/" ], "design": "Narrative review", "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "targets": [], "neurotransmitters": [ "Dopamine" ], "priority": 1, "finding": "Neuroimaging research links music-evoked emotions to networks involving reward, autonomic regulation and emotional processing, including the nucleus accumbens, amygdala and hypothalamus. The review examines how musical structure and expectation engage these systems.", "limitation": "A review of mechanisms and brain responses; it does not estimate clinical efficacy for a defined music-therapy programme.", "kind": "Review", "citationCount": 1237, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 1237, "source": "Crossref", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-23", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/nrn3666" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "review", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Narrative review. No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned.", "sources": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn3666", "https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3666", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24552785/" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, "evidence": { "evidenceType": "Brain & nervous system", "sample": "Human neuroimaging literature", "measurement": "Review of music-evoked emotion and brain activity", "measuredGenes": [], "relationshipNote": "A review of mechanisms and brain responses; it does not estimate clinical efficacy for a defined music-therapy programme.", "sourceURLs": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn3666", "https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3666", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24552785/" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-23" }, "jadad": { "status": "unassessed", "score": null }, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": false, "blinding": "not-applicable", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Narrative review. 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Ford; Kathleen Schmidt; Celia C. Wong; Wendy C. Higgins; Bryant M. Stone; Samantha K. Stanley; Gianni Ribeiro; Paul T. Fuglestad; Valerie Jaklin; Andrea Kübler; Philipp Ziebell; Crystal L. Jewell; Yulia Kovas; Mahnoosh Allahghadri; Charlotte Fransham; Michael F. Baranski; Hannah Burgess; Annika B. E. Benz; Maysa DeSousa; Catherine E. Nylin; Janae C. Brooks; Caitlyn M. Goldsmith; Jessica M. Benson; Siobhán M. Griffin; Stephen Dunne; William E. Davis; Tam J. Watermeyer; William B. Meese; Jennifer L. Howell; Laurel Standiford Reyes; Megan G. Strickland; Sally S. Dickerson; Samantha Pescatore; Shayna Skakoon-Sparling; Zachary I. Wunder; Martin V. Day; Shawna Brenton; Audrey H. Linden; Christopher E. Hawk; Léan V. O’Brien; Tenzin Urgyen; Jennifer S. McDonald; Kim Lien van der Schans; Heidi Blocker; Caroline Ng Tseung-Wong; Gabriela M. Jiga-Boy", "doi": "10.1038/s41562-024-01907-7", "pmid": "38862815", "id": "pmid-38862815", "collections": [ "language" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01907-7", "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01907-7", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11420060/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38862815/" ], "design": "Randomized controlled multisite study", "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "targets": [], "neurotransmitters": [], "priority": 1, "finding": "Across 37 sites and 2,239 participants, four brief self-administered mindfulness exercises reduced immediate self-reported stress compared with an active control. The body-scan exercise produced the largest reduction among the tested exercises.", "limitation": "The outcomes were short term and self-reported, with predominantly English-speaking participants in higher-income settings. Gene expression was not measured.", "kind": "Journal article", "citationCount": 24, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 24, "source": "Crossref", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-23", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/s41562-024-01907-7" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "rct", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Random assignment and an active comparison are reported. 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A single- or double-blind classification is not established from the reviewed methods." }, { "title": "Meditation and vacation effects have an impact on disease-associated molecular phenotypes", "journal": "Translational Psychiatry", "year": 2016, "authors": "E S Epel; E Puterman; J Lin; E H Blackburn; P Y Lum; N D Beckmann; J Zhu; E Lee; A Gilbert; R A Rissman; R E Tanzi; E E Schadt", "doi": "10.1038/tp.2016.164", "pmid": "27576169", "id": "pmid-27576169", "collections": [ "language" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/tp2016164", "https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.164", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5022094/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27576169/" ], "design": "Randomized retreat comparison with an observational experienced-meditator group", "categories": [ "Gene expression" ], "targets": [], "neurotransmitters": [], "priority": 0, "finding": "A six-day resort stay was associated with substantial blood gene-expression changes in both meditation and vacation groups. Experienced meditators showed additional molecular patterns, but the randomized novice-meditation comparison did not establish a gene-expression advantage over vacation.", "limitation": "The experienced-meditator group was not randomized. Shared changes across groups cannot be attributed specifically to meditation.", "kind": "Journal article", "citationCount": 92, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 92, "source": "Crossref", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-23", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/tp.2016.164" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "rct", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Novices were randomized to meditation or vacation; experienced meditators formed a separate observational group. 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Shared changes across groups cannot be attributed specifically to meditation.", "sourceURLs": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/tp2016164", "https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.164", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5022094/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27576169/" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-23" }, "jadad": { "status": "unassessed", "score": null }, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Novices were randomized to meditation or vacation; experienced meditators formed a separate observational group. 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Masked molecular superiority of meditation was not established." }, { "title": "Preliminary indications of the effect of a brief yoga intervention on markers of inflammation and DNA methylation in chronically stressed women", "journal": "Translational Psychiatry", "year": 2016, "authors": "K N Harkess; J Ryan; P H Delfabbro; S Cohen-Woods", "doi": "10.1038/tp.2016.234", "pmid": "27898068", "id": "pmid-27898068", "collections": [ "language" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/tp2016234", "https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.234", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5290356/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27898068/" ], "design": "Exploratory molecular substudy of a yoga trial", "categories": [ "Epigenetics" ], "targets": [ "TNF", "IL6" ], "neurotransmitters": [], "priority": 0, "finding": "An exploratory substudy in chronically stressed women reported lower methylation in a TNF region following a brief yoga intervention. Comparable regional changes were not found for IL6 or CRP, and a reduction in circulating inflammatory markers was not established.", "limitation": "The molecular sample contained 28 women. Its retrospective and uncontrolled longitudinal components limit causal interpretation, despite recruitment from a larger randomized trial.", "kind": "Journal article", "citationCount": 75, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 75, "source": "Crossref", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-23", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/tp.2016.234" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "observational", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Exploratory molecular substudy of a yoga trial. 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No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned." }, { "title": "Neural circuits underlying a psychotherapeutic regimen for fear disorders", "journal": "Nature", "year": 2019, "authors": "Jinhee Baek; Sukchan Lee; Taesup Cho; Seong-Wook Kim; Minsoo Kim; Yongwoo Yoon; Ko Keun Kim; Junweon Byun; Sang Jeong Kim; Jaeseung Jeong; Hee-Sup Shin", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-0931-y", "pmid": "30760920", "id": "pmid-30760920", "collections": [ "vision" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-0931-y", "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-0931-y", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30760920/" ], "design": "Experimental mouse neural-circuit study", "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "targets": [], "neurotransmitters": [], "priority": 1, "finding": "Alternating bilateral visual stimulation during fear extinction recruited a superior-colliculus–thalamus–amygdala circuit in mice and reduced the return of conditioned fear. The experiments identify a possible neural mechanism relevant to eye-movement-based approaches.", "limitation": "A mouse model inspired by a psychotherapeutic component; it is not a trial of clinical EMDR or a self-administered treatment in humans.", "kind": "Journal article", "citationCount": 136, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 136, "source": "Crossref", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-23", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/s41586-019-0931-y" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Experimental mouse neural-circuit study. 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No masked human randomized trial classification is assigned." }, { "title": "Possible neural mechanisms of psychotherapy for trauma-related symptoms: cerebral responses to the neuropsychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder model individuals", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "year": 2016, "authors": "Tamaki Amano; Motomi Toichi", "doi": "10.1038/srep34610", "pmid": "27698453", "id": "pmid-27698453", "collections": [ "vision" ], "origin": "update", "publisherFamily": "nature", "publisherFamilyLabel": "Nature Portfolio", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/srep34610", "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34610", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5048146/", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27698453/" ], "design": "Human experimental neuroimaging study", "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "targets": [], "neurotransmitters": [], "priority": 1, "finding": "During an EMDR-related procedure, healthy volunteers recalled moderately unpleasant memories while researchers measured cortical haemodynamic responses. 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