{ "title": "Sound research", "chapters": [ { "number": 1, "title": "Brain entrainment, sound and gene expression", "topics": [ { "id": "i", "number": "1.1", "title": "Brain entrainment, pain, anxiety and heart-rate variability", "trustScore": 3, "sourcePage": 6, "context": "", "papers": [ { "id": "i-pmid-28544507", "recordId": "pmid-28544507", "title": "The Effect of Binaural Beat Technology on the Cardiovascular Stress Response in Military Service Members With Postdeployment Stress", "journal": "Journal of Nursing Scholarship", "year": 2017, "authors": "Gantt MA, Dadds S, Burns DS, Glaser D, Moore AD.", "design": "Double-blind randomized controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jnu.12304" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“The use of binaural beat technology in the theta brainwave frequency embedded into music decreases physical and psychological indications of stress. Binaural beat technology embedded with beta and delta frequencies may improve cognitive functioning and sleep quality, respectively.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 11, "sourcePages": [ 6 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": "10.1111/jnu.12304", "pmid": "28544507", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "The conference abstract and journal report describe the same 74-person military trial, with music plus or minus binaural beats over four weeks. The Sound Mind Warrior register records randomization and participant/investigator masking. These reports count as one trial.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28544507/", "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02328690" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "double-blind-rct", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "The conference abstract and journal report describe the same 74-person military trial, with music plus or minus binaural beats over four weeks. The Sound Mind Warrior register records randomization and participant/investigator masking. These reports count as one trial.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28544507/", "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02328690" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-27", "reviewScope": "Primary abstract or specified methods and trial register; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias assessment not completed." }, "evidence": { "trialId": "NCT02328690" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-25452734", "recordId": "pmid-25452734", "title": "Auditory driving of the autonomic nervous system: Listening to theta-frequency binaural beats post-exercise increases parasympathetic activation and sympathetic withdrawal", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychology", "year": 2014, "authors": "McConnell PA, Froeliger B, Garland EL, Ives JC, Sforzo GA.", "design": "randomised controlled trial, double blind", "urls": [ "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01248/full" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Acute exposure to theta-frequency binaural beats in a young, healthy sample of college students resulted in increased parasympathetic activation, increased sympathetic withdrawal, and increased self-reported relaxation post-exercise.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Binaural-beat-associated HRV appeared to be more tightly coupled with self-reported relaxation than placebo-associated HRV.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“These findings support the putative clinical effectiveness of binaural beats in their own right, the effects of which may be synergistically enhanced through combination with other therapeutic factors such as verbal guidance and music.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 37, "sourcePages": [ 6 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Heart rate & autonomic", "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01248", "pmid": "25452734", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Randomized controlled design recorded in the publication-specific design or bibliographic indexing.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25452734/", "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01248", "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01248/full" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-src-e3b0fd44d504", "recordId": "src-e3b0fd44d504", "title": "Psychophysiological reactivity to auditory Binaural Beats stimulation in the alpha and theta EEG brain-wave frequency bands: A randomized, double–blind and placebo–controlled study in human healthy young adult subjects", "journal": "Independent University of Madrid, Department of Biological and Health Psychology", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "randomised controlled trial, double blind", "urls": [ "https://repositorio.uam.es/handle/10486/663948" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Significant change over time in the parasympathetic parameter HRV–HF power derived from ECG was only found under binaural beats”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Pre– vs. post saliva samples revealed significant increases only under Placebo in stress–related biomarkers (Cortisol, α –Amylase and Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A, SIgA), but not under binaural beats”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“The ability of the binaural beat stimulus to decrease arousal levels and induce/boost altered states of consciousness (ASCs) implies applications in several practical–clinical contexts and calls for further field studies.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 3, "sourcePages": [ 7 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Molecular biomarkers", "Heart rate & autonomic", "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Randomized controlled design recorded in the publication-specific design or bibliographic indexing.", "sources": [ "https://repositorio.uam.es/handle/10486/663948" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-src-6d277422d0a0", "recordId": "src-6d277422d0a0", "title": "The Sound Mind Warrior Study: Using Sound Technology to Combat Stress in Military Service Members", "journal": "Sigma Global Nursing", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "Double-blind randomized controlled trial; conference report", "urls": [ "https://sigma.nursingrepository.org/handle/10755/616141" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“When placed under an acute stressor after using music embedded with BBT, participants showed a decrease in sympathetic response and an increased in parasympathetic response. Those who used music alone had the opposite effect. In other words, those who did not use the technology exhibited more cardiovascular signs of chronic stress exposure.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": null, "sourcePages": [ 7 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Heart rate & autonomic" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "The conference abstract and journal report describe the same 74-person military trial, with music plus or minus binaural beats over four weeks. The Sound Mind Warrior register records randomization and participant/investigator masking. These reports count as one trial.", "sources": [ "https://stti.confex.com/stti/congrs16/webprogram/Paper78473.html", "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02328690" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "double-blind-rct", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "The conference abstract and journal report describe the same 74-person military trial, with music plus or minus binaural beats over four weeks. The Sound Mind Warrior register records randomization and participant/investigator masking. These reports count as one trial.", "sources": [ "https://stti.confex.com/stti/congrs16/webprogram/Paper78473.html", "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02328690" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-27", "reviewScope": "Primary abstract or specified methods and trial register; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias assessment not completed." }, "evidence": { "trialId": "NCT02328690" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-29297265", "recordId": "pmid-29297265", "title": "Short-Term Effects of Binaural Beats on EEG Power, Functional Connectivity, Cognition, Gait and Anxiety in Parkinson’s Disease", "journal": "International Journal of Neural Systems", "year": 2018, "authors": "Gálvez G, Recuero M, Canuet L, Del-Pozo F.", "design": "randomised controlled trial, double blind", "urls": [ "https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0129065717500551?journalCode=ijns" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“The use of binaural-rhythm stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease, as designed in this study, seems to be an effective, portable, inexpensive and noninvasive method to modulate brain activity”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“It resulted in a normalization of EEG power (altered in Parkinson’s Disease), normalization of brain FC (also altered in Parkinson’s Disease) and working memory improvement (a normalizing effect)”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“We consider that sound, particularly binaural-rhythmic sound, may be a co-assistant tool in the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 22, "sourcePages": [ 7 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system", "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": "10.1142/s0129065717500551", "pmid": "29297265", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed randomized trial and double-blind methods.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29297265/", "https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065717500551", "https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0129065717500551?journalCode=ijns" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-src-d2427f4063b3", "recordId": "src-d2427f4063b3", "title": "Hemispheric‐synchronisation during anaesthesia: a double‐blind randomised trial using audiotapes for intra‐operative nociception control", "journal": "Wiley Online Library: Anaesthesia", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "randomised controlled trial, double blind", "urls": [ "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.00958.x" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that patients using intra‐operative Hemi‐Sync tapes whilst undergoing a range of different surgical procedures under standardised general anaesthesia with a laryngeal mask require substantially less fentanyl when compared with controls”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“It is possible that the Hemi‐Sync tapes, used intra‐operatively or with the addition of pre‐ and postoperative tapes, could have longer‐term effects on postoperative recovery, and may even result in cost savings through reduced analgesic requirement and shorter hospital stay.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“In our study, we found that patients exposed to a Hemi‐Sync audio tape whilst undergoing surgery under ‘light’ general anaesthesia required significantly less analgesia with fentanyl when compared with patients listening to a blank tape or to classical music.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 66, "sourcePages": [ 8 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Methods & context" ], "doi": "10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.00958.x", "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Randomized controlled design recorded in the publication-specific design or bibliographic indexing.", "sources": [ "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.00958.x" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-20117669", "recordId": "pmid-20117669", "title": "Pilot Feasibility Study of Binaural Auditory Beats for Reducing Symptoms of Inattention in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder", "journal": "Journal of Paediatric Nursing", "year": 2010, "authors": "Kennel S, Taylor AG, Lyon D, Bourguignon C.", "design": "randomised controlled trial, double blind", "urls": [ "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0882596308003321" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“parents and adolescents stated that homework problems due to inattention improved during the 3-week study. Parents and participants stated that the modality was easy to use and helpful. Therefore, this modality should be studied over a longer time frame in a larger sample to further its effectiveness to reduce the symptom of inattention in those diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 42, "sourcePages": [ 8 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.pedn.2008.06.010", "pmid": "20117669", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed randomized trial and double-blind methods.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20117669/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2008.06.010", "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0882596308003321" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-16115248", "recordId": "pmid-16115248", "title": "A prospective, randomised, controlled study examining binaural beat audio and pre‐operative anxiety in patients undergoing general anaesthesia for day case surgery", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "year": 2005, "authors": "Padmanabhan R, Hildreth AJ, Laws D.", "design": "randomised controlled trial, double blind", "urls": [ "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04287.x" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“offering binaural beat audio before day case procedures might serve to bring about anxiolysis in the majority of patients without impacting adversely on postoperative functioning”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 191, "sourcePages": [ 8 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04287.x", "pmid": "16115248", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed randomized trial and double-blind methods.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16115248/", "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04287.x", "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04287.x" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-22171868", "recordId": "pmid-22171868", "title": "Original sound compositions reduce anxiety in emergency department patients: a randomised controlled trial", "journal": "Medical Journal of Australia", "year": 2011, "authors": "Weiland TJ, Jelinek GA, Macarow KE, Samartzis P, Brown DM, Grierson EM, Winter C.", "design": "randomised controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22171868/" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“In moderately anxious emergency department patients, state anxiety was reduced by 10%–15% following exposure to purpose‐designed sound interventions.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 39, "sourcePages": [ 9 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": "10.5694/mja10.10662", "pmid": "22171868", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed randomized trial and double-blind methods.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22171868/", "https://doi.org/10.5694/mja10.10662" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-src-1023e40a3842", "recordId": "src-1023e40a3842", "title": "The effect of music with and without binaural beat audio on operative anxiety in patients undergoing cataract surgery: a randomized controlled trial", "journal": "Nature", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "randomised controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/eye2016160" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Music, both with and without binaural beat, was proven to decrease anxiety level and lower systolic blood pressure.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Patients who received binaural beat audio showed additional decrease in heart rate.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Binaural beat embedded musical intervention may have benefit over musical intervention alone in decreasing operative anxiety.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 26, "sourcePages": [ 9 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Heart rate & autonomic", "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Randomized controlled design recorded in the publication-specific design or bibliographic indexing.", "sources": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/eye2016160" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-25635925", "recordId": "pmid-25635925", "title": "Effects of music in combination with vibration in acupuncture points on the treatment of fibromyalgia", "journal": "Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine", "year": 2015, "authors": "Weber A, Werneck L, Paiva E, Gans P.", "design": "randomised controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25635925/" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“complete group had the greatest reduction in both Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and Health Assessment Questionnaire, with a significant improvement in Health Assessment Questionnaire, suggesting that the combined use of music, binaural beats and vibration exerts a greater effect on Fibromyalgia symptoms”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 15, "sourcePages": [ 9 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": "10.1089/acm.2014.0199", "pmid": "25635925", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Randomized controlled design recorded in the publication-specific design or bibliographic indexing.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25635925/", "https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2014.0199" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-30073406", "recordId": "pmid-30073406", "title": "Efficacy of binaural auditory beats in cognition, anxiety, and pain perception: a meta-analysis", "journal": "Psychological Research", "year": 2019, "authors": "Garcia-Argibay M, Santed MA, Reales JM.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-018-1066-8" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“the findings suggest that binaural-beat exposure before, and before and during the task produces superior results than exposure during the task”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Time under exposure contributed significantly to the model indicating that longer periods are advisable to ensure maximum effectiveness”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“binaural-beat exposure is an effective way to affect cognition over and above reducing anxiety levels and the perception of pain without prior training, and that the direction and the magnitude of the effect depends upon the frequency used, time under exposure, and the moment in which the exposure takes place”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 14, "sourcePages": [ 10 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system", "Clinical & self-report", "Methods & context" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00426-018-1066-8", "pmid": "30073406", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": false, "blinding": "not-applicable", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30073406/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1066-8", "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-018-1066-8" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-doi-98d676644dd46a51", "recordId": "doi-98d676644dd46a51", "title": "Cumulative effects of theta binaural beats on brain power and functional connectivity", "journal": "Biomedical Signal Processing and Control", "year": 2018, "authors": "Tirdad Seifi Ala; Mohammad Ali Ahmadi-Pajouh; Ali Motie Nasrabadi", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1746809418300296" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Binaural beats are capable of entraining the brain.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“7 Hz binaural beats increase relative power of theta band in parietal and temporal lobes.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“6 min of stimulation is enough to significantly change the relative power.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 12, "sourcePages": [ 10 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.bspc.2018.01.022", "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2018.01.022", "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1746809418300296" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-src-48e0742b692c", "recordId": "src-48e0742b692c", "title": "Alpha-rhythm stimulation using brain entrainment enhances heart rate variability in subjects with reduced HRV", "journal": "World Journal of Neuroscience", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "", "urls": [ "http://www.saistmp.com/publications/WJNS_2013090617221978.pdf" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Alpha rhythm during brain wave entrainment interacts with the brain stem control in the different HRV bands taken in consideration.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“we measured an increase in low frequency power heart rate variability ranging from 16% to 74%”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“and an increase in high frequency heart rate variability power ranging from 38% to 73%. These are very promising results.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 17, "sourcePages": [ 10 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Heart rate & autonomic", "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": null, "scope": "Paper", "status": "unassessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Publication-specific design or publication status remains unconfirmed.", "sources": [ "http://www.saistmp.com/publications/WJNS_2013090617221978.pdf" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-26541421", "recordId": "pmid-26541421", "title": "Binaural beats increase interhemispheric alpha-band coherence between auditory cortices", "journal": "Hearing Research", "year": 2016, "authors": "Solcà M, Mottaz A, Guggisberg AG.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378595515300149" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“BBs enhance alpha-band oscillation synchrony between the auditory cortices during auditory stimulation”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Increased coherence selectively concerns the alpha band whatever the binaural beat frequency is.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 18, "sourcePages": [ 11 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Methods & context" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.heares.2015.09.011", "pmid": "26541421", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26541421/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2015.09.011", "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378595515300149" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-25345689", "recordId": "pmid-25345689", "title": "Intracranial electroencephalography power and phase synchronization changes during monaural and binaural beat stimulation", "journal": "European Journal of Neuroscience", "year": 2015, "authors": "Becher AK, Höhne M, Axmacher N, Chaieb L, Elger CE, Fell J.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ejn.12760" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Our results suggest that beat stimulation offers a non‐invasive approach for the modulation of intracranial EEG characteristics.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 50, "sourcePages": [ 11 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": "10.1111/ejn.12760", "pmid": "25345689", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25345689/", "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12760", "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ejn.12760" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-src-4658f2126f07", "recordId": "src-4658f2126f07", "title": "A comprehensive review of the psychological effects of brainwave entrainment", "journal": "Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE): Quality-assessed Reviews", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK75019" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Preliminary evidence suggested that brain wave entrainment is an effective therapeutic tool”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 188, "sourcePages": [ 11 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": null, "scope": "Paper", "status": "unassessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Publication-specific design or publication status remains unconfirmed.", "sources": [ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK75019" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-26612201", "recordId": "pmid-26612201", "title": "More attentional focusing through binaural beats: evidence from the global–local task", "journal": "Psychological Research", "year": 2017, "authors": "Colzato LS, Barone H, Sellaro R, Hommel B.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-015-0727-0" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“high-frequency gamma binaural beats did have a significant impact on the global precedence effect: the precedence effect became smaller, suggesting that visual attention became more focused than in the control condition.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“this is the first study to demonstrate that binaural beats induce an individual processing style that modulates visual attention.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“As we have argued, beats in the gamma range achieve this effect by increasing attentional focusing rather than by suppressing currently irrelevant tasks and task-related information.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 27, "sourcePages": [ 11 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Methods & context" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00426-015-0727-0", "pmid": "26612201", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; 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no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-20453018", "recordId": "pmid-20453018", "title": "Efficacy of Guided Imagery With Theta Music for Advanced Cancer Patients With Dyspnea: A Pilot Study", "journal": "Biological Research for Nursing", "year": 2010, "authors": "Lai WS, Chao CS, Yang WP, Chen CH.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1099800409347556" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“This study demonstrates that guided imagery with theta music is a useful intervention for palliative care of patients with dyspnea.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“theta music alone was demonstrated to be effective, while soothing non-theta music was not effective.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Guided imagery with theta music was more effective than theta music alone.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 29, "sourcePages": [ 12 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Methods & context" ], "doi": "10.1177/1099800409347556", "pmid": "20453018", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20453018/", "https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800409347556", "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1099800409347556" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-17309374", "recordId": "pmid-17309374", "title": "Binaural Beat Technology in Humans: A Pilot Study To Assess Psychologic and Physiologic Effects", "journal": "The Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine", "year": 2007, "authors": "Wahbeh H, Calabrese C, Zwickey H.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/acm.2006.6196" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Binaural beat technology may exhibit positive effect on self-reported psychologic measures, especially anxiety”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 121, "sourcePages": [ 12 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": "10.1089/acm.2006.6196", "pmid": "17309374", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17309374/", "https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2006.6196", "https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/acm.2006.6196" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-9423966", "recordId": "pmid-9423966", "title": "Binaural Auditory Beats Affect Vigilance Performance and Mood", "journal": "Physiology and Behavior", "year": 1998, "authors": "Lane JD, Kasian SJ, Owens JE, Marsh GR.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031938497004368" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“the beta-frequency beats were associated with less negative mood.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Results suggest that the presentation of binaural auditory beats can affect psychomotor performance and mood.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“This technology may have applications for the control of attention and arousal and the enhancement of human performance.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 245, "sourcePages": [ 13 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Methods & context" ], "doi": "10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00436-8", "pmid": "9423966", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9423966/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00436-8", "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031938497004368" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-src-be36c0b9673d", "recordId": "src-be36c0b9673d", "title": "A Fast Fourier Transform Analysis of Time Series Data of Heart Rate Variability During Alfa-Rhythm Stimulation in Brain Entrainment", "journal": "NeuroQuantology", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "", "urls": [ "http://www.neuroquantology.com/index.php/journal/article/view/632" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“alpha brain stimulation induces a constant improvement in the total power spectral density of heart rate variability (and thus induces an increase in total heart rhythm variability) and in particular in the parasympathetic (high frequency) band spectrum of hrv”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 6, "sourcePages": [ 13 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Heart rate & autonomic", "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": null, "scope": "Paper", "status": "unassessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Publication-specific design or publication status remains unconfirmed.", "sources": [ "http://www.neuroquantology.com/index.php/journal/article/view/632" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-src-e9a8e7396e01", "recordId": "src-e9a8e7396e01", "title": "Isochronic Tones in the Schumann Resonance Frequency for the Treatment of Anxiety: A Descriptive Exploratory Study", "journal": "Faculty of Saybrook University", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://search.proquest.com/openview/4ff918413d437dd05406e7c667256d5c/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y" ], "quotes": [], "citationCount": null, "sourcePages": [ 13 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": null, "scope": "Paper", "status": "unassessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Publication-specific design or publication status remains unconfirmed.", "sources": [ "https://search.proquest.com/openview/4ff918413d437dd05406e7c667256d5c/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-11191043", "recordId": "pmid-11191043", "title": "Use of binaural beat tapes for treatment of anxiety: a pilot study of tape preference and outcomes", "journal": "Alternative Therapy Health Medicine", "year": 2001, "authors": "Le Scouarnec RP, Poirier RM, Owens JE, Gauthier J, Taylor AG, Foresman PA.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11191043/" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Listening to binaural beat tapes in the delta/theta electroencephalogram range may be beneficial in reducing mild anxiety.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Future studies should account for music preference among participants and include age as a factor in outcomes, incentives to foster tape listening, and a physiologic measure of anxiety reduction.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 108, "sourcePages": [ 13 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": null, "pmid": "11191043", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11191043/" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-src-c29b6e4e773f", "recordId": "src-c29b6e4e773f", "title": "An Alpha-wave-based binaural beat sound control system using fuzzy logic and autoregressive forecasting model", "journal": "IEEE", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4654631" ], "quotes": [], "citationCount": 12, "sourcePages": [ 14 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Methods & context" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": null, "scope": "Paper", "status": "unassessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Publication-specific design or publication status remains unconfirmed.", "sources": [ "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4654631" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-17827173", "recordId": "pmid-17827173", "title": "Cortical Steady-State Responses to Central and Peripheral Auditory Beats", "journal": "Cerebral Cortex", "year": 2008, "authors": "Draganova R, Ross B, Wollbrink A, Pantev C.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/18/5/1193/349492" ], "quotes": [], "citationCount": 86, "sourcePages": [ 14 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Methods & context" ], "doi": "10.1093/cercor/bhm153", "pmid": "17827173", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17827173/", "https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhm153", "https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/18/5/1193/349492" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-portal-e25cb1d2bb79", "recordId": "portal-e25cb1d2bb79", "title": "Theta binaural beats for pain, cognition and anxiety", "journal": "EXPLORE", "year": 2026, "authors": "", "design": "Systematic review + meta-analysis of RCTs", "urls": [ "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2026.103471" ], "quotes": [], "citationCount": null, "sourcePages": [], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system", "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.explore.2026.103471", "pmid": null, "summary": "Across 13 RCTs, theta (4-8 Hz) binaural beats reduced pain, showed anxiety benefit mainly in procedural and chronic-pain settings, and improved episodic memory—supporting focused testing in Universal Mind's 5-8 Hz range.", "limitation": "Overall pain evidence was low certainty, outcomes varied, and the review does not establish PTSD efficacy or validate a complete sound layer.", "summarySource": { "name": "I AM portal", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2026.103471", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-15" }, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": null, "scope": "Paper", "status": "unassessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Publication-specific design or publication status remains unconfirmed.", "sources": [ "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2026.103471" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "i-pmid-39004412", "recordId": "pmid-39004412", "title": "Brain wave modulation and EEG power changes during auditory beats stimulation", "journal": "Neuroscience", "year": 2024, "authors": "Dos Anjos T, Di Rienzo F, Benoit CE, Daligault S, Guillot A.", "design": "Comparative EEG study", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39004412/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.014" ], "quotes": [], "citationCount": null, "sourcePages": [], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system", "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.014", "pmid": "39004412", "summary": "In 28 healthy participants, four minutes of isochronic-derived stimulation produced greater gamma-band EEG power changes than gamma binaural beats and white noise, alongside a distinct time-related alpha response.", "limitation": "The stimulus alternated audible frequencies rather than using a conventional fixed-carrier isochronic tone and did not test Universal Mind's exact protocol. It measured short-term EEG responses, not a clinical outcome.", "summarySource": { "name": "I AM portal", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39004412/", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-15" }, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39004412/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.014" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "Effectiveness of binaural beats in alleviating anxiety during periodontal flap surgery: A randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology", "year": 2025, "authors": "Madhumitha TK, Esther V, Ravishankar PL, Kalaivani, Kumar G, Rajula PB.", "design": "Randomized controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41450809/", "https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_73_25", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12736686/" ], "doi": "10.4103/jisp.jisp_73_25", "pmid": "41450809", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "citationCount": 0, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 0, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41450809" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41450809/", "https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_73_25", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12736686/" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "Binaural beats around periodontal surgery", "comparator": "No auditory intervention", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41450809/", "https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_73_25", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12736686/" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://daytab.com/study/xrm68jj2", "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41450809" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review." }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-41450809", "recordId": "pmid-41450809", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "In 50 periodontal surgery patients, binaural-beat exposure was associated with lower postoperative anxiety and physiological stress measures than no auditory intervention. Mean anxiety scores in the intervention arm fell from 49.0 to 38.7.", "limitation": "The comparison did not control for music, headphones or attention. A small surgical study does not establish a general clinical effect of binaural beats.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. 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Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41911215/", "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345960", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035112/" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "1 Hz binaural beats before anaesthesia", "comparator": "No binaural intervention", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41911215/", "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345960", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035112/" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://daytab.com/study/ggpt8f7w", "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41911215" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review.", "trialId": "NCT06099977" }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-41911215", "recordId": "pmid-41911215", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "In 72 surgical patients, 30 minutes of 1 Hz binaural beats reduced the mean remimazolam dose required for loss of consciousness from 17.7 to 15.0 mg; hypotension occurred in 6% versus 28% of participants.", "limitation": "A single-centre anaesthesia study with no auditory intervention in the comparison arm. EEG differences were not significant, so the proposed entrainment mechanism remains unconfirmed.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41911215/", "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345960", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035112/" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "Binaural beat stimulation as a tool to reduce preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing elective surgery and general anesthesia - results from a randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Biomedical physics & engineering express", "year": 2025, "authors": "Ostertag J, Zinn S, Georgii MT, Niederle MB, Pinto Campos C, Schneider G, Hayden O, Kratzer S, Kreuzer M.", "design": "Randomized controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40795897/", "https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/adfa9d" ], "doi": "10.1088/2057-1976/adfa9d", "pmid": "40795897", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "citationCount": 0, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 0, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40795897" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40795897/", "https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/adfa9d" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "Binaural-beat music before surgery", "comparator": "Control without binaural stimulation", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40795897/", "https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/adfa9d" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://daytab.com/study/phf6vhrm", "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40795897" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review." }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-40795897", "recordId": "pmid-40795897", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "Preoperative binaural-beat stimulation produced a greater reduction in reported state anxiety than the control condition. The reported difference in relative anxiety change was approximately six percentage points.", "limitation": "The authors identified music and relaxation as plausible contributors. Alpha power did not differ between groups; the trial does not isolate a beat-specific mechanism.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40795897/", "https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/adfa9d" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "Effects of preoperative binaural beats on the propofol dose for induction of general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie", "year": 2025, "authors": "Kim YJ, Choe HW, Yoon SB, Lee H, Kim HS, Seo JH.", "design": "Randomized controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563070/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5" ], "doi": "10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5", "pmid": "40563070", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "citationCount": 2, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 2, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40563070" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563070/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "1 Hz binaural beats, 432/431 Hz carriers", "comparator": "Silent headphones", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563070/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://daytab.com/study/ff5wsm5v", "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40563070" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review.", "trialId": "NCT05431881" }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-40563070", "recordId": "pmid-40563070", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "Among 69 surgical patients, 20 minutes of 1 Hz binaural beats reduced the mean propofol dose needed to stop responding to verbal commands from 105 to 87 mg; the difference was -18 mg, with a 95% confidence interval of -32 to -5 mg.", "limitation": "Anxiety and frontal EEG bands did not differ significantly. This supports an anaesthetic-dose finding within the tested clinical protocol, rather than a general claim of brainwave entrainment.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563070/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "Immediate effects of binaural beat stimulation on prefrontal cortical activation after cycling exercise: an electroencephalography-based study.", "journal": "Experimental brain research", "year": 2026, "authors": "Hsiao SF, Liu TL, Lin YC, Yen CW, Siu KC, Lin JH.", "design": "Randomized crossover experiment", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671585/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-026-07387-7" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00221-026-07387-7", "pmid": "42671585", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "citationCount": 0, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 0, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42671585" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671585/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-026-07387-7" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "5.5–8.5 Hz binaural beats with pink noise after cycling", "comparator": "Sham stimulation", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671585/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-026-07387-7" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://daytab.com/study/sj6r4fqj", "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42671585" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review." }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-42671585", "recordId": "pmid-42671585", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "In 52 completers, theta-range binaural stimulation with pink noise after cycling increased prefrontal theta and alpha EEG power relative to sham stimulation.", "limitation": "This was an immediate physiological experiment in healthy adults. It did not establish improved recovery, cognition or a clinical treatment effect; 60 people were recruited.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671585/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-026-07387-7" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "Effects of binaural beats on acute stress recovery and autonomic regulation in multiple sclerosis: a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology", "year": 2026, "authors": "Vaheb S, Hatef B, Mirani A, Shaygannejad V, Pirzad Jahromi G.", "design": "Double-blind randomized controlled pilot trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42307797/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-026-09164-4" ], "doi": "10.1007/s10072-026-09164-4", "pmid": "42307797", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report", "Molecular biomarkers" ], "citationCount": 0, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 0, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42307797" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42307797/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-026-09164-4" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "4 Hz binaural beats after a stress challenge", "comparator": "Matched-frequency sham stimulation", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42307797/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-026-09164-4" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://daytab.com/study/27w34k8m", "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42307797" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review." }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-42307797", "recordId": "pmid-42307797", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "A pilot involving 30 people with multiple sclerosis and 30 healthy participants reported lower salivary cortisol after 4 Hz binaural stimulation than sham following an experimental stress challenge, alongside autonomic and EEG changes.", "limitation": "Small, mixed participant groups and acute follow-up limit generalisation. Cortisol is a hormonal biomarker; this study did not measure gene expression or demonstrate long-term clinical benefit.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42307797/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-026-09164-4" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "Effect of Binaural Beats on Anxiety and Tolerance in Patients Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Without Sedation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.", "journal": "Journal of integrative and complementary medicine", "year": 2024, "authors": "Demirci S, Sezer S.", "design": "Randomized controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39088370/", "https://doi.org/10.1089/jicm.2023.0804", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11659431/" ], "doi": "10.1089/jicm.2023.0804", "pmid": "39088370", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "citationCount": 6, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 6, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/39088370" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39088370/", "https://doi.org/10.1089/jicm.2023.0804", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11659431/" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "Binaural-beat music during endoscopy", "comparator": "No auditory intervention", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39088370/", "https://doi.org/10.1089/jicm.2023.0804", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11659431/" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://daytab.com/study/7gtf9kh8", "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/39088370" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review.", "trialId": "NCT06114524" }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-39088370", "recordId": "pmid-39088370", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "In 96 patients undergoing unsedated upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, binaural-beat music was associated with improved anxiety, procedure tolerance and satisfaction compared with no intervention.", "limitation": "The trial did not include an otherwise identical music control, so the contribution of the beats is unresolved. Blood pressure and heart rate did not differ significantly.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39088370/", "https://doi.org/10.1089/jicm.2023.0804", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11659431/" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "Brainwave entrainment to minimise sedative drug doses in paediatric surgery: a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "British journal of anaesthesia", "year": 2020, "authors": "Schmid W, Marhofer P, Opfermann P, Zadrazil M, Kimberger O, Triffterer L, Marhofer D, Klug W.", "design": "Randomized controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32653082/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.050" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.050", "pmid": "32653082", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "citationCount": 10, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 10, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/32653082" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32653082/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.050" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "Combined auditory and visual entrainment during surgery", "comparator": "Standard surgical protocol without audiovisual entrainment", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32653082/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.050" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://daytab.com/study/3txf5pmz", "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/32653082" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review.", "trialId": "DRKS00005064" }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-32653082", "recordId": "pmid-32653082", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "In 49 boys undergoing surgery with a caudal block, audiovisual brainwave entrainment reduced the median propofol infusion requirement from 4.2 to 3.0 mg/kg/hour.", "limitation": "The intervention combined sound and visual stimulation and cannot establish an isolated binaural-beat effect. Findings concern supervised paediatric anaesthesia, not unsupervised sedation or general wellbeing.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32653082/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.050" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "The Effect of Binaural Beat Audio on Operative Pain and Anxiety in Cataract Surgery under Topical Anaesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.", "journal": "International journal of environmental research and public health", "year": 2022, "authors": "Loong LJ, Ling KK, Tai ELM, Kueh YC, Kuan G, Hussein A.", "design": "Randomized controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36011825/", "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610194", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9408317/" ], "doi": "10.3390/ijerph191610194", "pmid": "36011825", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "citationCount": 24, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 24, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/36011825" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36011825/", "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610194", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9408317/" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "Binaural-beat audio during cataract surgery", "comparator": "Silent headphones", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36011825/", "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610194", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9408317/" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://daytab.com/study/h46xc47s", "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/36011825" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review." }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-36011825", "recordId": "pmid-36011825", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "A 61-person cataract-surgery trial reported lower operative pain, anxiety and heart rate with binaural-beat audio than with silent headphones.", "limitation": "A small procedure-specific study with a silence comparator. It does not separate beat effects from the effects of hearing calming audio.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36011825/", "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610194", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9408317/" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "Examining the effects of binaural beat music on sleep quality, heart rate variability, and depression in older people with poor sleep quality in a long-term care institution: A randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Geriatrics & gerontology international", "year": 2024, "authors": "Lin PH, Fu SH, Lee YC, Yang SY, Li YL.", "design": "Single-blind randomized controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38319068/", "https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14827" ], "doi": "10.1111/ggi.14827", "pmid": "38319068", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "citationCount": 10, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 10, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/38319068" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38319068/", "https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14827" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "Binaural beats embedded in familiar music", "comparator": "The same music without binaural beats", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38319068/", "https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14827" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://daytab.com/study/cgzhnb8z", "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/38319068" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review." }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-38319068", "recordId": "pmid-38319068", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "Among 64 older adults with poor sleep in long-term care, binaural beats embedded in familiar music improved sleep measures and selected autonomic measures relative to the same music without beats over 14 days.", "limitation": "The short intervention and single institutional setting limit inference about durable sleep improvement. Physiological changes do not establish a molecular mechanism.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "single", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38319068/", "https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14827" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "Reduced pain and analgesic use after acoustic binaural beats therapy in chronic pain - A double-blind randomized control cross-over trial.", "journal": "European journal of pain (London, England)", "year": 2020, "authors": "Gkolias V, Amaniti A, Triantafyllou A, Papakonstantinou P, Kartsidis P, Paraskevopoulos E, Bamidis PD, Hadjileontiadis L, Kouvelas D.", "design": "Double-blind randomized crossover trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32564499/", "https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1615" ], "doi": "10.1002/ejp.1615", "pmid": "32564499", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "citationCount": 19, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 19, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/32564499" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32564499/", "https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1615" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "5 Hz binaural beats for chronic pain", "comparator": "Sham stimulation", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32564499/", "https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1615" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/32564499" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review." }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-32564499", "recordId": "pmid-32564499", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "A sham-controlled crossover study reported lower pain ratings and analgesic use after 5 Hz binaural stimulation in people with chronic pain, together with increased EEG power at the stimulation frequency.", "limitation": "Sample size and participant flow require full-text appraisal. The short treatment periods and crossover design limit conclusions about sustained benefit or wider patient populations.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32564499/", "https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1615" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "Effects of Listening to Binaural Beats on Anxiety Levels and Pain Scores in Male Patients Undergoing Cystoscopy and Ureteral Stent Removal: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.", "journal": "Journal of endourology", "year": 2021, "authors": "Ölçücü MT, Yılmaz K, Karamık K, Okuducu Y, Özsoy Ç, Aktaş Y, Çakır S, Ateş M.", "design": "Randomized controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33107329/", "https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2020.0353" ], "doi": "10.1089/end.2020.0353", "pmid": "33107329", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "citationCount": 23, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 23, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/33107329" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33107329/", "https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2020.0353" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "Binaural beats during cystoscopy or stent removal", "comparator": "Classical music and silent headphones", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33107329/", "https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2020.0353" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/33107329" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review." }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-33107329", "recordId": "pmid-33107329", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "In men undergoing cystoscopy or ureteral stent removal, binaural beats reduced pain compared with classical music and silent headphones; both sound interventions improved anxiety relative to silence.", "limitation": "The analysed procedure groups totalled 352 participants after exclusions. Procedure tolerance was less favourable with binaural beats, and results are specific to these urological settings.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33107329/", "https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2020.0353" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "Binaural Beats Reduce Postoperative Morphine Consumption in Older adults After Total Knee Replacement Surgery.", "journal": "Alternative therapies in health and medicine", "year": 2021, "authors": "Tani A, Vagheggini G, Moretti F, Del Colombo V, Lehle J, Campana S, Labate A, Tomaiuolo F.", "design": "Randomized controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32412916/" ], "doi": null, "pmid": "32412916", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "citationCount": 9, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 9, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/32412916" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32412916/" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "4 Hz binaural beats, 256/260 Hz carriers", "comparator": "256 Hz tones in both ears", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32412916/" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://daytab.com/study/rbmbb92p", "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/32412916" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review." }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-32412916", "recordId": "pmid-32412916", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "In 40 older adults undergoing knee replacement, preoperative 4 Hz binaural beats reduced first-day self-administered morphine from 11.85 to 5.75 mg compared with matched tones presented at the same frequency to both ears.", "limitation": "Pain ratings did not differ between groups. This small, single-centre trial supports an opioid-consumption finding in a specific surgical protocol, with broader effectiveness still requiring replication.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32412916/" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "Comparing binaural beats and 432 Hz music for reduction of preoperative anxiety in root canal patients: a randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association", "year": 2025, "authors": "Zaki H, Ahmed S, Rehman Qazi FU, Fatima N, Ali YS.", "design": "Double-blind randomized controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40269359/", "https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.21023" ], "doi": "10.47391/jpma.21023", "pmid": "40269359", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "citationCount": 1, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 1, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40269359" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40269359/", "https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.21023" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "Binaural beats or 432 Hz music", "comparator": "White noise and the other active audio condition", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40269359/", "https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.21023" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40269359" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review.", "trialId": "NCT06349200" }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-40269359", "recordId": "pmid-40269359", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "In 99 root-canal patients, binaural beats and 432 Hz music each reduced preoperative anxiety relative to white noise. Participants and outcome assessors were described as blinded.", "limitation": "The two active audio conditions did not differ significantly. The trial does not demonstrate a unique therapeutic property of 432 Hz or superiority of binaural beats over music.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40269359/", "https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.21023" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "The effect of alpha binaural beat music on orthodontic pain after initial archwire placement: A randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Dental press journal of orthodontics", "year": 2023, "authors": "Aly AE, Hansa I, Ferguson DJ, Vaid NR.", "design": "Randomized controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36790246/", "https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.27.6.e2221150.oar" ], "doi": "10.1590/2177-6709.27.6.e2221150.oar", "pmid": "36790246", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "citationCount": 4, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 4, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/36790246" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36790246/", "https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.27.6.e2221150.oar" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "Alpha binaural-beat music after orthodontic appliance placement", "comparator": "Music without binaural beats and no music", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36790246/", "https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.27.6.e2221150.oar" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/36790246" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review." }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-36790246", "recordId": "pmid-36790246", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "In 60 orthodontic patients, alpha binaural-beat music reduced several pain measures late in the first week after appliance placement relative to no music.", "limitation": "Pain did not differ between binaural-beat music and otherwise similar music without beats. The successful audio experience does not establish an additional beat-specific benefit.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36790246/", "https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.27.6.e2221150.oar" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "The effect of binaural beat audio on anxiety in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy: A prospective randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Medicine", "year": 2022, "authors": "Opartpunyasarn P, Vichitvejpaisal P, Oer-Areemitr N.", "design": "Randomized controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35713444/", "https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000029392", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9276398/" ], "doi": "10.1097/md.0000000000029392", "pmid": "35713444", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "citationCount": 16, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 16, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/35713444" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35713444/", "https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000029392", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9276398/" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "Binaural-beat music around bronchoscopy", "comparator": "Plain music and no music", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35713444/", "https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000029392", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9276398/" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/35713444" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review." }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-35713444", "recordId": "pmid-35713444", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "Among 112 bronchoscopy patients, the binaural-music arm showed a larger numerical reduction in state anxiety than plain music or no music, with reductions in blood pressure.", "limitation": "The abstract mainly reports within-group changes, so those numbers alone do not establish superiority over plain music. The trial was retrospectively registered.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35713444/", "https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000029392", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9276398/" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "Effectiveness of brainwave entrainment on pre-operative fear and anxiety in pediatric dental patients: a randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry", "year": 2024, "authors": "Shehani F, Samuel V, Kavitha R, Mani R.", "design": "Randomized controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38982009/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-024-00921-7" ], "doi": "10.1007/s40368-024-00921-7", "pmid": "38982009", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "citationCount": 6, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 6, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/38982009" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38982009/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-024-00921-7" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "Device-based audiovisual brainwave entrainment", "comparator": "Standard behaviour management", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38982009/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-024-00921-7" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/38982009" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review." }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-38982009", "recordId": "pmid-38982009", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "A 252-child dental trial reported reduced preoperative fear, anxiety and physiological arousal with device-based brainwave entrainment compared with standard behaviour management.", "limitation": "The device combines stimulation components. The abstract does not establish a binaural-beat-only effect, and masking, allocation and registration timing require full-text appraisal.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38982009/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-024-00921-7" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "The effects of neuromodulation through brainwave entrainment on pain in women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled clinical trial with follow-up.", "journal": "Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)", "year": 2026, "authors": "de Souza G, Daux Buffon L, Hardt da Silva R, Galassi TO, Dutra AR, Medeiros N, de Paiva BC, de Brito VJ, Nienkotter L, Baldança HDS, Goedert SH, Rezin GT, da Silva MR, de Oliveira MP, Petronilho F, Mathias K, Tiscoski ADB, Mazzardo-Martins L, Traebert ESA, Piovezan AP, Traebert JL, Caumo W, Schleip R, Bobinski F, Cidral-Filho FJ, Martins DF.", "design": "Randomized controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42116620/", "https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnag064" ], "doi": "10.1093/pm/pnag064", "pmid": "42116620", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report", "Molecular biomarkers" ], "citationCount": 0, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 0, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42116620" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42116620/", "https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnag064" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "BrainTap headset-based brainwave entrainment", "comparator": "Music therapy", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42116620/", "https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnag064" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42116620" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review." }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-42116620", "recordId": "pmid-42116620", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "In 84 women with fibromyalgia, eight weeks of headset-based brainwave entrainment produced improvements in pain and anxiety, with changes in quality of life, oxidative stress and circulating BDNF also examined.", "limitation": "Music therapy improved several outcomes as well. The abstract does not provide a consistent set of between-group effect estimates; the mixed headset intervention and protein measurements do not establish a gene-expression mechanism.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42116620/", "https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnag064" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "Effects of Auditory Frequency Stimulation on Balance and Rehabilitation Outcomes in Patients With Stroke: A Randomized Case-Control Study.", "journal": "Brain and behavior", "year": 2025, "authors": "Chen R, Jin L, Song J, Dong J, Li Y.", "design": "Randomized controlled pilot study", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40621706/", "https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70671", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12230630/" ], "doi": "10.1002/brb3.70671", "pmid": "40621706", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Clinical & self-report" ], "citationCount": 1, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 1, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40621706" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40621706/", "https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70671", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12230630/" ], "assessedAt": "2026-10-26", "registeredMaskingBasis": false }, "evidence": { "intervention": "Binaural auditory stimulation during stroke rehabilitation", "comparator": "Music during rehabilitation", "evidenceType": "Clinical or experimental outcomes", "sourceURLs": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40621706/", "https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70671", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12230630/" ], "checkedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewScope": "Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.", "discoverySources": [ "https://daytab.com/study/bmtv2256", "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40621706" ], "selectionPolicy": "Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review." }, "id": "sound-i-pmid-40621706", "recordId": "pmid-40621706", "quotes": [], "sourcePages": [], "summary": "Among 27 stroke rehabilitation completers, the binaural-stimulation group improved daily-living and depression scores more than the music comparison group. Balance measures improved in both groups.", "limitation": "The small sample and combined rehabilitation context limit causal attribution to the beats. Correlations between functional measures do not prove a brain mechanism.", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40621706/", "https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70671", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12230630/" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "title": "Effects of the Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Binaural Beat Brain Stimulation and Short-Term Training on Simultaneously Assessed Visuospatial and Verbal Working Memories, Signal Detection Measures, Response Times, and Intrasubject Response Time Variabilities: A Within-Subject Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.", "journal": "BioMed research international", "year": 2022, "authors": "Rakhshan V, Hassani-Abharian P, Joghataei M, Nasehi M, Khosrowabadi R.", "design": "Randomized placebo-controlled crossover experiment", "urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35655482/", "https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8588272", "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9153928/" ], "doi": "10.1155/2022/8588272", "pmid": "35655482", "targets": [], "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "citationCount": 13, "citationSnapshot": { "count": 13, "source": "Europe PMC", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-26", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/35655482" }, "studyDesignAssessment": { "category": "peer-reviewed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. 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The results reveal that reduced anxiety is related to increased concentration of testosterone in brain. This study may lead to ascertain a possible therapy in which sounds may be utilized to reduce anxiety in individual.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": null, "sourcePages": [ 15 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Gene expression", "Brain & nervous system", "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": "10.1007/s13258-018-0753-6", "pmid": "30414050", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30414050/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-018-0753-6", "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13258-018-0753-6" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "ii-src-76124b78a2d9", "recordId": "src-76124b78a2d9", "title": "The Effects of 528 Hz Sound Wave to Reduce Cell Death in Human Astrocyte Primary Cell Culture Treated with Ethanol", "journal": "Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/the-effects-of-528-hz-sound-wave-to-reduce-cell-death-in-human-astrocyteprimary-cell-culture-treated-with-ethanol-2155-6105-1000335.php?aid=91771" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“The current results show that in IC50 of ethanol, the frequency of 528 Hz increased cells viability about 20% and the level of ROS production has been reduced up to 100%.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“In this research the complex effects of two agents such as ethanol along with 528 Hz sound wave was studied and results of human astrocyte cell culture exposed with ethanol and 528 Hz sound wave showed that the ethanol damages reduced by the sound wave and therefore it can be useful for alcohol addicted peoples.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“The neural changes induced by alcohol consumption may be related to the disorder of signaling pathways such as protein expression and gene transcription at the cellular level. Therefore, the use of these sound waves can be useful to reduce the toxic effects of ethanol on astrocytes cells culture.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 2, "sourcePages": [ 16 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": null, "scope": "Paper", "status": "unassessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Publication-specific design or publication status remains unconfirmed.", "sources": [ "https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/the-effects-of-528-hz-sound-wave-to-reduce-cell-death-in-human-astrocyteprimary-cell-culture-treated-with-ethanol-2155-6105-1000335.php?aid=91771" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "ii-src-aecb8b44badd", "recordId": "src-aecb8b44badd", "title": "Neural Coding of High-Frequency Tones", "journal": "NASA", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19760013713.pdf" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Central Nervous System, high frequencies, psychological effects”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "‘’the resulting estimated pitch function (where the minimal discharge interval is assumed to occur at 15khz) is in excellent agreement with that psychoacoustically generated function of reference frequency 528hz which may be expected to possess the least bias’’", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 2, "sourcePages": [ 16 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": null, "scope": "Paper", "status": "unassessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Publication-specific design or publication status remains unconfirmed.", "sources": [ "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19760013713.pdf" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; 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no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "iii-src-5aaad2520e3b", "recordId": "src-5aaad2520e3b", "title": "DNA waves and water", "journal": "Journal of Physics: Conference Series", "year": 2011, "authors": "", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/306/1/012007", "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230937823_DNA_waves_and_water" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“DNA signalling is stimulated by 7 Hz naturally occurring waves on earth. Waves produced by the human brain are also in the range of 7 H z.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“The stimulation by the electromagnetic background of very low frequency is essential. The background is either produced from natural sources (the Schumann resonances [4] which start at 7.83 Hz) or from artificial sources”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“This result shows that, upon 7 H z excitation, the transmission into pure water of the oscillation of the nanostructures initially originated from DNA has been achieved.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 238, "sourcePages": [ 18 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Genetics & genomics", "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": "10.1088/1742-6596/306/1/012007", "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": null, "scope": "Paper", "status": "unassessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Publication-specific design or publication status remains unconfirmed.", "sources": [ "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230937823_DNA_waves_and_water" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "iii-src-d8da0823ac49", "recordId": "src-d8da0823ac49", "title": "Transduction of DNA information through water and electromagnetic waves", "journal": "Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1501.01620.pdf" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“In particular, it is immediately recognized the observed relevance of extremely low signal (ELS) in the phenomena under study. The stimulation caused by the electromagnetic background of very low frequency is indeed observed to be essential in order for the DNA-water system to emit the EMS. In the experiments, the background ELS is either produced from natural sources (the Schumann resonances which start at 7.83 Hz (Montagnier, A ̈ıssa, Del Giudice, et al., 2011; Nickolaenko and Hayakawa, 2002)) or from artificial sources.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 96, "sourcePages": [ 18 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Genetics & genomics" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": null, "scope": "Paper", "status": "unassessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Publication-specific design or publication status remains unconfirmed.", "sources": [ "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1501.01620.pdf" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "iii-pmid-20640802", "recordId": "pmid-20640802", "title": "Electromagnetic detection of HIV DNA in the blood of AIDS patients treated by antiretroviral therapy", "journal": "Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences", "year": 2009, "authors": "Montagnier L, Aïssa J, Lavallée C, Mbamy M, Varon J, Chenal H.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12539-009-0059-0", "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20640802/" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Electromagnetic signals of low frequency have been shown to be durably produced in aqueous dilutions of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus DNA.", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "In vivo, HIV DNA signals are detected only in patients previously treated by antiretroviral therapy and having no detectable viral RNA copies in their blood.", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "We suggest that the treatment of AIDS patients pushes the virus towards a new mode of replication implying only DNA, thus forming a reservoir insensitive to retroviral inhibitors. Implications for new approaches aimed at eradicating HIV infection are discussed.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 65, "sourcePages": [ 18 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Genetics & genomics" ], "doi": "10.1007/s12539-009-0059-0", "pmid": "20640802", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20640802/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12539-009-0059-0" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "iii-src-218662257ef3", "recordId": "src-218662257ef3", "title": "Analysis and Assessment of Gateway Process", "journal": "US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00788R001700210016-5.pdf" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“The Gateway Process is a training system for obtaining power, concentration, and consistency of the amplitude and frequency of brain waves between the left and right hemispheres to make consciousness change,”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“the entire body, based on its own micromotion, functions as a tuned vibrational system which transfers energy in a range between 6.8 and 7.5 Hertz into the Earth’s ionospheric cavity, which itself resonates at about 7-7.5 Hertz.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 6, "sourcePages": [ 19 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": null, "scope": "Paper", "status": "unassessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Publication-specific design or publication status remains unconfirmed.", "sources": [ "https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00788R001700210016-5.pdf" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "iii-pmid-19696930", "recordId": "pmid-19696930", "title": "rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates dopamine release in the ipsilateral anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex", "journal": "PloS one", "year": 2009, "authors": "Cho SS, Strafella AP.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006725", "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0006725" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“This is the first study to provide evidence of extrastriatal DA", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " D2 (DRD2 dopamine receptor)", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " modulation following", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " 10 Hz", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": null, "sourcePages": [ 19 ], "targets": [ "DRD2" ], "categories": [ "Molecular biomarkers", "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0006725", "pmid": "19696930", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19696930/", "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006725", "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0006725" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "iii-pmid-29170944", "recordId": "pmid-29170944", "title": "Deep TMS of the insula using the H-coil modulates dopamine release: a crossover [11C] PHNO-PET pilot trial in healthy humans", "journal": "Brain imaging and behavior", "year": 2018, "authors": "Malik S, Jacobs M, Cho SS, Boileau I, Blumberger D, Heilig M, Wilson A, Daskalakis ZJ, Strafella AP, Zangen A, Le Foll B.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-017-9800-1", "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11682-017-9800-1" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“All subjects underwent 3 PHNO-PET scans preceded by rTMS (sham, 1 Hz or", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " 10 Hz", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " ), on 3 separate days. Low frequency rTMS (1 Hz), targeting the insular cortex, significantly decreased", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " dopamine", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " levels in the substantia nigra, sensorimotor striatum and associative striatum.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": null, "sourcePages": [ 19 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Molecular biomarkers", "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11682-017-9800-1", "pmid": "29170944", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed randomized trial and double-blind methods.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29170944/", "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-017-9800-1", "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11682-017-9800-1" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "iii-src-c64e6046b78d", "recordId": "src-c64e6046b78d", "title": "Striatal dopamine release after prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression: Preliminary results of a dynamic [123I] IBZM SPECT study", "journal": "", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022395605001214", "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tao-Tan-8/publication/294122627_10-Hz_Repetitive_Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation_of_the_Left_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Cortex_Reduces_Heroin_Cue_Craving_in_Long-Term_Addicts/links/5a974d15aca27214056b3d1c/10-Hz-Repetitive-Transcranial-Magnetic-Stimulation-of-the-Left-Dorsolateral-Prefrontal-Cortex-Reduces-Heroin-Cue-Craving-in-Long-Term-Addicts.pdf" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Five patients with a major depressive episode (DSM-IV) underwent an acute", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " 10 Hz", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " rTMS challenge with 3000 stimuli over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during an IBZM-SPECT bolus and constant infusion protocol.", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "Data of nine SPECT investigations showed a significant reduction by 9.6 ± 6.2% in IBZM", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " binding to", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " striatal", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " dopamine D2 receptors", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " after rTMS challenge compared to baseline.", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "The reduction of IBZM binding observed after rTMS challenge is suggestive of a", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " release", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " in", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " endogenous dopamine", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " induced by prefrontal rTMS.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“dopamine modulates addiction”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": null, "sourcePages": [ 19, 20 ], "targets": [ "DRD2" ], "categories": [ "Molecular biomarkers", "Brain & nervous system", "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": null, "scope": "Paper", "status": "unassessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Publication-specific design or publication status remains unconfirmed.", "sources": [ "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022395605001214", "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tao-Tan-8/publication/294122627_10-Hz_Repetitive_Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation_of_the_Left_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Cortex_Reduces_Heroin_Cue_Craving_in_Long-Term_Addicts/links/5a974d15aca27214056b3d1c/10-Hz-Repetitive-Transcranial-Magnetic-Stimulation-of-the-Left-Dorsolateral-Prefrontal-Cortex-Reduces-Heroin-Cue-Craving-in-Long-Term-Addicts.pdf" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; 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Ultimately", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " 10 articles were included in the meta-analyses", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " . Of these, nine were single-center trials and one was a multicenter Canadian study1. Four studies took place in Germany two in Taiwan and one each in Australia, Belgium, Canada, and Israel”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“The finding of", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " positive effects of TBS on major depressive disorder", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " confirm prior meta-analyses, expand upon prior findings, and support the growing interest in application of TBS protocols for treating neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": null, "sourcePages": [ 21 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Methods & context" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41398-021-01441-4", "pmid": "34050123", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": false, "blinding": "not-applicable", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34050123/", "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01441-4", "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-021-01441-4" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; 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A double blind randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Indian Journal of Anaesthesia", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "randomised controlled trial, double blind", "urls": [ "http://medind.nic.in/iad/t06/i4/iadt06i4p258.pdf" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“study results are similar to that of some previous studies and has clearly proven that music and music with therapeutic suggestions have a definite role in the improvement on the postoperative events as this group required less rescue analgesics and antiemetics.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 17, "sourcePages": [ 51 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Methods & context" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Randomized controlled design recorded in the publication-specific design or bibliographic indexing.", "sources": [ "http://medind.nic.in/iad/t06/i4/iadt06i4p258.pdf" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "vii-pmid-11472279", "recordId": "pmid-11472279", "title": "Improved recovery after music and therapeutic suggestions during general anaesthesia: a double‐blind randomised controlled trial", "journal": "Acta Anaesthesioligica Scandanavica", "year": 2001, "authors": "Nilsson U, Rawal N, Uneståhl LE, Zetterberg C, Unosson M.", "design": "randomised controlled trial, double blind", "urls": [ "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045007812.x" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“intra‐operative music and music in combination with therapeutic suggestions may have some beneficial effects on postoperative recovery after hysterectomy”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 243, "sourcePages": [ 51 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Methods & context" ], "doi": "10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045007812.x", "pmid": "11472279", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed randomized trial and double-blind methods.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11472279/", "https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045007812.x", "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045007812.x" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "vii-src-5e9624ec353b", "recordId": "src-5e9624ec353b", "title": "Comparative Effect of Nature-Based Sounds Intervention and Headphones Intervention on Pain Severity After Cesarean Section: A Prospective Double-Blind Randomized Trial", "journal": "Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "randomised controlled trial, double blind", "urls": [ "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ali_Abbasijahromi/publication/332592617_Comparative_Effect_of_Nature-Based_Sounds_Intervention_and_Headphones_Intervention_on_Pain_Severity_After_Cesarean_Section_A_Prospective_Double-Blind_Randomized_Trial/links/5cc84bca4585156cd7bc0e1f/Comparative-Effect-of-Nature-Based-Sounds-Intervention-and-Headphones-Intervention-on-Pain-Severity-After-Cesarean-Section-A-Prospective-Double-Blind-Randomized-Trial.pdf?origin=publication_detail" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Nature-based sounds help in the compatibility with emotional stress and stimulation of relaxing reactions by diverting the listeners’ attention from anxiety, pain, and negative experiences to more pleasant one”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“The results of our study showed that using nature based sounds can reduce pain.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“listening to music was effective in reducing pain. It is es- sential to note that neither types of music are superior to others for increasing the relaxation of patients. The most important point is interesting in music (25). 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Coherence is assessed by identifying the maximum peak in the 0.04–0.26 Hz range of the HRV power spectrum, calculating the integral in a window 0.030 Hz wide, centered on the highest peak in that region, and then calculating the total power of the entire spectrum. The coherence ratio is formulated as: (Peak Power/[Total Power – Peak Power])”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“With practice, people can learn to breathe at their cardiovascular system's resonance frequency. This aligns the three oscillators (baroreflex, HR, and BP) at that frequency and moves the peak frequency from the HF range (≈0.2 Hz) to the LF range (≈0.1 Hz). Breathing at the resonance frequency more than doubles the energy in the LF band (0.04–0.15 Hz). This corresponds to the Institute of HeartMath's heart rhythm coherence, which is associated with a “narrow, high-amplitude, easily visualized peak” from 0.09 to 0.14 Hz”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“The resonance frequency model uses the mechanism of slow breathing at an individual’s resonance frequency, while the psychological coherence model adds and emphasizes the importance of the pattern and stability of vagal afferent traffic as important components of emotional self-regulation. Both approaches have been associated with increased overall HRV over time.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“There is agreement that the concept of “coherence” in the heart rate signal is observed as a peak in the HRV power spectrum around 0.1 Hz, which reflects resonance frequency of breathing and resonance in the baroreflex. The authors’ “psychophysiological coherence model” advocates biofeedback training that actually creates a maximum of HRV variability at this virtual single frequency.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“It is known that the power spectrum distribution of normal fluctuations in a healthy heart follows an 1/f pattern, characteristic of fractal signals. 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Saroka", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://doi.org/10.4236/jsip.2015.62015", "https://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=56609" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Natural and technology-based variables affecting the Schumann parameters might be reflected in human brain activity, including modifications of cognition and dream-related memory consolidation”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“The results are consistent with the congruence of the frequency, magnetic field intensity, voltage gradient, and phase shifts that are shared by the human brain and the earth-ionospheric spherical wave guide”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 15, "sourcePages": [ 87 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": "10.4236/jsip.2015.62015", "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://doi.org/10.4236/jsip.2015.62015", "https://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=56609" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "xviii-src-89d6ed0ece09", "recordId": "src-89d6ed0ece09", "title": "Physical Factors of the Historical Process by A. 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Central oxytocin pathways may serve as a potential therapeutic target to improve mood and socio‐affiliative behaviors in patients with profound social deficits and/or drug addiction.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 315, "sourcePages": [ 118 ], "targets": [ "OXT" ], "categories": [ "Molecular biomarkers" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00154.x", "pmid": "20557568", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": false, "blinding": "not-applicable", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20557568/", "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00154.x", "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00154.x" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "xxix-pmid-9924746", "recordId": "pmid-9924746", "title": "Oxytocin and Addiction - A Review", "journal": "Pyschoneuroendocrinology", "year": 1998, "authors": "Kovács GL, Sarnyai Z, Szabó G.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030645309800064X" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“OXT receptors in the CNS—mainly those located in limbic and basal forebrain structures—are responsible for mediating various effects of OXT in the opiate- and cocaine-addicted organism.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Tolerance to ethanol (e.g. hypothermia-inducing effect of ethanol) also was inhibited by OXT.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“In relation to cocaine abuse, OXT dose-dependently decreased cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion and stereotyped grooming behavior.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 265, "sourcePages": [ 118 ], "targets": [ "OXT" ], "categories": [ "Molecular biomarkers", "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": "10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00064-x", "pmid": "9924746", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": false, "blinding": "not-applicable", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9924746/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00064-x", "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030645309800064X" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "xxix-pmid-27425032", "recordId": "pmid-27425032", "title": "Signaling in dopamine D2 receptor-oxytocin receptor heterocomplexes and its relevance for the anxiolytic effects of dopamine and oxytocin interactions in the amygdala of the rat", "journal": "Molecular Basis of Disease", "year": 2016, "authors": "de la Mora MP, Pérez-Carrera D, Crespo-Ramírez M, Tarakanov A, Fuxe K, Borroto-Escuela DO.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925443916301648" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R)–oxytocin receptor (OTR) interactions exist within heterocomplexes with facilitatory effects on D2R recognition and Gi/o coupling.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Based on the current findings, the blockade of the anxiolytic effects of oxytocin by the simultaneous intra-CeA administration of raclopride can be explained by a lack of facilitatory protomer interactions in D2R-OTR heterocomplexes.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Dysfunction and/or disruption of such interactions in the central amygdala may lead to anxiety development. Restoration of such interactions may represent a new strategy for development of novel anxiolytic drugs.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 30, "sourcePages": [ 118 ], "targets": [ "OXTR", "OXT", "DRD2" ], "categories": [ "Molecular biomarkers", "Brain & nervous system", "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.004", "pmid": "27425032", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27425032/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.004", "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925443916301648" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "xxix-pmid-28728017", "recordId": "pmid-28728017", "title": "Oxytocin Mobilizes Midbrain Dopamine toward Sociality", "journal": "Neuron", "year": 2017, "authors": "Charlet A, Grinevich V.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627317306049" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Oxytocin and dopamine possess significant overlap in the modulation of life-essential behaviors. Here, Xiao et al. (2017) show that the activity of dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra is finely tuned by axonal release of oxytocin.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 13, "sourcePages": [ 119 ], "targets": [ "OXT" ], "categories": [ "Molecular biomarkers", "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuron.2017.07.002", "pmid": "28728017", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": false, "blinding": "not-applicable", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28728017/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.07.002", "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627317306049" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "xxix-pmid-30737392", "recordId": "pmid-30737392", "title": "Oxytocin pathway gene networks in the human brain", "journal": "Nature", "year": 2019, "authors": "Quintana DS, Rokicki J, van der Meer D, Alnæs D, Kaufmann T, Córdova-Palomera A, Dieset I, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-08503-8" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Three oxytocin signaling genes have been frequently implicated in human social behavior: OXT (structural gene for oxytocin), OXTR (oxytocin receptor), and CD38 (oxytocin secretion).”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Expression of the three selected oxytocin pathway genes was enriched in subcortical and olfactory regions and there was high co-expression with several dopaminergic and muscarinic acetylcholine genes, reflecting an anatomical basis for critical gene pathway interactions.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“The oxytocin signaling system may interact with dopaminergic and muscarinic acetylcholine signaling to modulate cognitive state processes involved in complex human behaviors.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 76, "sourcePages": [ 119 ], "targets": [ "OXTR", "OXT", "CD38", "DRD2" ], "categories": [ "Gene expression", "Methods & context" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41467-019-08503-8", "pmid": "30737392", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; 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These resources have been shown to be highly heritable, yet the genetic basis for this heritability remains unknown.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Here, we report a link between the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) SNP rs53576 and psychological resources, such that carriers of the “A” allele have lower levels of optimism, mastery, and self-esteem, relative to G/G homozygotes.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“OXTR was also associated with depressive symptomatology. Mediation analysis indicates that the effects of OXTR on depressive symptoms may be largely mediated by the influence of OXTR on psychological resources.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 277, "sourcePages": [ 120 ], "targets": [ "OXTR", "OXT" ], "categories": [ "Genetics & genomics", "Molecular biomarkers", "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1113137108", "pmid": "21896752", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21896752/", "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1113137108", "https://www.pnas.org/content/108/37/15118.short", "https://www.pnas.org/content/108/37/15118" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "xxx-pmid-17994268", "recordId": "pmid-17994268", "title": "Nucleotide Frequencies in Human Genome and Fibonacci Numbers", "journal": "Bulletin of Mathematical Biology", "year": 2008, "authors": "Yamagishi ME, Shimabukuro AI.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11538-007-9261-6" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“This work presents a mathematical model that establishes an interesting connection between", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " nucleotide frequencies", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " in human single-stranded", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " DNA", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " and the famous", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " Fibonacci", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " ’s numbers.", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Under these two hypotheses, it is possible to", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " predict", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " the human", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " nucleotide frequencies", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " with", "emphasis": false }, { "text": " accuracy", "emphasis": true }, { "text": " .”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“This result may be used as evidence to the Fibonacci string model that was proposed to the sequence growth of DNA repetitive sequences.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 188, "sourcePages": [ 120 ], "targets": [], "categories": [ "Genetics & genomics", "Methods & context" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11538-007-9261-6", "pmid": "17994268", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; 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a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26903384/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.02.007", "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301051116300357" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "xxx-pmid-30135663", "recordId": "pmid-30135663", "title": "The OXTR Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs53576 Moderates the Impact of Childhood Maltreatment on Empathy for Social Pain in Female Participants: Evidence for Differential Susceptibility", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry - Behavioural and Psychiatric Genetics", "year": 2018, "authors": "Flasbeck V, Moser D, Kumsta R, Brüne M.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00359/full" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“homozygous carriers of the G-allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs53576 have been reported to display more trust, empathy, and prosocial behavior and were less sensitive toward stress and maltreatment during childhood when compared to A-allele carriers.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“In A-allele carriers of rs53576, childhood trauma was differentially associated with empathy for psychological pain, which was not apparent in GG carriers.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“the present study demonstrates an association of childhood maltreatment and empathy for psychological pain which was mediated by rs53576 genotype, suggesting that the A-allele may convey genetic plasticity to environmental factors”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 16, "sourcePages": [ 121 ], "targets": [ "OXTR" ], "categories": [ "Genetics & genomics", "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00359", "pmid": "30135663", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; 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no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "xxx-pmid-26178189", "recordId": "pmid-26178189", "title": "A common oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR)polymorphism modulates intranasal oxytocin effects on the neural response to social cooperation in humans", "journal": "Genes, Brain & Behaviour", "year": 2015, "authors": "Feng C, Lori A, Waldman ID, Binder EB, Haroon E, Rilling JK.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gbb.12234" ], "quotes": [], "citationCount": 84, "sourcePages": [ 123 ], "targets": [ "OXTR", "OXT" ], "categories": [ "Genetics & genomics", "Molecular biomarkers", "Brain & nervous system" ], "doi": "10.1111/gbb.12234", "pmid": "26178189", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26178189/", "https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12234", "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gbb.12234" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "xxx-pmid-26738630", "recordId": "pmid-26738630", "title": "Polymorphisms of two loci at the oxytocin receptor gene in populations of Africa, Asia and South Europe", "journal": "BMC Genetics", "year": 2016, "authors": "Butovskaya PR, Lazebny OE, Sukhodolskaya EM, Vasiliev VA, Dronova DA, Fedenok JN, Rosa A, Peletskaya EN, Ryskov AP, Butovskaya ML.", "design": "", "urls": [ "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4704389/" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“It is hypothesized on the base of spatial distribution of the evolutionary novel A alleles of the both OXTR gene loci, that the spread of alleles of rs22542298 and rs53376 SNPs may be associated to some extant with manipulation of parental investment in humans.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 26, "sourcePages": [ 123 ], "targets": [ "OXTR", "OXT" ], "categories": [ "Genetics & genomics", "Molecular biomarkers", "Methods & context" ], "doi": "10.1186/s12863-015-0323-8", "pmid": "26738630", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 1, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": null, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed peer-reviewed research; 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A randomized-controlled trial with Cyberball", "journal": "Psychoneuroendochrinology", "year": 2013, "authors": "Riem MM, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Huffmeijer R, van Ijzendoorn MH.", "design": "randomized-controlled trial with Cyberball", "urls": [ "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306453013000024" ], "quotes": [], "citationCount": 115, "sourcePages": [ 126 ], "targets": [ "OXT" ], "categories": [ "Molecular biomarkers" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.023", "pmid": "23352229", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed randomized trial and double-blind methods.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23352229/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.023", "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306453013000024" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "xxxi-src-d5dc29829a02", "recordId": "src-d5dc29829a02", "title": "Genetic modulation of oxytocin sensitivity: a pharmacogenetic approach", "journal": "Nature", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "randomised controlled trial, double blind", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/tp2015163" ], "quotes": [], "citationCount": 67, "sourcePages": [ 126 ], "targets": [ "OXT" ], "categories": [ "Genetics & genomics", "Molecular biomarkers" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Randomized controlled design recorded in the publication-specific design or bibliographic indexing.", "sources": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/tp2015163" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "xxxi-pmid-24099859", "recordId": "pmid-24099859", "title": "Giving peace a chance: Oxytocin increases empathy to pain in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict", "journal": "Psychoneuroendochrinology", "year": 2013, "authors": "Shamay-Tsoory SG, Abu-Akel A, Palgi S, Sulieman R, Fischer-Shofty M, Levkovitz Y, Decety J.", "design": "randomised controlled trial, double blind", "urls": [ "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030645301300334X" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Israeli Jewish participants were asked to report their empathy to the pain of in-group (Jewish), neutral out-group (European), and adversary out-group (Palestinian) members.", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“Oxytocin remarkably increased empathy to the pain of Palestinians, attenuating the effect of in-group empathy bias observed under the placebo condition.”", "emphasis": false } ], [ { "text": "“This effect, we argue, is driven by the general role of oxytocin in increasing the salience of social agents which, in turn, may interfere with processes pertaining to derogation of out-group members during intractable conflicts.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 105, "sourcePages": [ 127 ], "targets": [ "OXT" ], "categories": [ "Molecular biomarkers", "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.09.015", "pmid": "24099859", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed randomized trial and double-blind methods.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24099859/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.09.015", "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030645301300334X" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "xxxi-src-ebacdf327973", "recordId": "src-ebacdf327973", "title": "Effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on empathy and approach motivation in women with borderline personality disorder: a randomized controlled trial", "journal": "Nature", "year": null, "authors": "", "design": "randomised controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-019-0658-4" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“The present study demonstrates for the first time that a single dose of OT given intranasally improves affective empathy and approach motivation in women with BPD.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 10, "sourcePages": [ 127 ], "targets": [ "OXT" ], "categories": [ "Molecular biomarkers" ], "doi": null, "pmid": null, "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 2, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "not-confirmed", "peerReviewed": false, "basis": "Randomized controlled design recorded in the publication-specific design or bibliographic indexing.", "sources": [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-019-0658-4" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; 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Although replication is warranted, these findings suggest that oxytocin administration is a promising preventive intervention for PTSD for individuals with high acute PTSD symptoms.”", "emphasis": false } ] ], "citationCount": 86, "sourcePages": [ 127 ], "targets": [ "OXT" ], "categories": [ "Molecular biomarkers", "Clinical & self-report" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.11.012", "pmid": "28087128", "paperTrustAssessment": { "score": 3, "scope": "Paper", "status": "assessed", "randomizedControlledTrial": true, "blinding": "double", "peerReviewed": true, "basis": "Indexed randomized trial and double-blind methods.", "sources": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28087128/", "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.11.012", "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006322316330670" ], "reviewScope": "Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.", "assessedAt": "2026-10-27" } }, { "id": "xxxi-pmid-24799299", "recordId": "pmid-24799299", "title": "A pilot six-week randomized controlled trial of oxytocin on social cognition and social skills in schizophrenia", "journal": "Schizophrenia Research", "year": 2014, "authors": "Gibson CM, Penn DL, Smedley KL, Leserman J, Elliott T, Pedersen CA.", "design": "randomised controlled trial", "urls": [ "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0920996414001674" ], "quotes": [ [ { "text": "“Results showed within group improvements in fear recognition, perspective taking, and a reduction in negative symptoms in the oxytocin group. 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