Motivational interviewing and intimate partner violence: a randomized trial.
Saftlas AF; Harland KK; Wallis AB; Cavanaugh J; Dickey P; Peek-Asa C · Annals of epidemiology · 2014 · Randomized controlled trial
Original publication · Original publication · Original publication
Recorded summary
No statistically significant improvement in self-efficacy, readiness to change or depression was established. Depression showed a non-significant trend favoring motivational interviewing.
Recorded limitations
Only 67% completed follow-up; modified intent-to-treat analysis of completers and lower-than-planned sample increase uncertainty.
Evidence and provenance
Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.
Study design and assessment
- design
- Randomized controlled trial
- assessment
- category
- rct
- is Randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- basis
- Randomized intervention versus referral trial; sequence details unavailable in abstract.
- sources
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
- review Scope
- abstract
- trust Factor
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- score
- 2
- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- peer Reviewed
- true
- blinding
- not-confirmed
- basis
- Randomized intervention versus referral trial; sequence details unavailable in abstract.
- sources
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
- review Scope
- abstract
- human Approval
- false
- display Crosses
- 2
- masking Roles
- participants
- Not established from accessed source.
- providers
- Not established from accessed source.
- assessors
- Not established from accessed source.
- analysts
- Not established from accessed source.
- rating Scale
- library-trust-factor/1-3
- jadad
- status
- unassessed
- score
- Not recorded
- evidence
- evidence Type
- Randomized controlled trial
- intervention
- Motivational interviewing focused on personal goals. One in-person session and telephone sessions at 1, 2 and 4 months.
- comparator
- Referral to community resources.
- sample
- Randomized intervention versus referral trial; sequence details unavailable in abstract.
- measurement
- Self-efficacy and readiness to change; Depressive symptoms
- timing
- 6 months
- trial Id
- relationship Note
- Explicit domestic/intimate-partner violence exposure in the studied population; psychological intervention is within Language scope. See limitation and quality fields; no population-wide clinical recommendation is implied.
- measured Genes
- None recorded
- pathways
- None recorded
- source Access
- level
- abstract
- source URLs
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-30T07:15:55.705516+00:00
- outcomes
- name
- Self-efficacy and readiness to change
- follow Up
- 6 months
- result
- No statistically significant difference.
- effect Estimate
- Not recorded
- uncertainty
- Confidence interval included when stated; otherwise not established from accessed source.
- primary Status
- Primary versus secondary status not fully established; see finding for explicitly identified secondary outcomes.
- name
- Depressive symptoms
- follow Up
- 6 months
- result
- Non-significant trend favoring intervention.
- effect Estimate
- p=.07
- uncertainty
- Confidence interval included when stated; otherwise not established from accessed source.
- primary Status
- Primary versus secondary status not fully established; see finding for explicitly identified secondary outcomes.
- quality
- risk Of Bias
- Provisional appraisal; see limitations, attrition and masking. No formal risk-of-bias score assigned.
- attrition
- 204/306 completed six-month follow-up (67%).
- confounding
- Random allocation addresses baseline confounding if implemented; allocation concealment and analysis details remain source-dependent.
- adverse Findings
- Adverse-event reporting not established from accessed source; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm.
- transfer Limits
- Generalizability is limited to the stated population, setting and comparator.
- jadad
- not established
- masking Roles
- participants
- Not established from accessed source.
- providers
- Not established from accessed source.
- assessors
- Not established from accessed source.
- analysts
- Not established from accessed source.
- population
- relation
- direct
- population
- Women experiencing IPV in a current relationship within the previous year.
- exposure Evidence
- Women experiencing IPV in a current relationship within the previous year.
- rationale
- Explicit domestic/intimate-partner violence exposure in the studied population; psychological intervention is within Language scope.
- transfer Limit
- See limitation and quality fields; no population-wide clinical recommendation is implied.
Topics and recorded topic scores
- key
- language:domestic-family-violence
- title
- Domestic & Family Violence
- collection
- language
- trust Score
- 2
Citation snapshot and identifiers
- id
- dv-adult-therapy-24252714
- doi
- 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.10.006
- pmid
- 24252714
- citation Snapshot
- count
- Not recorded
- source
- Not recorded
- retrieved At
- Not recorded
- status
- not-assessed
- citations By Collection
- language
- Not recorded
Complete approved library record
- publication Approval
- status
- approved-for-publication
- approved By
- Ben Korbel
- approved At
- 2026-11-01
- assessment
- AI assessed; human approved for publication
- scope
- Qualified research-library summaries. No professional clinical peer review or treatment recommendation is claimed.
- source Revision
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- retrieved At
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- editorial Audit
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- completed At
- 2026-10-31T05:11:05.655793+00:00
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- claim Check
- Headline finding/design/limitations compared with indexed abstract or accessible primary evidence; retained methods amendments separately adjudicated.
- sources
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
- applied Proposals
- None recorded
- method
- AI editorial assessment of all 130 publication records: compare identity, headline finding, design, relevance and limitations with indexed abstracts or available primary material; adjudicate retained source-supported methods amendments. This is a source-limited publication audit, not an independent full-text systematic review or a clinical guideline.
- limitations
Abstract-only records do not establish allocation concealment, complete harms reporting or full risk of bias. · No formal independent RoB 2, GRADE appraisal or numerical reconstruction of every effect was performed. · Source-access labels describe retained appraisal evidence; fuller prior appraisals were checked through their source ledgers and selected material, not independently repeated in full. · Publication counts are not independent trial or participant counts; cohort links and overlapping review evidence remain provisional. · A randomized design cross does not indicate benefit, low risk of bias or human approval. No double-blind trial is verified in this release. · No professional clinical peer review is claimed. Recommended content is limited to accurately qualified research summaries.
- study Family Id
- MI-IPV-familyplanning-306-2014
- family Linkage Uncertain
- false
- approaches
- None recorded
- id
- dv-adult-therapy-24252714
- aliases
- None recorded
- title
- Motivational interviewing and intimate partner violence: a randomized trial.
- journal
- Annals of epidemiology
- neurotransmitters
- None recorded
- year
- 2014
- authors
- Saftlas AF; Harland KK; Wallis AB; Cavanaugh J; Dickey P; Peek-Asa C
- design
- Randomized controlled trial
- kind
- Journal article
- identity Conflict
- Not recorded
- doi
- 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.10.006
- pmid
- 24252714
- urls
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.10.006 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24252714/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
- collections
language
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Clinical & self-report
- targets
- None recorded
- priority
- 1
- quotes
- None recorded
- summary
- No statistically significant improvement in self-efficacy, readiness to change or depression was established. Depression showed a non-significant trend favoring motivational interviewing.
- limitation
- Only 67% completed follow-up; modified intent-to-treat analysis of completers and lower-than-planned sample increase uncertainty.
- citation Count
- Not recorded
- citation Snapshot
- count
- Not recorded
- source
- Not recorded
- retrieved At
- Not recorded
- status
- not-assessed
- study Design Assessment
- category
- rct
- is Randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- basis
- Randomized intervention versus referral trial; sequence details unavailable in abstract.
- sources
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
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- true
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- sources
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
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- rating Scale
- library-trust-factor/1-3
- citations By Collection
- language
- Not recorded
- topics
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- language:domestic-family-violence
- title
- Domestic & Family Violence
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- annalsofepidemiology
- journal Label
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- chapter Entries
- id
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- title
- Motivational interviewing and intimate partner violence: a randomized trial.
- authors
- Saftlas AF; Harland KK; Wallis AB; Cavanaugh J; Dickey P; Peek-Asa C
- year
- 2014
- journal
- Annals of epidemiology
- doi
- 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.10.006
- pmid
- 24252714
- urls
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.10.006 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24252714/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
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Clinical & self-report
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depression
- condition Evidence
- id
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- field
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- text
- Self-efficacy and readiness to change | Depressive symptoms
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- https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
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- 1
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- finding
- No statistically significant improvement in self-efficacy, readiness to change or depression was established. Depression showed a non-significant trend favoring motivational interviewing.
- summary
- No statistically significant improvement in self-efficacy, readiness to change or depression was established. Depression showed a non-significant trend favoring motivational interviewing.
- limitation
- Only 67% completed follow-up; modified intent-to-treat analysis of completers and lower-than-planned sample increase uncertainty.
- evidence
- evidence Type
- Randomized controlled trial
- intervention
- Motivational interviewing focused on personal goals. One in-person session and telephone sessions at 1, 2 and 4 months.
- comparator
- Referral to community resources.
- sample
- Randomized intervention versus referral trial; sequence details unavailable in abstract.
- measurement
- Self-efficacy and readiness to change; Depressive symptoms
- timing
- 6 months
- trial Id
- relationship Note
- Explicit domestic/intimate-partner violence exposure in the studied population; psychological intervention is within Language scope. See limitation and quality fields; no population-wide clinical recommendation is implied.
- measured Genes
- None recorded
- pathways
- None recorded
- source Access
- level
- abstract
- source URLs
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-30T07:15:55.705516+00:00
- outcomes
- name
- Self-efficacy and readiness to change
- follow Up
- 6 months
- result
- No statistically significant difference.
- effect Estimate
- Not recorded
- uncertainty
- Confidence interval included when stated; otherwise not established from accessed source.
- primary Status
- Primary versus secondary status not fully established; see finding for explicitly identified secondary outcomes.
- name
- Depressive symptoms
- follow Up
- 6 months
- result
- Non-significant trend favoring intervention.
- effect Estimate
- p=.07
- uncertainty
- Confidence interval included when stated; otherwise not established from accessed source.
- primary Status
- Primary versus secondary status not fully established; see finding for explicitly identified secondary outcomes.
- quality
- risk Of Bias
- Provisional appraisal; see limitations, attrition and masking. No formal risk-of-bias score assigned.
- attrition
- 204/306 completed six-month follow-up (67%).
- confounding
- Random allocation addresses baseline confounding if implemented; allocation concealment and analysis details remain source-dependent.
- adverse Findings
- Adverse-event reporting not established from accessed source; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm.
- transfer Limits
- Generalizability is limited to the stated population, setting and comparator.
- jadad
- not established
- masking Roles
- participants
- Not established from accessed source.
- providers
- Not established from accessed source.
- assessors
- Not established from accessed source.
- analysts
- Not established from accessed source.
- population
- relation
- direct
- population
- Women experiencing IPV in a current relationship within the previous year.
- exposure Evidence
- Women experiencing IPV in a current relationship within the previous year.
- rationale
- Explicit domestic/intimate-partner violence exposure in the studied population; psychological intervention is within Language scope.
- transfer Limit
- See limitation and quality fields; no population-wide clinical recommendation is implied.
- study Design Assessment
- category
- rct
- is Randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- basis
- Randomized intervention versus referral trial; sequence details unavailable in abstract.
- sources
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
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- retrieved At
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- publication Approval
- status
- approved-for-publication
- approved By
- Ben Korbel
- approved At
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- assessment
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https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
- applied Proposals
- None recorded
- method
- AI editorial assessment of all 130 publication records: compare identity, headline finding, design, relevance and limitations with indexed abstracts or available primary material; adjudicate retained source-supported methods amendments. This is a source-limited publication audit, not an independent full-text systematic review or a clinical guideline.
- limitations
Abstract-only records do not establish allocation concealment, complete harms reporting or full risk of bias. · No formal independent RoB 2, GRADE appraisal or numerical reconstruction of every effect was performed. · Source-access labels describe retained appraisal evidence; fuller prior appraisals were checked through their source ledgers and selected material, not independently repeated in full. · Publication counts are not independent trial or participant counts; cohort links and overlapping review evidence remain provisional. · A randomized design cross does not indicate benefit, low risk of bias or human approval. No double-blind trial is verified in this release. · No professional clinical peer review is claimed. Recommended content is limited to accurately qualified research summaries.
- assessment Record
- id
- dv-adult-therapy-24252714
- title
- Motivational interviewing and intimate partner violence: a randomized trial.
- authors
Saftlas AF · Harland KK · Wallis AB · Cavanaugh J · Dickey P · Peek-Asa C
- year
- 2014
- journal
- Annals of epidemiology
- doi
- 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.10.006
- pmid
- 24252714
- trial Registration
- None recorded
- collection
- language
- intervention Family
- Motivational interviewing focused on personal goals.
- publication Type
- Primary intervention study
- study Family Id
- MI-IPV-familyplanning-306-2014
- family Linkage Uncertain
- false
- existing Repository Matches
- None recorded
- relevance
- relation
- direct
- population
- Women experiencing IPV in a current relationship within the previous year.
- exposure Evidence
- Women experiencing IPV in a current relationship within the previous year.
- rationale
- Explicit domestic/intimate-partner violence exposure in the studied population; psychological intervention is within Language scope.
- transfer Limit
- See limitation and quality fields; no population-wide clinical recommendation is implied.
- age
- groups
not-specified
- reported Range
- Not established from accessed source.
- youth Scope
- Not recorded
- country
- United States
- setting
- Two family-planning clinics.
- sample Size
- randomized
- 306
- analyzed
- 204
- description
- Randomized intervention versus referral trial; sequence details unavailable in abstract.
- intervention
- description
- Motivational interviewing focused on personal goals.
- dose
- One in-person session and telephone sessions at 1, 2 and 4 months.
- provider
- Not established from accessed source.
- comparator
- Referral to community resources.
- outcomes
- name
- Self-efficacy and readiness to change
- follow Up
- 6 months
- result
- No statistically significant difference.
- effect Estimate
- Not recorded
- uncertainty
- Confidence interval included when stated; otherwise not established from accessed source.
- primary Status
- Primary versus secondary status not fully established; see finding for explicitly identified secondary outcomes.
- name
- Depressive symptoms
- follow Up
- 6 months
- result
- Non-significant trend favoring intervention.
- effect Estimate
- p=.07
- uncertainty
- Confidence interval included when stated; otherwise not established from accessed source.
- primary Status
- Primary versus secondary status not fully established; see finding for explicitly identified secondary outcomes.
- finding
- No statistically significant improvement in self-efficacy, readiness to change or depression was established. Depression showed a non-significant trend favoring motivational interviewing.
- limitation
- Only 67% completed follow-up; modified intent-to-treat analysis of completers and lower-than-planned sample increase uncertainty.
- design
- type
- Randomized controlled trial
- randomization Evidence
- Randomized intervention versus referral trial; sequence details unavailable in abstract.
- masking
- participants
- Not established from accessed source.
- providers
- Not established from accessed source.
- assessors
- Not established from accessed source.
- analysts
- Not established from accessed source.
- crosses
- 1
- cross Rationale
- One cross: random allocation explicitly described; double-blinded treatment not established.
- quality
- risk Of Bias
- Provisional appraisal; see limitations, attrition and masking. No formal risk-of-bias score assigned.
- attrition
- 204/306 completed six-month follow-up (67%).
- confounding
- Random allocation addresses baseline confounding if implemented; allocation concealment and analysis details remain source-dependent.
- adverse Findings
- Adverse-event reporting not established from accessed source; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm.
- transfer Limits
- Generalizability is limited to the stated population, setting and comparator.
- jadad
- not established
- access
- level
- abstract
- source URLs
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article
- crossref Update Relations
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- recommendation Rationale
- Retain as pending candidate evidence; interpret the study design, null outcomes and access limits together.
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Bibliographic identity and abstract-level evidence extracted; full-text appraisal remains limited unless explicitly stated. · Study-family label is retained separately from publication identity; this does not prove independence from every unpublished or secondary report.
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- e73a2298b320d3bd60d0bc76a823c982d9cd4d1a9083da11753d01e76f569c3a
- claim Check
- Headline finding/design/limitations compared with indexed abstract or accessible primary evidence; retained methods amendments separately adjudicated.
- sources
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
- applied Proposals
- None recorded
- method
- AI editorial assessment of all 130 publication records: compare identity, headline finding, design, relevance and limitations with indexed abstracts or available primary material; adjudicate retained source-supported methods amendments. This is a source-limited publication audit, not an independent full-text systematic review or a clinical guideline.
- limitations
Abstract-only records do not establish allocation concealment, complete harms reporting or full risk of bias. · No formal independent RoB 2, GRADE appraisal or numerical reconstruction of every effect was performed. · Source-access labels describe retained appraisal evidence; fuller prior appraisals were checked through their source ledgers and selected material, not independently repeated in full. · Publication counts are not independent trial or participant counts; cohort links and overlapping review evidence remain provisional. · A randomized design cross does not indicate benefit, low risk of bias or human approval. No double-blind trial is verified in this release. · No professional clinical peer review is claimed. Recommended content is limited to accurately qualified research summaries.
- study Design Assessment
- category
- rct
- is Randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- basis
- Randomized intervention versus referral trial; sequence details unavailable in abstract.
- sources
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
- review Scope
- abstract
- paper Trust Assessment
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- score
- 2
- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- peer Reviewed
- true
- blinding
- not-confirmed
- basis
- One cross: random allocation explicitly described; double-blinded treatment not established.
- sources
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
- review Scope
- abstract
- human Approval
- false
- display Crosses
- 1
- masking Roles
- participants
- Not established from accessed source.
- providers
- Not established from accessed source.
- assessors
- Not established from accessed source.
- analysts
- Not established from accessed source.
- jadad
- status
- unassessed
- score
- Not recorded
- evidence
- population
- relation
- direct
- population
- Women experiencing IPV in a current relationship within the previous year.
- exposure Evidence
- Women experiencing IPV in a current relationship within the previous year.
- rationale
- Explicit domestic/intimate-partner violence exposure in the studied population; psychological intervention is within Language scope.
- transfer Limit
- See limitation and quality fields; no population-wide clinical recommendation is implied.
- intervention
- description
- Motivational interviewing focused on personal goals.
- dose
- One in-person session and telephone sessions at 1, 2 and 4 months.
- provider
- Not established from accessed source.
- comparator
- Referral to community resources.
- outcomes
- name
- Self-efficacy and readiness to change
- follow Up
- 6 months
- result
- No statistically significant difference.
- effect Estimate
- Not recorded
- uncertainty
- Confidence interval included when stated; otherwise not established from accessed source.
- primary Status
- Primary versus secondary status not fully established; see finding for explicitly identified secondary outcomes.
- name
- Depressive symptoms
- follow Up
- 6 months
- result
- Non-significant trend favoring intervention.
- effect Estimate
- p=.07
- uncertainty
- Confidence interval included when stated; otherwise not established from accessed source.
- primary Status
- Primary versus secondary status not fully established; see finding for explicitly identified secondary outcomes.
- access
- level
- abstract
- source URLs
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-30T07:15:55.705516+00:00
- citation Snapshot
- count
- Not recorded
- source
- Not recorded
- retrieved At
- Not recorded
- status
- not-assessed
- provenance
- Discovered by AI
- content Hash
- f2d3c85e04b2fac8ea1541212d2d533acbd7fdd6583c03751b743665a8fd37f4
- revision
- audit-r2-f2d3c85e04b2
- archive Entries
- None recorded
- collection
- language
- chapter Number
- 5
- topic Id
- domestic-family-violence
- topic Title
- Domestic & Family Violence
- trust Score
- 2
- evidence
- evidence Type
- Randomized controlled trial
- intervention
- Motivational interviewing focused on personal goals. One in-person session and telephone sessions at 1, 2 and 4 months.
- comparator
- Referral to community resources.
- sample
- Randomized intervention versus referral trial; sequence details unavailable in abstract.
- measurement
- Self-efficacy and readiness to change; Depressive symptoms
- timing
- 6 months
- trial Id
- relationship Note
- Explicit domestic/intimate-partner violence exposure in the studied population; psychological intervention is within Language scope. See limitation and quality fields; no population-wide clinical recommendation is implied.
- measured Genes
- None recorded
- pathways
- None recorded
- source Access
- level
- abstract
- source URLs
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24252714%20AND%20SRC:MED&format=json&resultType=core
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-30T07:15:55.705516+00:00
- outcomes
- name
- Self-efficacy and readiness to change
- follow Up
- 6 months
- result
- No statistically significant difference.
- effect Estimate
- Not recorded
- uncertainty
- Confidence interval included when stated; otherwise not established from accessed source.
- primary Status
- Primary versus secondary status not fully established; see finding for explicitly identified secondary outcomes.
- name
- Depressive symptoms
- follow Up
- 6 months
- result
- Non-significant trend favoring intervention.
- effect Estimate
- p=.07
- uncertainty
- Confidence interval included when stated; otherwise not established from accessed source.
- primary Status
- Primary versus secondary status not fully established; see finding for explicitly identified secondary outcomes.
- quality
- risk Of Bias
- Provisional appraisal; see limitations, attrition and masking. No formal risk-of-bias score assigned.
- attrition
- 204/306 completed six-month follow-up (67%).
- confounding
- Random allocation addresses baseline confounding if implemented; allocation concealment and analysis details remain source-dependent.
- adverse Findings
- Adverse-event reporting not established from accessed source; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm.
- transfer Limits
- Generalizability is limited to the stated population, setting and comparator.
- jadad
- not established
- masking Roles
- participants
- Not established from accessed source.
- providers
- Not established from accessed source.
- assessors
- Not established from accessed source.
- analysts
- Not established from accessed source.
- population
- relation
- direct
- population
- Women experiencing IPV in a current relationship within the previous year.
- exposure Evidence
- Women experiencing IPV in a current relationship within the previous year.
- rationale
- Explicit domestic/intimate-partner violence exposure in the studied population; psychological intervention is within Language scope.
- transfer Limit
- See limitation and quality fields; no population-wide clinical recommendation is implied.
- jadad
- status
- unassessed
- score
- Not recorded
- condition Evidence
- id
- depression
- evidence
- field
- outcomes
- text
- Self-efficacy and readiness to change | Depressive symptoms
- matched Text
- Depressive
- scope
- Study population or investigated outcome; not a diagnosis or efficacy claim.
- conditions
depression
- topic Trust Scores
2
- full Text
- status
- not-indexed
- retrieval Available
- false