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Trauma-sensitive yoga as an adjunct mental health treatment in group therapy for survivors of domestic violence: a feasibility study.

Clark CJ; Lewis-Dmello A; Anders D; Parsons A; Nguyen-Feng V; Henn L; Emerson D · Complementary therapies in clinical practice · 2014 · Nonrandomized sequential-group controlled feasibility study

Original publication · Original publication · Original publication

Recorded summary

Feasibility and acceptability evidence with nonrandomized allocation; treatment efficacy remains undetermined.

Recorded limitations

Availability allocation, sequential cohorts, small sample, attrition and inconsistent PTSD measurement across time.

Evidence and provenance

Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.

Study design and assessment
design
Nonrandomized sequential-group controlled feasibility study
assessment
category
nonrandomized-or-unestablished
is Randomized Controlled Trial
false
basis
Methods explicitly state availability sampling; two12-week groups conducted sequentially.
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

review Scope
full-text
trust Factor
scope
Paper
status
assessed
score
1
randomized Controlled Trial
false
peer Reviewed
true
blinding
not-applicable
basis
Methods explicitly state availability sampling; two12-week groups conducted sequentially.
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

review Scope
full-text
human Approval
false
display Crosses
1
masking Roles
participants
Attempted by using the name mind-body exercises; success not assessed.
providers
Therapist/instructor delivered known conditions; provider masking not claimed.
assessors
not established from accessed source
analysts
not established from accessed source
rating Scale
library-trust-factor/1-3
jadad
status
not-applicable
score
Not recorded
evidence
evidence Type
Nonrandomized sequential-group controlled feasibility study
intervention
Trauma-sensitive yoga appended to psychotherapy; optional modifications and no hands-on assists 30–40 minutes weekly for 12 weeks. Total sessions 135 minutes versus 120 minutes control; psychotherapy shortened 15 minutes.
comparator
Sequential usual group psychotherapy cohort
sample
17 enrolled (8 yoga/9 control);12 completed; outcomes and reactions analyzed for at most16 because one response set was unusable.
measurement
Feasibility; Anxiety, depression and PTSD
timing
12 weeks
trial Id
relationship Note
Survivor-focused mind–body intervention. Do not extrapolate to children, perpetrators, or prevention of violence.
measured Genes
None recorded
pathways
None recorded
source Access
level
full-text
source URLs

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

retrieved At
2026-10-30T08:28:43.779847+00:00
outcomes
  1. name
    Feasibility
    result
    85%of eligible women enrolled; six per arm completed.
    follow Up
    12 weeks
    effect Estimate
    Not recorded
    uncertainty
    not established from accessed source
    primary Status
    not established from accessed source
  2. name
    Anxiety, depression and PTSD
    result
    Outcomes were descriptive; study was not powered for between-group efficacy. PTSD instrument changed atweek 4.
    follow Up
    12 weeks
    effect Estimate
    Not recorded
    uncertainty
    No randomized treatment effect can be inferred.
    primary Status
    not established from accessed source
quality
risk Of Bias
Nonrandom availability allocation; sequential cohorts; small sample; descriptive outcomes; PTSD measure changed after baseline.
attrition
Six completed per arm:2/8 yoga and 3/9 control dropped out. One participant provided unusable post-intake questionnaires, leaving maximum 16 for outcomes/reactions.
confounding
Sequential cohorts and selection; yoga group had15 minutes less psychotherapy and 15 minutes more total session time.
adverse Findings
Session-level harm checks reported no physical/emotional harm. Half found questionnaires emotionally difficult; less than one-quarter rated emotions intense. Incomplete follow-up limits reassurance.
transfer Limits
Aftercare clients who completed16 weeks of prior therapy; pregnancy and conditions preventing mild exercise excluded.
jadad
not applicable
masking Roles
participants
Attempted by using the name mind-body exercises; success not assessed.
providers
Therapist/instructor delivered known conditions; provider masking not claimed.
assessors
not established from accessed source
analysts
not established from accessed source
population
relation
direct
population
Adult women survivors
exposure Evidence
Explicit intimate partner or domestic violence in eligibility or report.
rationale
Survivor-focused mind–body intervention.
transfer Limit
Do not extrapolate to children, perpetrators, or prevention of violence.
Topics and recorded topic scores
  1. key
    language:domestic-family-violence
    title
    Domestic & Family Violence
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    2
Citation snapshot and identifiers
id
dv-mindbody-25129883
doi
10.1016/j.ctcp.2014.04.003
pmid
25129883
citation Snapshot
count
Not recorded
source
Not recorded
retrieved At
Not recorded
status
not-assessed
citations By Collection
language
Not recorded
Complete approved library record
publication Approval
status
approved-for-publication
approved By
Ben Korbel
approved At
2026-11-01
assessment
AI assessed; human approved for publication
scope
Qualified research-library summaries. No professional clinical peer review or treatment recommendation is claimed.
source Revision
audit-r2-f57e81ec3549
source Content Hash
f57e81ec3549f901bbebb9f2a8550fcbb128b9dc3b05f4ed7b77f5c66363b001
source Access
level
full-text
source URLs

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

retrieved At
2026-10-30T08:28:43.779847+00:00
editorial Audit
auditor
Codex (AI)
completed At
2026-10-31T05:11:05.655793+00:00
prior Content Hash
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prior Revision
r1-ae229a688eab
prior Source
frozen-120
source Verification
id
dv-mindbody-25129883
doi
10.1016/j.ctcp.2014.04.003
pmid
25129883
fresh Metadata
Europe PMC core
metadata Retrieved
true
metadata SHA256
0436a82b34e76471f7d9c26a02f6391ef4673478d4e3ac8acabb9d6677485ac8
claim Check
Headline finding/design/limitations compared with indexed abstract or accessible primary evidence; retained methods amendments separately adjudicated.
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/

applied Proposals

methods-mindbody/proposed-fields.json

method
AI editorial assessment of all 130 publication records: compare identity, headline finding, design, relevance and limitations with indexed abstracts or available primary material; adjudicate retained source-supported methods amendments. This is a source-limited publication audit, not an independent full-text systematic review or a clinical guideline.
limitations

Abstract-only records do not establish allocation concealment, complete harms reporting or full risk of bias. · No formal independent RoB 2, GRADE appraisal or numerical reconstruction of every effect was performed. · Source-access labels describe retained appraisal evidence; fuller prior appraisals were checked through their source ledgers and selected material, not independently repeated in full. · Publication counts are not independent trial or participant counts; cohort links and overlapping review evidence remain provisional. · A randomized design cross does not indicate benefit, low risk of bias or human approval. No double-blind trial is verified in this release. · No professional clinical peer review is claimed. Recommended content is limited to accurately qualified research summaries.

study Family Id
Clark-NguyenFeng-adjunct-yoga-program
family Linkage Uncertain
true
approaches
None recorded
id
dv-mindbody-25129883
aliases
None recorded
title
Trauma-sensitive yoga as an adjunct mental health treatment in group therapy for survivors of domestic violence: a feasibility study.
journal
Complementary therapies in clinical practice
neurotransmitters
None recorded
year
2014
authors
Clark CJ; Lewis-Dmello A; Anders D; Parsons A; Nguyen-Feng V; Henn L; Emerson D
design
Nonrandomized sequential-group controlled feasibility study
kind
Journal article
identity Conflict
Not recorded
doi
10.1016/j.ctcp.2014.04.003
pmid
25129883
urls

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2014.04.003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

collections

language

categories

Clinical & self-report · Methods & context

targets
None recorded
priority
1
quotes
None recorded
summary
Feasibility and acceptability evidence with nonrandomized allocation; treatment efficacy remains undetermined.
limitation
Availability allocation, sequential cohorts, small sample, attrition and inconsistent PTSD measurement across time.
citation Count
Not recorded
citation Snapshot
count
Not recorded
source
Not recorded
retrieved At
Not recorded
status
not-assessed
study Design Assessment
category
nonrandomized-or-unestablished
is Randomized Controlled Trial
false
basis
Methods explicitly state availability sampling; two12-week groups conducted sequentially.
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

review Scope
full-text
paper Trust Assessment
scope
Paper
status
assessed
score
1
randomized Controlled Trial
false
peer Reviewed
true
blinding
not-applicable
basis
Methods explicitly state availability sampling; two12-week groups conducted sequentially.
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

review Scope
full-text
human Approval
false
display Crosses
1
masking Roles
participants
Attempted by using the name mind-body exercises; success not assessed.
providers
Therapist/instructor delivered known conditions; provider masking not claimed.
assessors
not established from accessed source
analysts
not established from accessed source
rating Scale
library-trust-factor/1-3
citations By Collection
language
Not recorded
topics
  1. key
    language:domestic-family-violence
    title
    Domestic & Family Violence
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    2
journal Key
complementarytherapiesinclinicalpractice
journal Label
Complementary therapies in clinical practice
chapter Entries
  1. id
    language-dv-dv-mindbody-25129883
    aliases
    None recorded
    title
    Trauma-sensitive yoga as an adjunct mental health treatment in group therapy for survivors of domestic violence: a feasibility study.
    authors
    Clark CJ; Lewis-Dmello A; Anders D; Parsons A; Nguyen-Feng V; Henn L; Emerson D
    year
    2014
    journal
    Complementary therapies in clinical practice
    doi
    10.1016/j.ctcp.2014.04.003
    pmid
    25129883
    urls

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2014.04.003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

    collections

    language

    categories

    Clinical & self-report · Methods & context

    targets
    None recorded
    neurotransmitters
    None recorded
    conditions

    anxiety · ptsd · depression

    condition Evidence
    1. id
      anxiety
      evidence
      1. field
        outcomes
        text
        Feasibility | Anxiety, depression and PTSD
        matched Text
        Anxiety
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      Study population or investigated outcome; not a diagnosis or efficacy claim.
    2. id
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        Feasibility | Anxiety, depression and PTSD
        matched Text
        PTSD
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      Study population or investigated outcome; not a diagnosis or efficacy claim.
    3. id
      depression
      evidence
      1. field
        outcomes
        text
        Feasibility | Anxiety, depression and PTSD
        matched Text
        depression
      scope
      Study population or investigated outcome; not a diagnosis or efficacy claim.
    age Groups

    adults

    age Population
    record Id
    dv-mindbody-25129883
    collections

    language

    groups

    adults

    reported Ages
    Eligibility≥18; average 43 years.
    youth Scope
    Not recorded
    youth Source Note
    Adult aftercare participants only.
    source URL
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/
    basis Type
    source-limited-ai-editorial-assessment
    classification Note
    Original age terms: adult. Programme targets or possible eligibility are not counted as observed ages.
    community Matches
    1. category Id
      domestic-violence
      relation
      direct
    kind
    Journal article
    design
    Nonrandomized sequential-group controlled feasibility study
    origin
    approved-dv-20261101
    priority
    1
    quotes
    None recorded
    finding
    Feasibility and acceptability evidence with nonrandomized allocation; treatment efficacy remains undetermined.
    summary
    Feasibility and acceptability evidence with nonrandomized allocation; treatment efficacy remains undetermined.
    limitation
    Availability allocation, sequential cohorts, small sample, attrition and inconsistent PTSD measurement across time.
    evidence
    evidence Type
    Nonrandomized sequential-group controlled feasibility study
    intervention
    Trauma-sensitive yoga appended to psychotherapy; optional modifications and no hands-on assists 30–40 minutes weekly for 12 weeks. Total sessions 135 minutes versus 120 minutes control; psychotherapy shortened 15 minutes.
    comparator
    Sequential usual group psychotherapy cohort
    sample
    17 enrolled (8 yoga/9 control);12 completed; outcomes and reactions analyzed for at most16 because one response set was unusable.
    measurement
    Feasibility; Anxiety, depression and PTSD
    timing
    12 weeks
    trial Id
    relationship Note
    Survivor-focused mind–body intervention. Do not extrapolate to children, perpetrators, or prevention of violence.
    measured Genes
    None recorded
    pathways
    None recorded
    source Access
    level
    full-text
    source URLs

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

    retrieved At
    2026-10-30T08:28:43.779847+00:00
    outcomes
    1. name
      Feasibility
      result
      85%of eligible women enrolled; six per arm completed.
      follow Up
      12 weeks
      effect Estimate
      Not recorded
      uncertainty
      not established from accessed source
      primary Status
      not established from accessed source
    2. name
      Anxiety, depression and PTSD
      result
      Outcomes were descriptive; study was not powered for between-group efficacy. PTSD instrument changed atweek 4.
      follow Up
      12 weeks
      effect Estimate
      Not recorded
      uncertainty
      No randomized treatment effect can be inferred.
      primary Status
      not established from accessed source
    quality
    risk Of Bias
    Nonrandom availability allocation; sequential cohorts; small sample; descriptive outcomes; PTSD measure changed after baseline.
    attrition
    Six completed per arm:2/8 yoga and 3/9 control dropped out. One participant provided unusable post-intake questionnaires, leaving maximum 16 for outcomes/reactions.
    confounding
    Sequential cohorts and selection; yoga group had15 minutes less psychotherapy and 15 minutes more total session time.
    adverse Findings
    Session-level harm checks reported no physical/emotional harm. Half found questionnaires emotionally difficult; less than one-quarter rated emotions intense. Incomplete follow-up limits reassurance.
    transfer Limits
    Aftercare clients who completed16 weeks of prior therapy; pregnancy and conditions preventing mild exercise excluded.
    jadad
    not applicable
    masking Roles
    participants
    Attempted by using the name mind-body exercises; success not assessed.
    providers
    Therapist/instructor delivered known conditions; provider masking not claimed.
    assessors
    not established from accessed source
    analysts
    not established from accessed source
    population
    relation
    direct
    population
    Adult women survivors
    exposure Evidence
    Explicit intimate partner or domestic violence in eligibility or report.
    rationale
    Survivor-focused mind–body intervention.
    transfer Limit
    Do not extrapolate to children, perpetrators, or prevention of violence.
    study Design Assessment
    category
    nonrandomized-or-unestablished
    is Randomized Controlled Trial
    false
    basis
    Methods explicitly state availability sampling; two12-week groups conducted sequentially.
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

    review Scope
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    Paper
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    assessed
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    1
    randomized Controlled Trial
    false
    peer Reviewed
    true
    blinding
    not-applicable
    basis
    Methods explicitly state availability sampling; two12-week groups conducted sequentially.
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

    review Scope
    full-text
    human Approval
    false
    display Crosses
    1
    masking Roles
    participants
    Attempted by using the name mind-body exercises; success not assessed.
    providers
    Therapist/instructor delivered known conditions; provider masking not claimed.
    assessors
    not established from accessed source
    analysts
    not established from accessed source
    rating Scale
    library-trust-factor/1-3
    jadad
    status
    not-applicable
    score
    Not recorded
    citation Snapshot
    count
    Not recorded
    source
    Not recorded
    retrieved At
    Not recorded
    status
    not-assessed
    citation Count
    Not recorded
    publication Approval
    status
    approved-for-publication
    approved By
    Ben Korbel
    approved At
    2026-11-01
    assessment
    AI assessed; human approved for publication
    scope
    Qualified research-library summaries. No professional clinical peer review or treatment recommendation is claimed.
    source Revision
    audit-r2-f57e81ec3549
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    retrieved At
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    study Family Id
    Clark-NguyenFeng-adjunct-yoga-program
    family Linkage Uncertain
    true
    approaches
    None recorded
    record Id
    dv-mindbody-25129883
    source Pages
    None recorded
    editorial Audit
    auditor
    Codex (AI)
    completed At
    2026-10-31T05:11:05.655793+00:00
    prior Content Hash
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    id
    dv-mindbody-25129883
    doi
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    Europe PMC core
    metadata Retrieved
    true
    metadata SHA256
    0436a82b34e76471f7d9c26a02f6391ef4673478d4e3ac8acabb9d6677485ac8
    claim Check
    Headline finding/design/limitations compared with indexed abstract or accessible primary evidence; retained methods amendments separately adjudicated.
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/

    applied Proposals

    methods-mindbody/proposed-fields.json

    method
    AI editorial assessment of all 130 publication records: compare identity, headline finding, design, relevance and limitations with indexed abstracts or available primary material; adjudicate retained source-supported methods amendments. This is a source-limited publication audit, not an independent full-text systematic review or a clinical guideline.
    limitations

    Abstract-only records do not establish allocation concealment, complete harms reporting or full risk of bias. · No formal independent RoB 2, GRADE appraisal or numerical reconstruction of every effect was performed. · Source-access labels describe retained appraisal evidence; fuller prior appraisals were checked through their source ledgers and selected material, not independently repeated in full. · Publication counts are not independent trial or participant counts; cohort links and overlapping review evidence remain provisional. · A randomized design cross does not indicate benefit, low risk of bias or human approval. No double-blind trial is verified in this release. · No professional clinical peer review is claimed. Recommended content is limited to accurately qualified research summaries.

    assessment Record
    id
    dv-mindbody-25129883
    title
    Trauma-sensitive yoga as an adjunct mental health treatment in group therapy for survivors of domestic violence: a feasibility study.
    authors

    Clark CJ · Lewis-Dmello A · Anders D · Parsons A · Nguyen-Feng V · Henn L · Emerson D

    year
    2014
    journal
    Complementary therapies in clinical practice
    doi
    10.1016/j.ctcp.2014.04.003
    pmid
    25129883
    trial Registration
    None recorded
    collection
    language
    intervention Family
    Trauma-sensitive yoga adjunct
    publication Type
    Primary study
    study Family Id
    Clark-NguyenFeng-adjunct-yoga-program
    family Linkage Uncertain
    true
    existing Repository Matches
    None recorded
    relevance
    relation
    direct
    population
    Adult women survivors
    exposure Evidence
    Explicit intimate partner or domestic violence in eligibility or report.
    rationale
    Survivor-focused mind–body intervention.
    transfer Limit
    Do not extrapolate to children, perpetrators, or prevention of violence.
    age
    groups

    adult

    reported Range
    Eligibility≥18; average 43 years.
    youth Scope
    Adult aftercare participants only.
    country
    United States
    setting
    Domestic Abuse Project, Minneapolis; aftercare group psychotherapy
    sample Size
    randomized
    0
    analyzed
    Not recorded
    description
    17 enrolled (8 yoga/9 control);12 completed; outcomes and reactions analyzed for at most16 because one response set was unusable.
    intervention
    description
    Trauma-sensitive yoga appended to psychotherapy; optional modifications and no hands-on assists
    dose
    30–40 minutes weekly for 12 weeks. Total sessions 135 minutes versus 120 minutes control; psychotherapy shortened 15 minutes.
    provider
    Certified yoga instructor trained in trauma-sensitive yoga; same therapist led both psychotherapy groups
    comparator
    Sequential usual group psychotherapy cohort
    outcomes
    1. name
      Feasibility
      result
      85%of eligible women enrolled; six per arm completed.
      follow Up
      12 weeks
      effect Estimate
      Not recorded
      uncertainty
      not established from accessed source
      primary Status
      not established from accessed source
    2. name
      Anxiety, depression and PTSD
      result
      Outcomes were descriptive; study was not powered for between-group efficacy. PTSD instrument changed atweek 4.
      follow Up
      12 weeks
      effect Estimate
      Not recorded
      uncertainty
      No randomized treatment effect can be inferred.
      primary Status
      not established from accessed source
    finding
    Feasibility and acceptability evidence with nonrandomized allocation; treatment efficacy remains undetermined.
    limitation
    Availability allocation, sequential cohorts, small sample, attrition and inconsistent PTSD measurement across time.
    design
    type
    Nonrandomized sequential-group controlled feasibility study
    randomization Evidence
    Methods explicitly state availability sampling; two12-week groups conducted sequentially.
    masking
    participants
    Attempted by using the name mind-body exercises; success not assessed.
    providers
    Therapist/instructor delivered known conditions; provider masking not claimed.
    assessors
    not established from accessed source
    analysts
    not established from accessed source
    crosses
    0
    cross Rationale
    No randomization. Calling exercises mind-body was an attempted participant masking strategy, not proof of successful blinding.
    quality
    risk Of Bias
    Nonrandom availability allocation; sequential cohorts; small sample; descriptive outcomes; PTSD measure changed after baseline.
    attrition
    Six completed per arm:2/8 yoga and 3/9 control dropped out. One participant provided unusable post-intake questionnaires, leaving maximum 16 for outcomes/reactions.
    confounding
    Sequential cohorts and selection; yoga group had15 minutes less psychotherapy and 15 minutes more total session time.
    adverse Findings
    Session-level harm checks reported no physical/emotional harm. Half found questionnaires emotionally difficult; less than one-quarter rated emotions intense. Incomplete follow-up limits reassurance.
    transfer Limits
    Aftercare clients who completed16 weeks of prior therapy; pregnancy and conditions preventing mild exercise excluded.
    jadad
    not applicable
    access
    level
    full-text
    source URLs

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

    retrieved At
    2026-10-30T08:28:43.779847+00:00
    sources
    1. url
      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/
      type
      primary publication or PubMed record
      retrieved At
      2026-10-30T07:30:54.246430+00:00
      identity Verified
      true
      notes
      Bibliographic identity and stated extraction checked.
    2. url
      https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode
      type
      NCBI PMC author manuscript through public BioC API
      retrieved At
      2026-10-30T08:28:43.779847+00:00
      identity Verified
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    publication Status
    status
    published
    correction Retraction Check
    Accessed primary/index record; no systematic retraction-database audit.
    uncertainty
    Publication status may change.
    recommendation Rationale
    Relevant candidate for human appraisal; evidence strength and access limits remain explicit.
    review
    status
    pending
    reviewer
    Not recorded
    assessment Status
    assessed
    assessment Notes

    Full PMC text encountered a browser challenge. Possible companion Nguyen-Feng 2019; family link awaiting confirmation. · Grouped conservatively as a likely shared service program; exact cohort overlap remains unverified. · This paper explicitly mentions an ancillary therapist-perspective study accompanying the pilot. It strengthens, but does not by itself conclusively identify, the proposed Clark/Nguyen-Feng program linkage. · No new trial or publication added.

    research Lane
    mindbody
    review Ready
    true
    review Readiness
    ai-editorial-audit-complete-release-pending
    later Review Evidence
    id
    dv-mindbody-25129883
    title
    Trauma-sensitive yoga as an adjunct mental health treatment in group therapy for survivors of domestic violence: a feasibility study.
    prior Revision
    r1-ae229a688eab
    prior Content Hash
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    true
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    ready-with-access-limits
    finding
    Feasibility evidence; efficacy and allocation method not established from abstract.
    limitation
    Very small controlled feasibility study with attrition.
    adverse Findings
    No harm reported by respondents; incomplete follow-up limits reassurance.
    crosses
    0
    access
    abstract
    action
    supplement
    hold Current Revision
    false
    cross Verification On Hold
    false
    new Evidence
    Full methods describe allocation according to availability into sequential groups, not verified randomization. Five of 17 participants were lost and the PTSD instrument changed.
    revised Interpretation
    Retain feasibility-only interpretation and zero trial crosses. No efficacy conclusion follows from this very small nonrandom comparison.
    required Before Approval
    No new hold on the conservative finding; review the clarified allocation/measurement limitations.
    source URLs

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

    source Location
    Methods and feasibility results
    assessment Changed
    false
    human Approval
    false
    publication Recommendation
    status
    recommended-summary
    reason
    Suitable as a qualified research-library summary at the stated source-access level. This is not a conclusion that the intervention is effective or safe.
    scope
    Research summary only; no treatment recommendation
    human Release Approval
    false
    editorial Audit
    auditor
    Codex (AI)
    completed At
    2026-10-31T05:11:05.655793+00:00
    prior Content Hash
    ae229a688eabc833d7c336fa7eb38b3ee8075f45df39758c7e39c4c9b1fc901e
    prior Revision
    r1-ae229a688eab
    prior Source
    frozen-120
    source Verification
    id
    dv-mindbody-25129883
    doi
    10.1016/j.ctcp.2014.04.003
    pmid
    25129883
    fresh Metadata
    Europe PMC core
    metadata Retrieved
    true
    metadata SHA256
    0436a82b34e76471f7d9c26a02f6391ef4673478d4e3ac8acabb9d6677485ac8
    claim Check
    Headline finding/design/limitations compared with indexed abstract or accessible primary evidence; retained methods amendments separately adjudicated.
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/

    applied Proposals

    methods-mindbody/proposed-fields.json

    method
    AI editorial assessment of all 130 publication records: compare identity, headline finding, design, relevance and limitations with indexed abstracts or available primary material; adjudicate retained source-supported methods amendments. This is a source-limited publication audit, not an independent full-text systematic review or a clinical guideline.
    limitations

    Abstract-only records do not establish allocation concealment, complete harms reporting or full risk of bias. · No formal independent RoB 2, GRADE appraisal or numerical reconstruction of every effect was performed. · Source-access labels describe retained appraisal evidence; fuller prior appraisals were checked through their source ledgers and selected material, not independently repeated in full. · Publication counts are not independent trial or participant counts; cohort links and overlapping review evidence remain provisional. · A randomized design cross does not indicate benefit, low risk of bias or human approval. No double-blind trial is verified in this release. · No professional clinical peer review is claimed. Recommended content is limited to accurately qualified research summaries.

    study Design Assessment
    category
    nonrandomized-or-unestablished
    is Randomized Controlled Trial
    false
    basis
    Methods explicitly state availability sampling; two12-week groups conducted sequentially.
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

    review Scope
    full-text
    paper Trust Assessment
    scope
    Paper
    status
    assessed
    score
    1
    randomized Controlled Trial
    false
    peer Reviewed
    true
    blinding
    not-applicable
    basis
    No randomization. Calling exercises mind-body was an attempted participant masking strategy, not proof of successful blinding.
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

    review Scope
    full-text
    human Approval
    false
    display Crosses
    0
    masking Roles
    participants
    Attempted by using the name mind-body exercises; success not assessed.
    providers
    Therapist/instructor delivered known conditions; provider masking not claimed.
    assessors
    not established from accessed source
    analysts
    not established from accessed source
    jadad
    status
    not-applicable
    score
    Not recorded
    evidence
    population
    relation
    direct
    population
    Adult women survivors
    exposure Evidence
    Explicit intimate partner or domestic violence in eligibility or report.
    rationale
    Survivor-focused mind–body intervention.
    transfer Limit
    Do not extrapolate to children, perpetrators, or prevention of violence.
    intervention
    description
    Trauma-sensitive yoga appended to psychotherapy; optional modifications and no hands-on assists
    dose
    30–40 minutes weekly for 12 weeks. Total sessions 135 minutes versus 120 minutes control; psychotherapy shortened 15 minutes.
    provider
    Certified yoga instructor trained in trauma-sensitive yoga; same therapist led both psychotherapy groups
    comparator
    Sequential usual group psychotherapy cohort
    outcomes
    1. name
      Feasibility
      result
      85%of eligible women enrolled; six per arm completed.
      follow Up
      12 weeks
      effect Estimate
      Not recorded
      uncertainty
      not established from accessed source
      primary Status
      not established from accessed source
    2. name
      Anxiety, depression and PTSD
      result
      Outcomes were descriptive; study was not powered for between-group efficacy. PTSD instrument changed atweek 4.
      follow Up
      12 weeks
      effect Estimate
      Not recorded
      uncertainty
      No randomized treatment effect can be inferred.
      primary Status
      not established from accessed source
    access
    level
    full-text
    source URLs

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

    retrieved At
    2026-10-30T08:28:43.779847+00:00
    citation Snapshot
    count
    Not recorded
    source
    Not recorded
    retrieved At
    Not recorded
    status
    not-assessed
    provenance
    Discovered by AI
    content Hash
    f57e81ec3549f901bbebb9f2a8550fcbb128b9dc3b05f4ed7b77f5c66363b001
    revision
    audit-r2-f57e81ec3549
    archive Entries
    None recorded
    collection
    language
    chapter Number
    5
    topic Id
    domestic-family-violence
    topic Title
    Domestic & Family Violence
    trust Score
    2
evidence
evidence Type
Nonrandomized sequential-group controlled feasibility study
intervention
Trauma-sensitive yoga appended to psychotherapy; optional modifications and no hands-on assists 30–40 minutes weekly for 12 weeks. Total sessions 135 minutes versus 120 minutes control; psychotherapy shortened 15 minutes.
comparator
Sequential usual group psychotherapy cohort
sample
17 enrolled (8 yoga/9 control);12 completed; outcomes and reactions analyzed for at most16 because one response set was unusable.
measurement
Feasibility; Anxiety, depression and PTSD
timing
12 weeks
trial Id
relationship Note
Survivor-focused mind–body intervention. Do not extrapolate to children, perpetrators, or prevention of violence.
measured Genes
None recorded
pathways
None recorded
source Access
level
full-text
source URLs

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129883/ · https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/RESTful/pmcoa.cgi/BioC_json/PMC4215954/unicode

retrieved At
2026-10-30T08:28:43.779847+00:00
outcomes
  1. name
    Feasibility
    result
    85%of eligible women enrolled; six per arm completed.
    follow Up
    12 weeks
    effect Estimate
    Not recorded
    uncertainty
    not established from accessed source
    primary Status
    not established from accessed source
  2. name
    Anxiety, depression and PTSD
    result
    Outcomes were descriptive; study was not powered for between-group efficacy. PTSD instrument changed atweek 4.
    follow Up
    12 weeks
    effect Estimate
    Not recorded
    uncertainty
    No randomized treatment effect can be inferred.
    primary Status
    not established from accessed source
quality
risk Of Bias
Nonrandom availability allocation; sequential cohorts; small sample; descriptive outcomes; PTSD measure changed after baseline.
attrition
Six completed per arm:2/8 yoga and 3/9 control dropped out. One participant provided unusable post-intake questionnaires, leaving maximum 16 for outcomes/reactions.
confounding
Sequential cohorts and selection; yoga group had15 minutes less psychotherapy and 15 minutes more total session time.
adverse Findings
Session-level harm checks reported no physical/emotional harm. Half found questionnaires emotionally difficult; less than one-quarter rated emotions intense. Incomplete follow-up limits reassurance.
transfer Limits
Aftercare clients who completed16 weeks of prior therapy; pregnancy and conditions preventing mild exercise excluded.
jadad
not applicable
masking Roles
participants
Attempted by using the name mind-body exercises; success not assessed.
providers
Therapist/instructor delivered known conditions; provider masking not claimed.
assessors
not established from accessed source
analysts
not established from accessed source
population
relation
direct
population
Adult women survivors
exposure Evidence
Explicit intimate partner or domestic violence in eligibility or report.
rationale
Survivor-focused mind–body intervention.
transfer Limit
Do not extrapolate to children, perpetrators, or prevention of violence.
jadad
status
not-applicable
score
Not recorded
condition Evidence
  1. id
    anxiety
    evidence
    1. field
      outcomes
      text
      Feasibility | Anxiety, depression and PTSD
      matched Text
      Anxiety
    scope
    Study population or investigated outcome; not a diagnosis or efficacy claim.
  2. id
    ptsd
    evidence
    1. field
      outcomes
      text
      Feasibility | Anxiety, depression and PTSD
      matched Text
      PTSD
    scope
    Study population or investigated outcome; not a diagnosis or efficacy claim.
  3. id
    depression
    evidence
    1. field
      outcomes
      text
      Feasibility | Anxiety, depression and PTSD
      matched Text
      depression
    scope
    Study population or investigated outcome; not a diagnosis or efficacy claim.
conditions

anxiety · ptsd · depression

topic Trust Scores

2

full Text
status
not-indexed
retrieval Available
false

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