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Compared to What? A Meta-Analysis of Batterer Intervention Studies Using Nontreated Controls or Comparisons.

Cheng SY; Davis M; Jonson-Reid M; Yaeger L · Trauma, violence & abuse · 2021 · Systematic review and meta-analysis

Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication

Recorded summary

Official-record outcomes favored programmes overall, but survivor-reported IPV did not; randomized-trial effects were nonsignificant while quasi-experimental effects were significant.

Recorded limitations

Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.

Evidence and provenance

Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.

Study design and assessment
design
Systematic review and meta-analysis
assessment
category
review
is Randomized Controlled Trial
false
basis
Evidence synthesis; not a participant-randomized experiment.
sources

https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177%2F1524838019865927

review Scope
abstract
trust Factor
scope
Paper
status
assessed
score
1
randomized Controlled Trial
false
peer Reviewed
true
blinding
not-applicable
basis
Evidence synthesis; not a participant-randomized experiment.
sources

https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177%2F1524838019865927

review Scope
abstract
human Approval
false
display Crosses
1
masking Roles
participants
Not established from accessed abstract.
providers
Not established from accessed abstract.
assessors
Not established from accessed abstract.
analysts
Not established from accessed abstract.
rating Scale
library-trust-factor/1-3
jadad
status
not-applicable
score
Not recorded
evidence
evidence Type
Systematic review and meta-analysis
intervention
Batterer intervention programmes Not established from accessed abstract.
comparator
Untreated controls/comparisons
sample
17 studies identified; 14 provided sufficient meta-analysis data
measurement
DV/general recidivism in official records; Survivor-reported IPV
timing
Study-specific
trial Id
relationship Note
Direct evidence concerning therapeutic or psychosocial responses to IPV, with survivor and perpetrator findings kept distinct. Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
measured Genes
None recorded
pathways
None recorded
source Access
level
abstract
source URLs

https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31359840/

retrieved At
2026-10-30T07:25:20.171273+00:00
outcomes
  1. name
    DV/general recidivism in official records
    follow Up
    Study-specific
    result
    Overall pooled benefit
    effect Estimate
    Not extracted
    uncertainty
    RCT-only pooled effect nonsignificant
    primary Status
    Not established from accessed abstract.
  2. name
    Survivor-reported IPV
    follow Up
    Study-specific
    result
    No benefit established
    effect Estimate
    Not extracted
    uncertainty
    Informant differences must remain visible
    primary Status
    Not established from accessed abstract.
quality
risk Of Bias
Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
attrition
Not established from accessed abstract.
confounding
Study-design heterogeneity, overlapping trials and review-specific eligibility limit pooling across reviews.
adverse Findings
Not established from accessed abstract.
transfer Limits
Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
jadad
not applicable
masking Roles
participants
Not established from accessed abstract.
providers
Not established from accessed abstract.
assessors
Not established from accessed abstract.
analysts
Not established from accessed abstract.
population
relation
direct
population
Batterer intervention participants with untreated control or comparison groups
exposure Evidence
The accessed publication explicitly identifies batterer intervention participants with untreated control or comparison groups.
rationale
Direct evidence concerning therapeutic or psychosocial responses to IPV, with survivor and perpetrator findings kept distinct.
transfer Limit
Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
Topics and recorded topic scores
  1. key
    language:domestic-family-violence
    title
    Domestic & Family Violence
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    2
Citation snapshot and identifiers
id
dv-reviews-31359840
doi
10.1177/1524838019865927
pmid
31359840
citation Snapshot
count
Not recorded
source
Not recorded
retrieved At
Not recorded
status
not-assessed
citations By Collection
language
Not recorded
Complete approved library record
publication Approval
status
approved-for-publication
approved By
Ben Korbel
approved At
2026-11-01
assessment
AI assessed; human approved for publication
scope
Qualified research-library summaries. No professional clinical peer review or treatment recommendation is claimed.
source Revision
audit-r2-177b717ae60f
source Content Hash
177b717ae60f42822fa4feb0ee9505c949e5dd7ebdc2323982ff01863f71f4d2
source Access
level
abstract
source URLs

https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31359840/

retrieved At
2026-10-30T07:25:20.171273+00:00
editorial Audit
auditor
Codex (AI)
completed At
2026-10-31T05:11:05.655793+00:00
prior Content Hash
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prior Revision
r1-23e2f31148a0
prior Source
frozen-120
source Verification
id
dv-reviews-31359840
doi
10.1177/1524838019865927
pmid
31359840
fresh Metadata
Europe PMC core
metadata Retrieved
true
metadata SHA256
12ad1b5baa78475938c427034e83b902e1b8f0aa4d8b3ffdb2755e460563aa0e
claim Check
Headline finding/design/limitations compared with indexed abstract or accessible primary evidence; retained methods amendments separately adjudicated.
sources

https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177%2F1524838019865927

applied Proposals
None recorded
method
AI editorial assessment of all 130 publication records: compare identity, headline finding, design, relevance and limitations with indexed abstracts or available primary material; adjudicate retained source-supported methods amendments. This is a source-limited publication audit, not an independent full-text systematic review or a clinical guideline.
limitations

Abstract-only records do not establish allocation concealment, complete harms reporting or full risk of bias. · No formal independent RoB 2, GRADE appraisal or numerical reconstruction of every effect was performed. · Source-access labels describe retained appraisal evidence; fuller prior appraisals were checked through their source ledgers and selected material, not independently repeated in full. · Publication counts are not independent trial or participant counts; cohort links and overlapping review evidence remain provisional. · A randomized design cross does not indicate benefit, low risk of bias or human approval. No double-blind trial is verified in this release. · No professional clinical peer review is claimed. Recommended content is limited to accurately qualified research summaries.

study Family Id
review:31359840
family Linkage Uncertain
false
approaches
None recorded
id
dv-reviews-31359840
aliases
None recorded
title
Compared to What? A Meta-Analysis of Batterer Intervention Studies Using Nontreated Controls or Comparisons.
journal
Trauma, violence & abuse
neurotransmitters
None recorded
year
2021
authors
Cheng SY; Davis M; Jonson-Reid M; Yaeger L
design
Systematic review and meta-analysis
kind
Review
identity Conflict
Not recorded
doi
10.1177/1524838019865927
pmid
31359840
urls

https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838019865927 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31359840/ · https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177%2F1524838019865927

collections

language

categories

Clinical & self-report · Methods & context

targets
None recorded
priority
1
quotes
None recorded
summary
Official-record outcomes favored programmes overall, but survivor-reported IPV did not; randomized-trial effects were nonsignificant while quasi-experimental effects were significant.
limitation
Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
citation Count
Not recorded
citation Snapshot
count
Not recorded
source
Not recorded
retrieved At
Not recorded
status
not-assessed
study Design Assessment
category
review
is Randomized Controlled Trial
false
basis
Evidence synthesis; not a participant-randomized experiment.
sources

https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177%2F1524838019865927

review Scope
abstract
paper Trust Assessment
scope
Paper
status
assessed
score
1
randomized Controlled Trial
false
peer Reviewed
true
blinding
not-applicable
basis
Evidence synthesis; not a participant-randomized experiment.
sources

https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177%2F1524838019865927

review Scope
abstract
human Approval
false
display Crosses
1
masking Roles
participants
Not established from accessed abstract.
providers
Not established from accessed abstract.
assessors
Not established from accessed abstract.
analysts
Not established from accessed abstract.
rating Scale
library-trust-factor/1-3
citations By Collection
language
Not recorded
topics
  1. key
    language:domestic-family-violence
    title
    Domestic & Family Violence
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    2
journal Key
traumaviolenceandabuse
journal Label
Trauma, violence & abuse
chapter Entries
  1. id
    language-dv-dv-reviews-31359840
    aliases
    None recorded
    title
    Compared to What? A Meta-Analysis of Batterer Intervention Studies Using Nontreated Controls or Comparisons.
    authors
    Cheng SY; Davis M; Jonson-Reid M; Yaeger L
    year
    2021
    journal
    Trauma, violence & abuse
    doi
    10.1177/1524838019865927
    pmid
    31359840
    urls

    https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838019865927 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31359840/ · https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177%2F1524838019865927

    collections

    language

    categories

    Clinical & self-report · Methods & context

    targets
    None recorded
    neurotransmitters
    None recorded
    conditions
    None recorded
    condition Evidence
    None recorded
    age Groups

    adults

    age Population
    record Id
    dv-reviews-31359840
    collections

    language

    groups

    adults

    reported Ages
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    youth Scope
    Not recorded
    youth Source Note
    Not recorded
    source URL
    https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840
    basis Type
    source-limited-ai-editorial-assessment
    classification Note
    Original age terms: adults. Programme targets or possible eligibility are not counted as observed ages.
    community Matches
    1. category Id
      domestic-violence
      relation
      direct
    kind
    Review
    design
    Systematic review and meta-analysis
    origin
    approved-dv-20261101
    priority
    1
    quotes
    None recorded
    finding
    Official-record outcomes favored programmes overall, but survivor-reported IPV did not; randomized-trial effects were nonsignificant while quasi-experimental effects were significant.
    summary
    Official-record outcomes favored programmes overall, but survivor-reported IPV did not; randomized-trial effects were nonsignificant while quasi-experimental effects were significant.
    limitation
    Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
    evidence
    evidence Type
    Systematic review and meta-analysis
    intervention
    Batterer intervention programmes Not established from accessed abstract.
    comparator
    Untreated controls/comparisons
    sample
    17 studies identified; 14 provided sufficient meta-analysis data
    measurement
    DV/general recidivism in official records; Survivor-reported IPV
    timing
    Study-specific
    trial Id
    relationship Note
    Direct evidence concerning therapeutic or psychosocial responses to IPV, with survivor and perpetrator findings kept distinct. Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
    measured Genes
    None recorded
    pathways
    None recorded
    source Access
    level
    abstract
    source URLs

    https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31359840/

    retrieved At
    2026-10-30T07:25:20.171273+00:00
    outcomes
    1. name
      DV/general recidivism in official records
      follow Up
      Study-specific
      result
      Overall pooled benefit
      effect Estimate
      Not extracted
      uncertainty
      RCT-only pooled effect nonsignificant
      primary Status
      Not established from accessed abstract.
    2. name
      Survivor-reported IPV
      follow Up
      Study-specific
      result
      No benefit established
      effect Estimate
      Not extracted
      uncertainty
      Informant differences must remain visible
      primary Status
      Not established from accessed abstract.
    quality
    risk Of Bias
    Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
    attrition
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    confounding
    Study-design heterogeneity, overlapping trials and review-specific eligibility limit pooling across reviews.
    adverse Findings
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    transfer Limits
    Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
    jadad
    not applicable
    masking Roles
    participants
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    providers
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    assessors
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    analysts
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    population
    relation
    direct
    population
    Batterer intervention participants with untreated control or comparison groups
    exposure Evidence
    The accessed publication explicitly identifies batterer intervention participants with untreated control or comparison groups.
    rationale
    Direct evidence concerning therapeutic or psychosocial responses to IPV, with survivor and perpetrator findings kept distinct.
    transfer Limit
    Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
    study Design Assessment
    category
    review
    is Randomized Controlled Trial
    false
    basis
    Evidence synthesis; not a participant-randomized experiment.
    sources

    https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177%2F1524838019865927

    review Scope
    abstract
    paper Trust Assessment
    scope
    Paper
    status
    assessed
    score
    1
    randomized Controlled Trial
    false
    peer Reviewed
    true
    blinding
    not-applicable
    basis
    Evidence synthesis; not a participant-randomized experiment.
    sources

    https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177%2F1524838019865927

    review Scope
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    human Approval
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    display Crosses
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    participants
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    Not established from accessed abstract.
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    Not established from accessed abstract.
    analysts
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    rating Scale
    library-trust-factor/1-3
    jadad
    status
    not-applicable
    score
    Not recorded
    citation Snapshot
    count
    Not recorded
    source
    Not recorded
    retrieved At
    Not recorded
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    not-assessed
    citation Count
    Not recorded
    publication Approval
    status
    approved-for-publication
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    Ben Korbel
    approved At
    2026-11-01
    assessment
    AI assessed; human approved for publication
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    retrieved At
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    completed At
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    sources

    https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177%2F1524838019865927

    applied Proposals
    None recorded
    method
    AI editorial assessment of all 130 publication records: compare identity, headline finding, design, relevance and limitations with indexed abstracts or available primary material; adjudicate retained source-supported methods amendments. This is a source-limited publication audit, not an independent full-text systematic review or a clinical guideline.
    limitations

    Abstract-only records do not establish allocation concealment, complete harms reporting or full risk of bias. · No formal independent RoB 2, GRADE appraisal or numerical reconstruction of every effect was performed. · Source-access labels describe retained appraisal evidence; fuller prior appraisals were checked through their source ledgers and selected material, not independently repeated in full. · Publication counts are not independent trial or participant counts; cohort links and overlapping review evidence remain provisional. · A randomized design cross does not indicate benefit, low risk of bias or human approval. No double-blind trial is verified in this release. · No professional clinical peer review is claimed. Recommended content is limited to accurately qualified research summaries.

    assessment Record
    id
    dv-reviews-31359840
    title
    Compared to What? A Meta-Analysis of Batterer Intervention Studies Using Nontreated Controls or Comparisons.
    authors

    Cheng SY · Davis M · Jonson-Reid M · Yaeger L

    year
    2021
    journal
    Trauma, violence & abuse
    doi
    10.1177/1524838019865927
    pmid
    31359840
    trial Registration
    None recorded
    collection
    language
    intervention Family
    Batterer intervention programmes
    publication Type
    Systematic review and meta-analysis
    study Family Id
    review:31359840
    family Linkage Uncertain
    false
    independent Primary Study
    false
    existing Repository Matches
    None recorded
    relevance
    relation
    direct
    population
    Batterer intervention participants with untreated control or comparison groups
    exposure Evidence
    The accessed publication explicitly identifies batterer intervention participants with untreated control or comparison groups.
    rationale
    Direct evidence concerning therapeutic or psychosocial responses to IPV, with survivor and perpetrator findings kept distinct.
    transfer Limit
    Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
    age
    groups

    adults

    reported Range
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    youth Scope
    Not recorded
    country
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    setting
    Multiple study settings; distribution not established from abstract.
    sample Size
    randomized
    Not recorded
    analyzed
    Not recorded
    description
    17 studies identified; 14 provided sufficient meta-analysis data
    intervention
    description
    Batterer intervention programmes
    dose
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    provider
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    comparator
    Untreated controls/comparisons
    outcomes
    1. name
      DV/general recidivism in official records
      follow Up
      Study-specific
      result
      Overall pooled benefit
      effect Estimate
      Not extracted
      uncertainty
      RCT-only pooled effect nonsignificant
      primary Status
      Not established from accessed abstract.
    2. name
      Survivor-reported IPV
      follow Up
      Study-specific
      result
      No benefit established
      effect Estimate
      Not extracted
      uncertainty
      Informant differences must remain visible
      primary Status
      Not established from accessed abstract.
    finding
    Official-record outcomes favored programmes overall, but survivor-reported IPV did not; randomized-trial effects were nonsignificant while quasi-experimental effects were significant.
    limitation
    Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
    design
    type
    Systematic review and meta-analysis
    randomization Evidence
    Evidence synthesis; not a participant-randomized experiment.
    masking
    participants
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    providers
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    assessors
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    analysts
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    crosses
    0
    cross Rationale
    Evidence synthesis receives no trial-design crosses.
    quality
    risk Of Bias
    Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
    attrition
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    confounding
    Study-design heterogeneity, overlapping trials and review-specific eligibility limit pooling across reviews.
    adverse Findings
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    transfer Limits
    Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
    jadad
    not applicable
    access
    level
    abstract
    source URLs

    https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31359840/

    retrieved At
    2026-10-30T07:25:20.171273+00:00
    sources
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      2026-10-30T07:25:20.171273+00:00
      identity Verified
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      notes
      PMID, DOI, title, journal and authors reconciled within the indexed source; full-text appraisal not claimed.
    2. url
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    Europe PMC publication types and Crossref relation/update metadata checked. No retraction indicator found in these records.
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    Clarifies how study design and outcome source alter conclusions about batterer intervention programmes.
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    sources

    https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177%2F1524838019865927

    applied Proposals
    None recorded
    method
    AI editorial assessment of all 130 publication records: compare identity, headline finding, design, relevance and limitations with indexed abstracts or available primary material; adjudicate retained source-supported methods amendments. This is a source-limited publication audit, not an independent full-text systematic review or a clinical guideline.
    limitations

    Abstract-only records do not establish allocation concealment, complete harms reporting or full risk of bias. · No formal independent RoB 2, GRADE appraisal or numerical reconstruction of every effect was performed. · Source-access labels describe retained appraisal evidence; fuller prior appraisals were checked through their source ledgers and selected material, not independently repeated in full. · Publication counts are not independent trial or participant counts; cohort links and overlapping review evidence remain provisional. · A randomized design cross does not indicate benefit, low risk of bias or human approval. No double-blind trial is verified in this release. · No professional clinical peer review is claimed. Recommended content is limited to accurately qualified research summaries.

    study Design Assessment
    category
    review
    is Randomized Controlled Trial
    false
    basis
    Evidence synthesis; not a participant-randomized experiment.
    sources

    https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177%2F1524838019865927

    review Scope
    abstract
    paper Trust Assessment
    scope
    Paper
    status
    assessed
    score
    1
    randomized Controlled Trial
    false
    peer Reviewed
    true
    blinding
    not-applicable
    basis
    Evidence synthesis receives no trial-design crosses.
    sources

    https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177%2F1524838019865927

    review Scope
    abstract
    human Approval
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    0
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    providers
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    assessors
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    analysts
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    jadad
    status
    not-applicable
    score
    Not recorded
    evidence
    population
    relation
    direct
    population
    Batterer intervention participants with untreated control or comparison groups
    exposure Evidence
    The accessed publication explicitly identifies batterer intervention participants with untreated control or comparison groups.
    rationale
    Direct evidence concerning therapeutic or psychosocial responses to IPV, with survivor and perpetrator findings kept distinct.
    transfer Limit
    Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
    intervention
    description
    Batterer intervention programmes
    dose
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    provider
    Not established from accessed abstract.
    comparator
    Untreated controls/comparisons
    outcomes
    1. name
      DV/general recidivism in official records
      follow Up
      Study-specific
      result
      Overall pooled benefit
      effect Estimate
      Not extracted
      uncertainty
      RCT-only pooled effect nonsignificant
      primary Status
      Not established from accessed abstract.
    2. name
      Survivor-reported IPV
      follow Up
      Study-specific
      result
      No benefit established
      effect Estimate
      Not extracted
      uncertainty
      Informant differences must remain visible
      primary Status
      Not established from accessed abstract.
    access
    level
    abstract
    source URLs

    https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31359840/

    retrieved At
    2026-10-30T07:25:20.171273+00:00
    citation Snapshot
    count
    Not recorded
    source
    Not recorded
    retrieved At
    Not recorded
    status
    not-assessed
    provenance
    Discovered by AI
    content Hash
    177b717ae60f42822fa4feb0ee9505c949e5dd7ebdc2323982ff01863f71f4d2
    revision
    audit-r2-177b717ae60f
    archive Entries
    None recorded
    collection
    language
    chapter Number
    5
    topic Id
    domestic-family-violence
    topic Title
    Domestic & Family Violence
    trust Score
    2
evidence
evidence Type
Systematic review and meta-analysis
intervention
Batterer intervention programmes Not established from accessed abstract.
comparator
Untreated controls/comparisons
sample
17 studies identified; 14 provided sufficient meta-analysis data
measurement
DV/general recidivism in official records; Survivor-reported IPV
timing
Study-specific
trial Id
relationship Note
Direct evidence concerning therapeutic or psychosocial responses to IPV, with survivor and perpetrator findings kept distinct. Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
measured Genes
None recorded
pathways
None recorded
source Access
level
abstract
source URLs

https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31359840 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31359840/

retrieved At
2026-10-30T07:25:20.171273+00:00
outcomes
  1. name
    DV/general recidivism in official records
    follow Up
    Study-specific
    result
    Overall pooled benefit
    effect Estimate
    Not extracted
    uncertainty
    RCT-only pooled effect nonsignificant
    primary Status
    Not established from accessed abstract.
  2. name
    Survivor-reported IPV
    follow Up
    Study-specific
    result
    No benefit established
    effect Estimate
    Not extracted
    uncertainty
    Informant differences must remain visible
    primary Status
    Not established from accessed abstract.
quality
risk Of Bias
Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
attrition
Not established from accessed abstract.
confounding
Study-design heterogeneity, overlapping trials and review-specific eligibility limit pooling across reviews.
adverse Findings
Not established from accessed abstract.
transfer Limits
Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
jadad
not applicable
masking Roles
participants
Not established from accessed abstract.
providers
Not established from accessed abstract.
assessors
Not established from accessed abstract.
analysts
Not established from accessed abstract.
population
relation
direct
population
Batterer intervention participants with untreated control or comparison groups
exposure Evidence
The accessed publication explicitly identifies batterer intervention participants with untreated control or comparison groups.
rationale
Direct evidence concerning therapeutic or psychosocial responses to IPV, with survivor and perpetrator findings kept distinct.
transfer Limit
Outcome source and study design change the conclusion. Pooling nonrandomized designs can overstate causal benefit.
jadad
status
not-applicable
score
Not recorded
condition Evidence
None recorded
conditions
None recorded
topic Trust Scores

2

full Text
status
not-indexed
retrieval Available
false

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