Universal Informatics · Research reading room

Phase-based treatment versus immediate trauma-focused treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder due to childhood abuse: randomised clinical trial

Noortje I. van Vliet; Rafaele J. C. Huntjens; Maarten K. van Dijk; Nathan Bachrach; Marie-Louise Meewisse; Ad de Jongh · BJPsych Open · 2021 · Single-blind randomized controlled trial

Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication

Recorded summary

Adding STAIR produced no significant advantage over immediate EMDR at post-treatment or follow-up.

Recorded limitations

No inactive control; null superiority is not proof of equivalence. Historical abuse findings do not establish care for ongoing IPV.

Evidence and provenance

Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.

Study design and assessment
design
Single-blind randomized controlled trial
assessment
category
rct
is Randomized Controlled Trial
true
basis
Outcome report states random assignment; linked protocol specifies computer-generated blocks of six/eight by site, generated independently and assigned in envelope order.
sources

https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1192%2Fbjo.2021.1057 · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

review Scope
full-text
trust Factor
scope
Paper
status
assessed
score
2
randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
blinding
not-confirmed
basis
Outcome report states random assignment; linked protocol specifies computer-generated blocks of six/eight by site, generated independently and assigned in envelope order.
sources

https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1192%2Fbjo.2021.1057 · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

review Scope
full-text
human Approval
false
display Crosses
2
masking Roles
participants
Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
providers
Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
assessors
Outcome report labels trial single-blind, but precise assessor masking was not explicitly established in accessed protocol text.
analysts
not established from accessed source
rating Scale
library-trust-factor/1-3
jadad
status
unassessed
score
Not recorded
evidence
evidence Type
Single-blind randomized controlled trial
intervention
Immediate EMDR versus STAIR followed by EMDR 16 EMDR sessions; comparator adds eight STAIR sessions; twice-weekly 90-minute sessions.
comparator
Eight STAIR sessions followed by the same 16-session EMDR course.
sample
57 STAIR–EMDR and 64 EMDR; 11 discontinued before treatment.
measurement
PTSD and complex-PTSD symptoms; PTSD diagnostic status
timing
post-treatment, three and six months; post-treatment
trial Id
NTR5991
relationship Note
Childhood interpersonal abuse may overlap family violence and informs adult trauma treatment. Eligibility included caretaker/authority abuse; not all perpetrators necessarily relatives. Ongoing physical/sexual abuse was excluded, so do not generalize to ongoing IPV.
measured Genes
None recorded
pathways
None recorded
source Access
level
full-text
source URLs

https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

retrieved At
2026-10-30T07:22:28.727073+00:00
outcomes
  1. name
    PTSD and complex-PTSD symptoms
    follow Up
    post-treatment, three and six months
    result
    No significant between-arm differences.
    effect Estimate
    not established from accessed source
    uncertainty
    not established from accessed source
    primary Status
    PTSD symptoms primary; other psychopathology secondary
  2. name
    PTSD diagnostic status
    follow Up
    post-treatment
    result
    68.8% overall no longer met PTSD criteria at post-treatment.
    effect Estimate
    Pooled proportion 68.8%; not a comparative effect.
    uncertainty
    not established from accessed source
    primary Status
    not established from accessed source
quality
risk Of Bias
No inactive control; exclusions restrict generalization.
attrition
22.8% STAIR–EMDR versus 17.2% EMDR treatment dropout.
confounding
not established from accessed source
adverse Findings
Three events adjudged non-study-related: suicide attempt admission, suicidal ideation and psychotic experiences.
transfer Limits
Adult clinical samples do not establish benefit for children or violence prevention.
jadad
not established
masking Roles
participants
Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
providers
Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
assessors
Outcome report labels trial single-blind, but precise assessor masking was not explicitly established in accessed protocol text.
analysts
not established from accessed source
population
relation
related
population
Adults with repeated childhood sexual/physical abuse and PTSD
exposure Evidence
Eligibility required abuse before age 18 by a caretaker or person in authority; whole-sample family perpetration not established.
rationale
Childhood interpersonal abuse may overlap family violence and informs adult trauma treatment.
transfer Limit
Eligibility included caretaker/authority abuse; not all perpetrators necessarily relatives. Ongoing physical/sexual abuse was excluded, so do not generalize to ongoing IPV.
Topics and recorded topic scores
  1. key
    vision:domestic-family-violence
    title
    Domestic & Family Violence
    collection
    vision
    trust Score
    2
Citation snapshot and identifiers
id
dv-vision-426ce6386119
doi
10.1192/bjo.2021.1057
pmid
Not recorded
citation Snapshot
count
Not recorded
source
Not recorded
retrieved At
Not recorded
status
not-assessed
citations By Collection
vision
Not recorded
Complete approved library record
publication Approval
status
approved-for-publication
approved By
Ben Korbel
approved At
2026-11-01
assessment
AI assessed; human approved for publication
scope
Qualified research-library summaries. No professional clinical peer review or treatment recommendation is claimed.
source Revision
audit-r2-f5ed69f7fca1
source Content Hash
f5ed69f7fca162ccd263a8f2b5ba702424e6427b4aba8a0a58eb1fdb98585e4f
source Access
level
full-text
source URLs

https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

retrieved At
2026-10-30T07:22:28.727073+00:00
editorial Audit
auditor
Codex (AI)
completed At
2026-10-31T05:11:05.655793+00:00
prior Content Hash
d1664a141f50f11b47f1e7bfe14bbe6e4a704675f8a079eaec86edde495bd1bb
prior Revision
r1-d1664a141f50
prior Source
frozen-120
source Verification
id
dv-vision-426ce6386119
doi
10.1192/bjo.2021.1057
pmid
Not recorded
fresh Metadata
Crossref
metadata Retrieved
true
metadata SHA256
3c3637aae87fde6e7cce0b854f1baf52140832174ae75e90b3abe77dab60077e
claim Check
Headline finding/design/limitations compared with indexed abstract or accessible primary evidence; retained methods amendments separately adjudicated.
sources

https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1192%2Fbjo.2021.1057 · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

applied Proposals
None recorded
method
AI editorial assessment of all 130 publication records: compare identity, headline finding, design, relevance and limitations with indexed abstracts or available primary material; adjudicate retained source-supported methods amendments. This is a source-limited publication audit, not an independent full-text systematic review or a clinical guideline.
limitations

Abstract-only records do not establish allocation concealment, complete harms reporting or full risk of bias. · No formal independent RoB 2, GRADE appraisal or numerical reconstruction of every effect was performed. · Source-access labels describe retained appraisal evidence; fuller prior appraisals were checked through their source ledgers and selected material, not independently repeated in full. · Publication counts are not independent trial or participant counts; cohort links and overlapping review evidence remain provisional. · A randomized design cross does not indicate benefit, low risk of bias or human approval. No double-blind trial is verified in this release. · No professional clinical peer review is claimed. Recommended content is limited to accurately qualified research summaries.

study Family Id
NTR5991
family Linkage Uncertain
false
approaches

emdr

id
dv-vision-426ce6386119
aliases
None recorded
title
Phase-based treatment versus immediate trauma-focused treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder due to childhood abuse: randomised clinical trial
journal
BJPsych Open
neurotransmitters
None recorded
year
2021
authors
Noortje I. van Vliet; Rafaele J. C. Huntjens; Maarten K. van Dijk; Nathan Bachrach; Marie-Louise Meewisse; Ad de Jongh
design
Single-blind randomized controlled trial
kind
Journal article
identity Conflict
Not recorded
doi
10.1192/bjo.2021.1057
pmid
Not recorded
urls

https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1192%2Fbjo.2021.1057 · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

collections

vision

categories

Clinical & self-report

targets
None recorded
priority
1
quotes
None recorded
summary
Adding STAIR produced no significant advantage over immediate EMDR at post-treatment or follow-up.
limitation
No inactive control; null superiority is not proof of equivalence. Historical abuse findings do not establish care for ongoing IPV.
citation Count
Not recorded
citation Snapshot
count
Not recorded
source
Not recorded
retrieved At
Not recorded
status
not-assessed
study Design Assessment
category
rct
is Randomized Controlled Trial
true
basis
Outcome report states random assignment; linked protocol specifies computer-generated blocks of six/eight by site, generated independently and assigned in envelope order.
sources

https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1192%2Fbjo.2021.1057 · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

review Scope
full-text
paper Trust Assessment
scope
Paper
status
assessed
score
2
randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
blinding
not-confirmed
basis
Outcome report states random assignment; linked protocol specifies computer-generated blocks of six/eight by site, generated independently and assigned in envelope order.
sources

https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1192%2Fbjo.2021.1057 · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

review Scope
full-text
human Approval
false
display Crosses
2
masking Roles
participants
Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
providers
Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
assessors
Outcome report labels trial single-blind, but precise assessor masking was not explicitly established in accessed protocol text.
analysts
not established from accessed source
rating Scale
library-trust-factor/1-3
citations By Collection
vision
Not recorded
topics
  1. key
    vision:domestic-family-violence
    title
    Domestic & Family Violence
    collection
    vision
    trust Score
    2
journal Key
bjpsychopen
journal Label
BJPsych Open
chapter Entries
  1. id
    vision-dv-dv-vision-426ce6386119
    aliases
    None recorded
    title
    Phase-based treatment versus immediate trauma-focused treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder due to childhood abuse: randomised clinical trial
    authors
    Noortje I. van Vliet; Rafaele J. C. Huntjens; Maarten K. van Dijk; Nathan Bachrach; Marie-Louise Meewisse; Ad de Jongh
    year
    2021
    journal
    BJPsych Open
    doi
    10.1192/bjo.2021.1057
    pmid
    Not recorded
    urls

    https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1192%2Fbjo.2021.1057 · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

    collections

    vision

    categories

    Clinical & self-report

    targets
    None recorded
    neurotransmitters
    None recorded
    conditions

    ptsd · trauma

    condition Evidence
    1. id
      ptsd
      evidence
      1. field
        title
        text
        Phase-based treatment versus immediate trauma-focused treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder due to childhood abuse: randomised clinical trial
        matched Text
        post-traumatic stress
      2. field
        population
        text
        Adults with repeated childhood sexual/physical abuse and PTSD
        matched Text
        PTSD
      3. field
        outcomes
        text
        PTSD and complex-PTSD symptoms | PTSD diagnostic status
        matched Text
        PTSD
      scope
      Study population or investigated outcome; not a diagnosis or efficacy claim.
    2. id
      trauma
      evidence
      1. field
        title
        text
        Phase-based treatment versus immediate trauma-focused treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder due to childhood abuse: randomised clinical trial
        matched Text
        post-traumatic
      scope
      Study population or investigated outcome; not a diagnosis or efficacy claim.
    age Groups

    adults

    age Population
    record Id
    dv-vision-426ce6386119
    collections

    vision

    groups

    adults

    reported Ages
    18–65 years eligibility
    youth Scope
    Not recorded
    youth Source Note
    Not recorded
    source URL
    https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057
    basis Type
    source-limited-ai-editorial-assessment
    classification Note
    Original age terms: adults. Programme targets or possible eligibility are not counted as observed ages.
    community Matches
    1. category Id
      domestic-violence
      relation
      related
    kind
    Journal article
    design
    Single-blind randomized controlled trial
    origin
    approved-dv-20261101
    priority
    1
    quotes
    None recorded
    finding
    Adding STAIR produced no significant advantage over immediate EMDR at post-treatment or follow-up.
    summary
    Adding STAIR produced no significant advantage over immediate EMDR at post-treatment or follow-up.
    limitation
    No inactive control; null superiority is not proof of equivalence. Historical abuse findings do not establish care for ongoing IPV.
    evidence
    evidence Type
    Single-blind randomized controlled trial
    intervention
    Immediate EMDR versus STAIR followed by EMDR 16 EMDR sessions; comparator adds eight STAIR sessions; twice-weekly 90-minute sessions.
    comparator
    Eight STAIR sessions followed by the same 16-session EMDR course.
    sample
    57 STAIR–EMDR and 64 EMDR; 11 discontinued before treatment.
    measurement
    PTSD and complex-PTSD symptoms; PTSD diagnostic status
    timing
    post-treatment, three and six months; post-treatment
    trial Id
    NTR5991
    relationship Note
    Childhood interpersonal abuse may overlap family violence and informs adult trauma treatment. Eligibility included caretaker/authority abuse; not all perpetrators necessarily relatives. Ongoing physical/sexual abuse was excluded, so do not generalize to ongoing IPV.
    measured Genes
    None recorded
    pathways
    None recorded
    source Access
    level
    full-text
    source URLs

    https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

    retrieved At
    2026-10-30T07:22:28.727073+00:00
    outcomes
    1. name
      PTSD and complex-PTSD symptoms
      follow Up
      post-treatment, three and six months
      result
      No significant between-arm differences.
      effect Estimate
      not established from accessed source
      uncertainty
      not established from accessed source
      primary Status
      PTSD symptoms primary; other psychopathology secondary
    2. name
      PTSD diagnostic status
      follow Up
      post-treatment
      result
      68.8% overall no longer met PTSD criteria at post-treatment.
      effect Estimate
      Pooled proportion 68.8%; not a comparative effect.
      uncertainty
      not established from accessed source
      primary Status
      not established from accessed source
    quality
    risk Of Bias
    No inactive control; exclusions restrict generalization.
    attrition
    22.8% STAIR–EMDR versus 17.2% EMDR treatment dropout.
    confounding
    not established from accessed source
    adverse Findings
    Three events adjudged non-study-related: suicide attempt admission, suicidal ideation and psychotic experiences.
    transfer Limits
    Adult clinical samples do not establish benefit for children or violence prevention.
    jadad
    not established
    masking Roles
    participants
    Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
    providers
    Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
    assessors
    Outcome report labels trial single-blind, but precise assessor masking was not explicitly established in accessed protocol text.
    analysts
    not established from accessed source
    population
    relation
    related
    population
    Adults with repeated childhood sexual/physical abuse and PTSD
    exposure Evidence
    Eligibility required abuse before age 18 by a caretaker or person in authority; whole-sample family perpetration not established.
    rationale
    Childhood interpersonal abuse may overlap family violence and informs adult trauma treatment.
    transfer Limit
    Eligibility included caretaker/authority abuse; not all perpetrators necessarily relatives. Ongoing physical/sexual abuse was excluded, so do not generalize to ongoing IPV.
    study Design Assessment
    category
    rct
    is Randomized Controlled Trial
    true
    basis
    Outcome report states random assignment; linked protocol specifies computer-generated blocks of six/eight by site, generated independently and assigned in envelope order.
    sources

    https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1192%2Fbjo.2021.1057 · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

    review Scope
    full-text
    paper Trust Assessment
    scope
    Paper
    status
    assessed
    score
    2
    randomized Controlled Trial
    true
    peer Reviewed
    true
    blinding
    not-confirmed
    basis
    Outcome report states random assignment; linked protocol specifies computer-generated blocks of six/eight by site, generated independently and assigned in envelope order.
    sources

    https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1192%2Fbjo.2021.1057 · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

    review Scope
    full-text
    human Approval
    false
    display Crosses
    2
    masking Roles
    participants
    Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
    providers
    Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
    assessors
    Outcome report labels trial single-blind, but precise assessor masking was not explicitly established in accessed protocol text.
    analysts
    not established from accessed source
    rating Scale
    library-trust-factor/1-3
    jadad
    status
    unassessed
    score
    Not recorded
    citation Snapshot
    count
    Not recorded
    source
    Not recorded
    retrieved At
    Not recorded
    status
    not-assessed
    citation Count
    Not recorded
    publication Approval
    status
    approved-for-publication
    approved By
    Ben Korbel
    approved At
    2026-11-01
    assessment
    AI assessed; human approved for publication
    scope
    Qualified research-library summaries. No professional clinical peer review or treatment recommendation is claimed.
    source Revision
    audit-r2-f5ed69f7fca1
    source Content Hash
    f5ed69f7fca162ccd263a8f2b5ba702424e6427b4aba8a0a58eb1fdb98585e4f
    source Access
    level
    full-text
    source URLs

    https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

    retrieved At
    2026-10-30T07:22:28.727073+00:00
    study Family Id
    NTR5991
    family Linkage Uncertain
    false
    approaches

    emdr

    record Id
    dv-vision-426ce6386119
    source Pages
    None recorded
    editorial Audit
    auditor
    Codex (AI)
    completed At
    2026-10-31T05:11:05.655793+00:00
    prior Content Hash
    d1664a141f50f11b47f1e7bfe14bbe6e4a704675f8a079eaec86edde495bd1bb
    prior Revision
    r1-d1664a141f50
    prior Source
    frozen-120
    source Verification
    id
    dv-vision-426ce6386119
    doi
    10.1192/bjo.2021.1057
    pmid
    Not recorded
    fresh Metadata
    Crossref
    metadata Retrieved
    true
    metadata SHA256
    3c3637aae87fde6e7cce0b854f1baf52140832174ae75e90b3abe77dab60077e
    claim Check
    Headline finding/design/limitations compared with indexed abstract or accessible primary evidence; retained methods amendments separately adjudicated.
    sources

    https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1192%2Fbjo.2021.1057 · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

    applied Proposals
    None recorded
    method
    AI editorial assessment of all 130 publication records: compare identity, headline finding, design, relevance and limitations with indexed abstracts or available primary material; adjudicate retained source-supported methods amendments. This is a source-limited publication audit, not an independent full-text systematic review or a clinical guideline.
    limitations

    Abstract-only records do not establish allocation concealment, complete harms reporting or full risk of bias. · No formal independent RoB 2, GRADE appraisal or numerical reconstruction of every effect was performed. · Source-access labels describe retained appraisal evidence; fuller prior appraisals were checked through their source ledgers and selected material, not independently repeated in full. · Publication counts are not independent trial or participant counts; cohort links and overlapping review evidence remain provisional. · A randomized design cross does not indicate benefit, low risk of bias or human approval. No double-blind trial is verified in this release. · No professional clinical peer review is claimed. Recommended content is limited to accurately qualified research summaries.

    assessment Record
    id
    dv-vision-426ce6386119
    title
    Phase-based treatment versus immediate trauma-focused treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder due to childhood abuse: randomised clinical trial
    authors

    Noortje I. van Vliet · Rafaele J. C. Huntjens · Maarten K. van Dijk · Nathan Bachrach · Marie-Louise Meewisse · Ad de Jongh

    year
    2021
    journal
    BJPsych Open
    doi
    10.1192/bjo.2021.1057
    pmid
    Not recorded
    trial Registration

    NTR5991

    collection
    vision
    intervention Family
    Clinical EMDR
    publication Type
    primary study
    study Family Id
    NTR5991
    family Linkage Uncertain
    false
    existing Repository Matches
    None recorded
    relevance
    relation
    related
    population
    Adults with repeated childhood sexual/physical abuse and PTSD
    exposure Evidence
    Eligibility required abuse before age 18 by a caretaker or person in authority; whole-sample family perpetration not established.
    rationale
    Childhood interpersonal abuse may overlap family violence and informs adult trauma treatment.
    transfer Limit
    Eligibility included caretaker/authority abuse; not all perpetrators necessarily relatives. Ongoing physical/sexual abuse was excluded, so do not generalize to ongoing IPV.
    age
    groups

    adults

    reported Range
    18–65 years eligibility
    youth Scope
    Not recorded
    country
    Netherlands
    setting
    Two outpatient mental-health organizations
    sample Size
    randomized
    121
    analyzed
    Not recorded
    description
    57 STAIR–EMDR and 64 EMDR; 11 discontinued before treatment.
    intervention
    description
    Immediate EMDR versus STAIR followed by EMDR
    dose
    16 EMDR sessions; comparator adds eight STAIR sessions; twice-weekly 90-minute sessions.
    provider
    Therapists supervised with recorded-session fidelity checks.
    comparator
    Eight STAIR sessions followed by the same 16-session EMDR course.
    outcomes
    1. name
      PTSD and complex-PTSD symptoms
      follow Up
      post-treatment, three and six months
      result
      No significant between-arm differences.
      effect Estimate
      not established from accessed source
      uncertainty
      not established from accessed source
      primary Status
      PTSD symptoms primary; other psychopathology secondary
    2. name
      PTSD diagnostic status
      follow Up
      post-treatment
      result
      68.8% overall no longer met PTSD criteria at post-treatment.
      effect Estimate
      Pooled proportion 68.8%; not a comparative effect.
      uncertainty
      not established from accessed source
      primary Status
      not established from accessed source
    finding
    Adding STAIR produced no significant advantage over immediate EMDR at post-treatment or follow-up.
    limitation
    No inactive control; null superiority is not proof of equivalence. Historical abuse findings do not establish care for ongoing IPV.
    design
    type
    Single-blind randomized controlled trial
    randomization Evidence
    Outcome report states random assignment; linked protocol specifies computer-generated blocks of six/eight by site, generated independently and assigned in envelope order.
    masking
    participants
    Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
    providers
    Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
    assessors
    Outcome report labels trial single-blind, but precise assessor masking was not explicitly established in accessed protocol text.
    analysts
    not established from accessed source
    crosses
    1
    cross Rationale
    One cross: randomized; article labels single-blind, not double-blind.
    quality
    risk Of Bias
    No inactive control; exclusions restrict generalization.
    attrition
    22.8% STAIR–EMDR versus 17.2% EMDR treatment dropout.
    confounding
    not established from accessed source
    adverse Findings
    Three events adjudged non-study-related: suicide attempt admission, suicidal ideation and psychotic experiences.
    transfer Limits
    Adult clinical samples do not establish benefit for children or violence prevention.
    jadad
    not established
    access
    level
    full-text
    source URLs

    https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

    retrieved At
    2026-10-30T07:22:28.727073+00:00
    sources
    1. url
      https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057
      type
      bibliographic/primary abstract
      retrieved At
      2026-10-30T07:22:28.727073+00:00
      identity Verified
      true
      notes
      Title, DOI and authors reconciled across primary abstract or publisher-deposited metadata.
    2. url
      https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML
      type
      primary full text
      retrieved At
      2026-10-30T07:22:28.727073+00:00
      identity Verified
      true
      notes
      Source directly inspected for the extracted claims.
    3. url
      https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1192%2Fbjo.2021.1057
      type
      publisher-deposited Crossref status metadata
      retrieved At
      2026-10-30T07:26:52.754306+00:00
      identity Verified
      true
      notes
      Title/authors/DOI matched; update-to and relation fields checked.
    4. url
      https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8
      type
      linked primary study protocol
      retrieved At
      2026-10-30T07:31:51.442225+00:00
      identity Verified
      true
      notes
      Same NTR5991 family; allocation procedure and exposure criteria verified.
    publication Status
    status
    published
    correction Retraction Check
    Crossref publisher-deposited update-to and relation fields were empty on 30 October 2026; no correction/retraction notice was identified in accessed metadata. This limited check cannot exclude unlinked notices.
    uncertainty
    Publisher update links and future notices require checking before final approval.
    recommendation Rationale
    Retain as pending evidence for human review, with design and source-access limits visible.
    review
    status
    pending
    reviewer
    Not recorded
    assessment Status
    assessed
    assessment Notes

    Clinical EMDR evidence concerns a therapist-delivered multicomponent treatment; it does not isolate eye movements or validate standalone audiovisual content.

    research Lane
    vision
    review Ready
    true
    review Readiness
    ai-editorial-audit-complete-release-pending
    publication Recommendation
    status
    recommended-summary
    reason
    Suitable as a qualified research-library summary at the stated source-access level. This is not a conclusion that the intervention is effective or safe.
    scope
    Research summary only; no treatment recommendation
    human Release Approval
    false
    editorial Audit
    auditor
    Codex (AI)
    completed At
    2026-10-31T05:11:05.655793+00:00
    prior Content Hash
    d1664a141f50f11b47f1e7bfe14bbe6e4a704675f8a079eaec86edde495bd1bb
    prior Revision
    r1-d1664a141f50
    prior Source
    frozen-120
    source Verification
    id
    dv-vision-426ce6386119
    doi
    10.1192/bjo.2021.1057
    pmid
    Not recorded
    fresh Metadata
    Crossref
    metadata Retrieved
    true
    metadata SHA256
    3c3637aae87fde6e7cce0b854f1baf52140832174ae75e90b3abe77dab60077e
    claim Check
    Headline finding/design/limitations compared with indexed abstract or accessible primary evidence; retained methods amendments separately adjudicated.
    sources

    https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1192%2Fbjo.2021.1057 · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

    applied Proposals
    None recorded
    method
    AI editorial assessment of all 130 publication records: compare identity, headline finding, design, relevance and limitations with indexed abstracts or available primary material; adjudicate retained source-supported methods amendments. This is a source-limited publication audit, not an independent full-text systematic review or a clinical guideline.
    limitations

    Abstract-only records do not establish allocation concealment, complete harms reporting or full risk of bias. · No formal independent RoB 2, GRADE appraisal or numerical reconstruction of every effect was performed. · Source-access labels describe retained appraisal evidence; fuller prior appraisals were checked through their source ledgers and selected material, not independently repeated in full. · Publication counts are not independent trial or participant counts; cohort links and overlapping review evidence remain provisional. · A randomized design cross does not indicate benefit, low risk of bias or human approval. No double-blind trial is verified in this release. · No professional clinical peer review is claimed. Recommended content is limited to accurately qualified research summaries.

    study Design Assessment
    category
    rct
    is Randomized Controlled Trial
    true
    basis
    Outcome report states random assignment; linked protocol specifies computer-generated blocks of six/eight by site, generated independently and assigned in envelope order.
    sources

    https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1192%2Fbjo.2021.1057 · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

    review Scope
    full-text
    paper Trust Assessment
    scope
    Paper
    status
    assessed
    score
    2
    randomized Controlled Trial
    true
    peer Reviewed
    true
    blinding
    not-confirmed
    basis
    One cross: randomized; article labels single-blind, not double-blind.
    sources

    https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1192%2Fbjo.2021.1057 · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

    review Scope
    full-text
    human Approval
    false
    display Crosses
    1
    masking Roles
    participants
    Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
    providers
    Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
    assessors
    Outcome report labels trial single-blind, but precise assessor masking was not explicitly established in accessed protocol text.
    analysts
    not established from accessed source
    jadad
    status
    unassessed
    score
    Not recorded
    evidence
    population
    relation
    related
    population
    Adults with repeated childhood sexual/physical abuse and PTSD
    exposure Evidence
    Eligibility required abuse before age 18 by a caretaker or person in authority; whole-sample family perpetration not established.
    rationale
    Childhood interpersonal abuse may overlap family violence and informs adult trauma treatment.
    transfer Limit
    Eligibility included caretaker/authority abuse; not all perpetrators necessarily relatives. Ongoing physical/sexual abuse was excluded, so do not generalize to ongoing IPV.
    intervention
    description
    Immediate EMDR versus STAIR followed by EMDR
    dose
    16 EMDR sessions; comparator adds eight STAIR sessions; twice-weekly 90-minute sessions.
    provider
    Therapists supervised with recorded-session fidelity checks.
    comparator
    Eight STAIR sessions followed by the same 16-session EMDR course.
    outcomes
    1. name
      PTSD and complex-PTSD symptoms
      follow Up
      post-treatment, three and six months
      result
      No significant between-arm differences.
      effect Estimate
      not established from accessed source
      uncertainty
      not established from accessed source
      primary Status
      PTSD symptoms primary; other psychopathology secondary
    2. name
      PTSD diagnostic status
      follow Up
      post-treatment
      result
      68.8% overall no longer met PTSD criteria at post-treatment.
      effect Estimate
      Pooled proportion 68.8%; not a comparative effect.
      uncertainty
      not established from accessed source
      primary Status
      not established from accessed source
    access
    level
    full-text
    source URLs

    https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

    retrieved At
    2026-10-30T07:22:28.727073+00:00
    citation Snapshot
    count
    Not recorded
    source
    Not recorded
    retrieved At
    Not recorded
    status
    not-assessed
    provenance
    Discovered by AI
    content Hash
    f5ed69f7fca162ccd263a8f2b5ba702424e6427b4aba8a0a58eb1fdb98585e4f
    revision
    audit-r2-f5ed69f7fca1
    archive Entries
    None recorded
    collection
    vision
    chapter Number
    7
    topic Id
    domestic-family-violence
    topic Title
    Domestic & Family Violence
    trust Score
    2
evidence
evidence Type
Single-blind randomized controlled trial
intervention
Immediate EMDR versus STAIR followed by EMDR 16 EMDR sessions; comparator adds eight STAIR sessions; twice-weekly 90-minute sessions.
comparator
Eight STAIR sessions followed by the same 16-session EMDR course.
sample
57 STAIR–EMDR and 64 EMDR; 11 discontinued before treatment.
measurement
PTSD and complex-PTSD symptoms; PTSD diagnostic status
timing
post-treatment, three and six months; post-treatment
trial Id
NTR5991
relationship Note
Childhood interpersonal abuse may overlap family violence and informs adult trauma treatment. Eligibility included caretaker/authority abuse; not all perpetrators necessarily relatives. Ongoing physical/sexual abuse was excluded, so do not generalize to ongoing IPV.
measured Genes
None recorded
pathways
None recorded
source Access
level
full-text
source URLs

https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1057 · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8612023/fullTextXML · https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-018-2508-8

retrieved At
2026-10-30T07:22:28.727073+00:00
outcomes
  1. name
    PTSD and complex-PTSD symptoms
    follow Up
    post-treatment, three and six months
    result
    No significant between-arm differences.
    effect Estimate
    not established from accessed source
    uncertainty
    not established from accessed source
    primary Status
    PTSD symptoms primary; other psychopathology secondary
  2. name
    PTSD diagnostic status
    follow Up
    post-treatment
    result
    68.8% overall no longer met PTSD criteria at post-treatment.
    effect Estimate
    Pooled proportion 68.8%; not a comparative effect.
    uncertainty
    not established from accessed source
    primary Status
    not established from accessed source
quality
risk Of Bias
No inactive control; exclusions restrict generalization.
attrition
22.8% STAIR–EMDR versus 17.2% EMDR treatment dropout.
confounding
not established from accessed source
adverse Findings
Three events adjudged non-study-related: suicide attempt admission, suicidal ideation and psychotic experiences.
transfer Limits
Adult clinical samples do not establish benefit for children or violence prevention.
jadad
not established
masking Roles
participants
Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
providers
Not blinded, as stated in the protocol.
assessors
Outcome report labels trial single-blind, but precise assessor masking was not explicitly established in accessed protocol text.
analysts
not established from accessed source
population
relation
related
population
Adults with repeated childhood sexual/physical abuse and PTSD
exposure Evidence
Eligibility required abuse before age 18 by a caretaker or person in authority; whole-sample family perpetration not established.
rationale
Childhood interpersonal abuse may overlap family violence and informs adult trauma treatment.
transfer Limit
Eligibility included caretaker/authority abuse; not all perpetrators necessarily relatives. Ongoing physical/sexual abuse was excluded, so do not generalize to ongoing IPV.
jadad
status
unassessed
score
Not recorded
condition Evidence
  1. id
    ptsd
    evidence
    1. field
      title
      text
      Phase-based treatment versus immediate trauma-focused treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder due to childhood abuse: randomised clinical trial
      matched Text
      post-traumatic stress
    2. field
      population
      text
      Adults with repeated childhood sexual/physical abuse and PTSD
      matched Text
      PTSD
    3. field
      outcomes
      text
      PTSD and complex-PTSD symptoms | PTSD diagnostic status
      matched Text
      PTSD
    scope
    Study population or investigated outcome; not a diagnosis or efficacy claim.
  2. id
    trauma
    evidence
    1. field
      title
      text
      Phase-based treatment versus immediate trauma-focused treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder due to childhood abuse: randomised clinical trial
      matched Text
      post-traumatic
    scope
    Study population or investigated outcome; not a diagnosis or efficacy claim.
conditions

ptsd · trauma

topic Trust Scores

2

full Text
status
not-indexed
retrieval Available
false

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