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Heart rate variability – a historical perspective

Billman GE. · Frontiers in Physiology · 2011

Original publication · Original publication · Original publication

Attributed extracts from the research record

“The most common methods evaluate fractal-like properties of the heart rate time series. For example, the heart rate frequency (f) spectrum exhibits an inverse power law relationship”

Evidence and provenance

Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.

Study design and assessment
design
assessment
Not recorded
trust Factor
score
1
scope
Paper
status
assessed
randomized Controlled Trial
false
blinding
not-applicable
peer Reviewed
true
basis
Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22144961/ · https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2011.00086 · https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2011.00086/full

review Scope
Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
assessed At
2026-10-27
jadad
status
unassessed
score
Not recorded
evidence
Not recorded
Topics and recorded topic scores
  1. key
    sound:ix
    title
    Baroreflex, heart-rate variability and Mayer waves around 0.1 Hz
    collection
    sound
    trust Score
    1
  2. key
    language:ix
    title
    Meditation, yoga and biofeedback: heart-rate variability and autonomic regulation
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    2
Citation snapshot and identifiers
id
pmid-22144961
doi
10.3389/fphys.2011.00086
pmid
22144961
citation Snapshot
Not recorded
citations By Collection
sound
646
language
Not recorded
Complete approved library record
id
pmid-22144961
publication Key
Not recorded
aliases
None recorded
title
Heart rate variability – a historical perspective
journal
Frontiers in Physiology
publisher Family
frontiers
publisher Family Label
Frontiers
neurotransmitters
None recorded
year
2011
authors
Billman GE.
design
kind
Review / synthesis
identity Conflict
Not recorded
doi
10.3389/fphys.2011.00086
pmid
22144961
urls

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2011.00086/full · https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2011.00086 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3225923/

collections

sound · language

categories

Heart rate & autonomic

targets
None recorded
priority
1
quotes

“The most common methods evaluate fractal-like properties of the heart rate time series. For example, the heart rate frequency (f) spectrum exhibits an inverse power law relationship”

summary
limitation
citation Count
646
paper Trust Assessment
score
1
scope
Paper
status
assessed
randomized Controlled Trial
false
blinding
not-applicable
peer Reviewed
true
basis
Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22144961/ · https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2011.00086 · https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2011.00086/full

review Scope
Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
assessed At
2026-10-27
citations By Collection
sound
646
language
Not recorded
topics
  1. key
    sound:ix
    title
    Baroreflex, heart-rate variability and Mayer waves around 0.1 Hz
    collection
    sound
    trust Score
    1
  2. key
    language:ix
    title
    Meditation, yoga and biofeedback: heart-rate variability and autonomic regulation
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    2
journal Key
frontiersinphysiology
journal Label
Frontiers in Physiology
chapter Entries
  1. id
    ix-pmid-22144961
    record Id
    pmid-22144961
    title
    Heart rate variability – a historical perspective
    journal
    Frontiers in Physiology
    year
    2011
    authors
    Billman GE.
    design
    urls

    https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2011.00086/full · https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2011.00086 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3225923/

    quotes
      1. text
        “The most common methods evaluate fractal-like properties of the heart rate time series. For example, the heart rate frequency (f) spectrum exhibits an inverse power law relationship”
        emphasis
        false
    citation Count
    646
    source Pages

    68

    targets
    None recorded
    categories

    Heart rate & autonomic

    doi
    10.3389/fphys.2011.00086
    pmid
    22144961
    paper Trust Assessment
    score
    1
    scope
    Paper
    status
    assessed
    randomized Controlled Trial
    false
    blinding
    not-applicable
    peer Reviewed
    true
    basis
    Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22144961/ · https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2011.00086 · https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2011.00086/full

    review Scope
    Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
    assessed At
    2026-10-27
    collection
    sound
    chapter Number
    2
    topic Id
    ix
    topic Title
    Baroreflex, heart-rate variability and Mayer waves around 0.1 Hz
    trust Score
    1
  2. id
    language-ix-pmid-22144961
    record Id
    pmid-22144961
    title
    Heart rate variability – a historical perspective
    journal
    Frontiers in Physiology
    year
    2011
    authors
    Billman GE.
    design
    urls

    https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2011.00086/full · https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2011.00086 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3225923/

    quotes
    None recorded
    citation Count
    Not recorded
    source Pages

    39

    targets
    None recorded
    categories

    Heart rate & autonomic

    doi
    10.3389/fphys.2011.00086
    pmid
    22144961
    paper Trust Assessment
    score
    1
    scope
    Paper
    status
    assessed
    randomized Controlled Trial
    false
    blinding
    not-applicable
    peer Reviewed
    true
    basis
    Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22144961/ · https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2011.00086 · https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2011.00086/full

    review Scope
    Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
    assessed At
    2026-10-27
    collection
    language
    chapter Number
    2
    topic Id
    ix
    topic Title
    Meditation, yoga and biofeedback: heart-rate variability and autonomic regulation
    trust Score
    2
jadad
status
unassessed
score
Not recorded
condition Evidence
None recorded
conditions
None recorded
topic Trust Scores

1 · 2

full Text
status
not-indexed
retrieval Available
false

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