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Art and science: how musical training shapes the brain

Barrett KC, Ashley R, Strait DL, Kraus N. · Frontiers in Psychology · 2013

Original publication · Original publication · Original publication

Evidence and provenance

Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.

Study design and assessment
design
assessment
Not recorded
trust Factor
score
1
scope
Paper
status
assessed
randomized Controlled Trial
Not recorded
blinding
not-confirmed
peer Reviewed
true
basis
Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24137142/ · https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713 · https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713/full?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Psychology-w45-2013 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3797461/

review Scope
Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
assessed At
2026-10-27
jadad
status
unassessed
score
Not recorded
evidence
Not recorded
Topics and recorded topic scores
  1. key
    sound:vii
    title
    Music, heart-rate variability, cognition, emotional regulation, pain and mental health
    collection
    sound
    trust Score
    3
  2. key
    sound:xi
    title
    Music, NMDA receptors and learning
    collection
    sound
    trust Score
    1
Citation snapshot and identifiers
id
pmid-24137142
doi
10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713
pmid
24137142
citation Snapshot
Not recorded
citations By Collection
sound
97
Complete approved library record
id
pmid-24137142
publication Key
Not recorded
aliases
None recorded
title
Art and science: how musical training shapes the brain
journal
Frontiers in Psychology
publisher Family
frontiers
publisher Family Label
Frontiers
neurotransmitters
None recorded
year
2013
authors
Barrett KC, Ashley R, Strait DL, Kraus N.
design
kind
Journal article
identity Conflict
Not recorded
doi
10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713
pmid
24137142
urls

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3797461/ · https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713 · https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713/full?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Psychology-w45-2013

collections

sound

categories

Brain & nervous system

targets

NMDA

priority
1
quotes
None recorded
summary
limitation
citation Count
97
paper Trust Assessment
score
1
scope
Paper
status
assessed
randomized Controlled Trial
Not recorded
blinding
not-confirmed
peer Reviewed
true
basis
Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24137142/ · https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713 · https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713/full?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Psychology-w45-2013 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3797461/

review Scope
Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
assessed At
2026-10-27
citations By Collection
sound
97
topics
  1. key
    sound:vii
    title
    Music, heart-rate variability, cognition, emotional regulation, pain and mental health
    collection
    sound
    trust Score
    3
  2. key
    sound:xi
    title
    Music, NMDA receptors and learning
    collection
    sound
    trust Score
    1
journal Key
frontiersinpsychology
journal Label
Frontiers in Psychology
chapter Entries
  1. id
    vii-pmid-24137142
    record Id
    pmid-24137142
    title
    Art and science: how musical training shapes the brain
    journal
    Frontiers in Psychology
    year
    2013
    authors
    Barrett KC, Ashley R, Strait DL, Kraus N.
    design
    urls

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3797461/ · https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713 · https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713/full?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Psychology-w45-2013

    quotes
    None recorded
    citation Count
    97
    source Pages

    57

    targets

    NMDA

    categories

    Brain & nervous system

    doi
    10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713
    pmid
    24137142
    paper Trust Assessment
    score
    1
    scope
    Paper
    status
    assessed
    randomized Controlled Trial
    Not recorded
    blinding
    not-confirmed
    peer Reviewed
    true
    basis
    Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24137142/ · https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713 · https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713/full?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Psychology-w45-2013 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3797461/

    review Scope
    Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
    assessed At
    2026-10-27
    collection
    sound
    chapter Number
    2
    topic Id
    vii
    topic Title
    Music, heart-rate variability, cognition, emotional regulation, pain and mental health
    trust Score
    3
  2. id
    xi-pmid-24137142
    record Id
    pmid-24137142
    title
    Art and science: how musical training shapes the brain
    journal
    Frontiers in Psychology
    year
    2013
    authors
    Barrett KC, Ashley R, Strait DL, Kraus N.
    design
    urls

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3797461/ · https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713 · https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713/full?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Psychology-w45-2013

    quotes
      1. text
        “the expression of N-Methyl-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors has been implicated in increasing synaptic efficacy to bring about learning, with more effective learning taking place in animals with more NMDA receptors (for review, see Lau and Zukin, 2007)”
        emphasis
        false
      1. text
        “Auditory enrichment early in life through music exposure has been linked to increased NMDA receptor expression in the rat auditory cortex, paralleled by improved performance on auditory discrimination and learning and memory tasks (Tang et al., 1999; Xu et al., 2009; see also Cui et al., 2009)”
        emphasis
        false
      1. text
        “it is possible that early enrichment through musical training may cause an upregulation of proteins like NMDA receptors to promote synaptic efficacy and improve auditory learning abilities, in turn feeding back to promote musical development”
        emphasis
        false
    citation Count
    97
    source Pages

    72

    targets

    NMDA

    categories

    Brain & nervous system

    doi
    10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713
    pmid
    24137142
    paper Trust Assessment
    score
    1
    scope
    Paper
    status
    assessed
    randomized Controlled Trial
    Not recorded
    blinding
    not-confirmed
    peer Reviewed
    true
    basis
    Indexed peer-reviewed research; a qualifying randomized controlled design is not established in the reviewed record.
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24137142/ · https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713 · https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00713/full?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Psychology-w45-2013 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3797461/

    review Scope
    Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
    assessed At
    2026-10-27
    collection
    sound
    chapter Number
    3
    topic Id
    xi
    topic Title
    Music, NMDA receptors and learning
    trust Score
    1
jadad
status
unassessed
score
Not recorded
condition Evidence
None recorded
conditions
None recorded
topic Trust Scores

3 · 1

full Text
status
open-license
retrieval Available
true
url
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3797461/fullTextXML
pmcid
PMC3797461
rights
license
CC BY (version not specified in article)
statement

Copyright © 2013 Barrett, Ashley, Strait and Kraus. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

sha256
cf8326272be756c70e8f8020659e4f723908a27dde877d81e755cef3a5c5d0e3
checked At
2026-10-24

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