Effect of Mindfulness Versus Loving-kindness Training on Leukocyte Gene Expression in Midlife Adults Raised in Low-Socioeconomic Status Households
West TN, Zhou J, Brantley MM, Kim SL, Brantley J, Salzberg S, Cole SW, Fredrickson BL. · Mindfulness · 2022 · Randomized controlled trial; registered triple-masked
Original publication · Original publication
Recorded summary
CTRA expression declined in the mindfulness group and increased in the loving-kindness group, opposite to the investigators’ prediction. Positive emotions increased in both groups.
Recorded limitations
The comparison distinguishes two meditation programmes and lacks a no-treatment arm. Changes in positive emotion did not explain the divergent molecular result.
Evidence and provenance
Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.
Study design and assessment
- design
- Randomized controlled trial; registered triple-masked
- assessment
- basis
- The trial register lists participants, investigators and outcome assessors as masked. The paper confirms that lab-visit personnel were blind to condition. The classification reflects the registered masking design.
- sources
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9585929/ · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36278141/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z · https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02400593
- assessed At
- 2026-10-23
- registered Masking Basis
- true
- category
- double-blind-rct
- peer Reviewed
- true
- trust Factor
- score
- 3
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- blinding
- double
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- The trial register lists participants, investigators and outcome assessors as masked. The paper confirms that lab-visit personnel were blind to condition. The classification reflects the registered masking design.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36278141/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9585929/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z · https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02400593
- review Scope
- Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
- assessed At
- 2026-10-27
- jadad
- status
- unassessed
- score
- Not recorded
- evidence
- intervention
- Mindfulness meditation
- comparator
- Loving-kindness meditation
- sample
- 88 midlife adults raised in low-income households
- measurement
- Leukocyte RNA; CTRA expression profile
- timing
- 6 weeks
- trial Id
- NCT02400593
- measured Genes
- None recorded
- pathways
CTRA
- evidence Type
- RNA expression
- source URLs
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9585929/ · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36278141/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z
- checked At
- 2026-10-23
- review Scope
- Publication abstract and selected full-text methods; Jadad assessment pending
Topics and recorded topic scores
- key
- language:mindfulness-rna
- title
- Mindfulness interventions and gene expression
- collection
- language
- trust Score
- 2
Citation snapshot and identifiers
- id
- pmid-36278141
- doi
- 10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z
- pmid
- 36278141
- citation Snapshot
- count
- 13
- source
- Crossref
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-23
- url
- https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z
- citations By Collection
- language
- 13
Complete approved library record
- id
- pmid-36278141
- publication Key
- Not recorded
- aliases
- None recorded
- title
- Effect of Mindfulness Versus Loving-kindness Training on Leukocyte Gene Expression in Midlife Adults Raised in Low-Socioeconomic Status Households
- journal
- Mindfulness
- neurotransmitters
- None recorded
- year
- 2022
- authors
- West TN, Zhou J, Brantley MM, Kim SL, Brantley J, Salzberg S, Cole SW, Fredrickson BL.
- design
- Randomized controlled trial; registered triple-masked
- kind
- Journal article
- identity Conflict
- Not recorded
- doi
- 10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z
- pmid
- 36278141
- urls
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36278141/
- collections
language
- categories
Gene expression
- targets
- None recorded
- priority
- 0
- quotes
- None recorded
- summary
- CTRA expression declined in the mindfulness group and increased in the loving-kindness group, opposite to the investigators’ prediction. Positive emotions increased in both groups.
- limitation
- The comparison distinguishes two meditation programmes and lacks a no-treatment arm. Changes in positive emotion did not explain the divergent molecular result.
- citation Count
- 13
- citation Snapshot
- count
- 13
- source
- Crossref
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-23
- url
- https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z
- study Design Assessment
- basis
- The trial register lists participants, investigators and outcome assessors as masked. The paper confirms that lab-visit personnel were blind to condition. The classification reflects the registered masking design.
- sources
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9585929/ · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36278141/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z · https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02400593
- assessed At
- 2026-10-23
- registered Masking Basis
- true
- category
- double-blind-rct
- peer Reviewed
- true
- paper Trust Assessment
- score
- 3
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- blinding
- double
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- The trial register lists participants, investigators and outcome assessors as masked. The paper confirms that lab-visit personnel were blind to condition. The classification reflects the registered masking design.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36278141/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9585929/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z · https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02400593
- review Scope
- Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
- assessed At
- 2026-10-27
- citations By Collection
- language
- 13
- topics
- key
- language:mindfulness-rna
- title
- Mindfulness interventions and gene expression
- collection
- language
- trust Score
- 2
- journal Key
- mindfulness
- journal Label
- Mindfulness
- chapter Entries
- id
- language-mindfulness-rna-pmid-36278141
- record Id
- pmid-36278141
- title
- Effect of Mindfulness Versus Loving-kindness Training on Leukocyte Gene Expression in Midlife Adults Raised in Low-Socioeconomic Status Households
- journal
- Mindfulness
- year
- 2022
- authors
- West TN, Zhou J, Brantley MM, Kim SL, Brantley J, Salzberg S, Cole SW, Fredrickson BL.
- design
- Randomized controlled trial; registered triple-masked
- urls
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36278141/
- quotes
- None recorded
- summary
- CTRA expression declined in the mindfulness group and increased in the loving-kindness group, opposite to the investigators’ prediction. Positive emotions increased in both groups.
- limitation
- The comparison distinguishes two meditation programmes and lacks a no-treatment arm. Changes in positive emotion did not explain the divergent molecular result.
- citation Count
- 13
- citation Snapshot
- count
- 13
- source
- Crossref
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-23
- url
- https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z
- study Design Assessment
- basis
- The trial register lists participants, investigators and outcome assessors as masked. The paper confirms that lab-visit personnel were blind to condition. The classification reflects the registered masking design.
- sources
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9585929/ · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36278141/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z · https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02400593
- assessed At
- 2026-10-23
- registered Masking Basis
- true
- category
- double-blind-rct
- peer Reviewed
- true
- source Pages
- None recorded
- targets
- None recorded
- categories
Gene expression
- doi
- 10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z
- pmid
- 36278141
- evidence
- intervention
- Mindfulness meditation
- comparator
- Loving-kindness meditation
- sample
- 88 midlife adults raised in low-income households
- measurement
- Leukocyte RNA; CTRA expression profile
- timing
- 6 weeks
- trial Id
- NCT02400593
- measured Genes
- None recorded
- pathways
CTRA
- evidence Type
- RNA expression
- source URLs
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9585929/ · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36278141/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z
- checked At
- 2026-10-23
- review Scope
- Publication abstract and selected full-text methods; Jadad assessment pending
- paper Trust Assessment
- score
- 3
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- blinding
- double
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- The trial register lists participants, investigators and outcome assessors as masked. The paper confirms that lab-visit personnel were blind to condition. The classification reflects the registered masking design.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36278141/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9585929/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z · https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02400593
- review Scope
- Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
- assessed At
- 2026-10-27
- collection
- language
- chapter Number
- 4
- topic Id
- mindfulness-rna
- topic Title
- Mindfulness interventions and gene expression
- trust Score
- 2
- evidence
- intervention
- Mindfulness meditation
- comparator
- Loving-kindness meditation
- sample
- 88 midlife adults raised in low-income households
- measurement
- Leukocyte RNA; CTRA expression profile
- timing
- 6 weeks
- trial Id
- NCT02400593
- measured Genes
- None recorded
- pathways
CTRA
- evidence Type
- RNA expression
- source URLs
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9585929/ · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36278141/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z
- checked At
- 2026-10-23
- review Scope
- Publication abstract and selected full-text methods; Jadad assessment pending
- jadad
- status
- unassessed
- score
- Not recorded
- condition Evidence
- None recorded
- conditions
- None recorded
- topic Trust Scores
2
- full Text
- status
- reuse-review
- retrieval Available
- false
- url
- https://pmc-oa-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/PMC9585929.1/PMC9585929.1.xml?md5=752c4610127d83f0f9309d4715a2004a
- pmcid
- PMC9585929
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- Private text mining
- public Fulltext Redistribution
- false
- provider Upload
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- model Training
- false
- basis
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/pmcaws/
- article Rights
This file is available for text mining. It may also be used consistent with the principles of fair use under the copyright law.
- sha256
- 956f8160b4192e36eebc47b42986eabda4f3c15f95c30ad1db9837f869c05213
- checked At
- 2026-10-24