Effects of preoperative binaural beats on the propofol dose for induction of general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.
Kim YJ, Choe HW, Yoon SB, Lee H, Kim HS, Seo JH. · Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2025 · Randomized controlled trial
Original publication · Original publication
Recorded summary
Among 69 surgical patients, 20 minutes of 1 Hz binaural beats reduced the mean propofol dose needed to stop responding to verbal commands from 105 to 87 mg; the difference was -18 mg, with a 95% confidence interval of -32 to -5 mg.
Recorded limitations
Anxiety and frontal EEG bands did not differ significantly. This supports an anaesthetic-dose finding within the tested clinical protocol, rather than a general claim of brainwave entrainment.
Evidence and provenance
Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.
Study design and assessment
- design
- Randomized controlled trial
- assessment
- category
- peer-reviewed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563070/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- assessed At
- 2026-10-26
- registered Masking Basis
- false
- trust Factor
- score
- 2
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- blinding
- not-confirmed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563070/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- review Scope
- Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
- assessed At
- 2026-10-27
- jadad
- status
- unassessed
- score
- Not recorded
- evidence
- intervention
- 1 Hz binaural beats, 432/431 Hz carriers
- comparator
- Silent headphones
- evidence Type
- Clinical or experimental outcomes
- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563070/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- checked At
- 2026-10-26
- review Scope
- Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.
- discovery Sources
https://daytab.com/study/ff5wsm5v · https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40563070
- selection Policy
- Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review.
- trial Id
- NCT05431881
Topics and recorded topic scores
- key
- sound:i
- title
- Brain entrainment, pain, anxiety and heart-rate variability
- collection
- sound
- trust Score
- 3
Citation snapshot and identifiers
- id
- pmid-40563070
- doi
- 10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- pmid
- 40563070
- citation Snapshot
- count
- 2
- source
- Europe PMC
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-26
- url
- https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40563070
- citations By Collection
- sound
- 2
Complete approved library record
- id
- pmid-40563070
- publication Key
- doi:10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- aliases
- None recorded
- title
- Effects of preoperative binaural beats on the propofol dose for induction of general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.
- journal
- Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie
- neurotransmitters
- None recorded
- year
- 2025
- authors
- Kim YJ, Choe HW, Yoon SB, Lee H, Kim HS, Seo JH.
- design
- Randomized controlled trial
- identity Conflict
- Not recorded
- doi
- 10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- pmid
- 40563070
- urls
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563070/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- collections
sound
- categories
Clinical & self-report
- targets
- None recorded
- priority
- 1
- quotes
- None recorded
- summary
- Among 69 surgical patients, 20 minutes of 1 Hz binaural beats reduced the mean propofol dose needed to stop responding to verbal commands from 105 to 87 mg; the difference was -18 mg, with a 95% confidence interval of -32 to -5 mg.
- limitation
- Anxiety and frontal EEG bands did not differ significantly. This supports an anaesthetic-dose finding within the tested clinical protocol, rather than a general claim of brainwave entrainment.
- citation Count
- 2
- citation Snapshot
- count
- 2
- source
- Europe PMC
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-26
- url
- https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40563070
- study Design Assessment
- category
- peer-reviewed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563070/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- assessed At
- 2026-10-26
- registered Masking Basis
- false
- paper Trust Assessment
- score
- 2
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- blinding
- not-confirmed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563070/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- review Scope
- Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
- assessed At
- 2026-10-27
- citations By Collection
- sound
- 2
- topics
- key
- sound:i
- title
- Brain entrainment, pain, anxiety and heart-rate variability
- collection
- sound
- trust Score
- 3
- journal Key
- canadianjournalofanaesthesia
- journal Label
- Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie
- chapter Entries
- title
- Effects of preoperative binaural beats on the propofol dose for induction of general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.
- journal
- Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie
- year
- 2025
- authors
- Kim YJ, Choe HW, Yoon SB, Lee H, Kim HS, Seo JH.
- design
- Randomized controlled trial
- urls
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563070/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- doi
- 10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- pmid
- 40563070
- targets
- None recorded
- categories
Clinical & self-report
- citation Count
- 2
- citation Snapshot
- count
- 2
- source
- Europe PMC
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-26
- url
- https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40563070
- study Design Assessment
- category
- peer-reviewed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563070/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- assessed At
- 2026-10-26
- registered Masking Basis
- false
- evidence
- intervention
- 1 Hz binaural beats, 432/431 Hz carriers
- comparator
- Silent headphones
- evidence Type
- Clinical or experimental outcomes
- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563070/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- checked At
- 2026-10-26
- review Scope
- Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.
- discovery Sources
https://daytab.com/study/ff5wsm5v · https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40563070
- selection Policy
- Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review.
- trial Id
- NCT05431881
- id
- sound-i-pmid-40563070
- record Id
- pmid-40563070
- quotes
- None recorded
- source Pages
- None recorded
- summary
- Among 69 surgical patients, 20 minutes of 1 Hz binaural beats reduced the mean propofol dose needed to stop responding to verbal commands from 105 to 87 mg; the difference was -18 mg, with a 95% confidence interval of -32 to -5 mg.
- limitation
- Anxiety and frontal EEG bands did not differ significantly. This supports an anaesthetic-dose finding within the tested clinical protocol, rather than a general claim of brainwave entrainment.
- paper Trust Assessment
- score
- 2
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- blinding
- not-confirmed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563070/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- review Scope
- Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
- assessed At
- 2026-10-27
- publication Key
- doi:10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- collection
- sound
- chapter Number
- 1
- topic Id
- i
- topic Title
- Brain entrainment, pain, anxiety and heart-rate variability
- trust Score
- 3
- evidence
- intervention
- 1 Hz binaural beats, 432/431 Hz carriers
- comparator
- Silent headphones
- evidence Type
- Clinical or experimental outcomes
- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563070/ · https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-02993-5
- checked At
- 2026-10-26
- review Scope
- Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.
- discovery Sources
https://daytab.com/study/ff5wsm5v · https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40563070
- selection Policy
- Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review.
- trial Id
- NCT05431881
- jadad
- status
- unassessed
- score
- Not recorded
- condition Evidence
- None recorded
- conditions
- None recorded
- topic Trust Scores
3
- full Text
- status
- not-indexed
- retrieval Available
- false