Preoperative binaural beats reduce remimazolam dosage and enhance safety in anesthesia induction: A randomized controlled trial.
Kim HC, Sohn JY, Kim MH, Kim YJ, Chang CH, Seo JH. · PloS one · 2026 · Randomized controlled trial
Original publication · Original publication · Original publication
Recorded summary
In 72 surgical patients, 30 minutes of 1 Hz binaural beats reduced the mean remimazolam dose required for loss of consciousness from 17.7 to 15.0 mg; hypotension occurred in 6% versus 28% of participants.
Recorded limitations
A single-centre anaesthesia study with no auditory intervention in the comparison arm. EEG differences were not significant, so the proposed entrainment mechanism remains unconfirmed.
Evidence and provenance
Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.
Study design and assessment
- design
- Randomized controlled trial
- assessment
- category
- peer-reviewed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41911215/ · https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345960 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035112/
- assessed At
- 2026-10-26
- registered Masking Basis
- false
- trust Factor
- score
- 2
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- blinding
- not-confirmed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41911215/ · https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345960 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035112/
- review Scope
- Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
- assessed At
- 2026-10-27
- jadad
- status
- unassessed
- score
- Not recorded
- evidence
- intervention
- 1 Hz binaural beats before anaesthesia
- comparator
- No binaural intervention
- evidence Type
- Clinical or experimental outcomes
- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41911215/ · https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345960 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035112/
- checked At
- 2026-10-26
- review Scope
- Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.
- discovery Sources
https://daytab.com/study/ggpt8f7w · https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41911215
- selection Policy
- Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review.
- trial Id
- NCT06099977
Topics and recorded topic scores
- key
- sound:i
- title
- Brain entrainment, pain, anxiety and heart-rate variability
- collection
- sound
- trust Score
- 3
Citation snapshot and identifiers
- id
- pmid-41911215
- doi
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0345960
- pmid
- 41911215
- citation Snapshot
- count
- 0
- source
- Europe PMC
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-26
- url
- https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41911215
- citations By Collection
- sound
- 0
Complete approved library record
- id
- pmid-41911215
- publication Key
- doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0345960
- aliases
- None recorded
- title
- Preoperative binaural beats reduce remimazolam dosage and enhance safety in anesthesia induction: A randomized controlled trial.
- journal
- PloS one
- neurotransmitters
- None recorded
- year
- 2026
- authors
- Kim HC, Sohn JY, Kim MH, Kim YJ, Chang CH, Seo JH.
- design
- Randomized controlled trial
- identity Conflict
- Not recorded
- doi
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0345960
- pmid
- 41911215
- urls
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41911215/ · https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345960 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035112/
- collections
sound
- categories
Clinical & self-report
- targets
- None recorded
- priority
- 1
- quotes
- None recorded
- summary
- In 72 surgical patients, 30 minutes of 1 Hz binaural beats reduced the mean remimazolam dose required for loss of consciousness from 17.7 to 15.0 mg; hypotension occurred in 6% versus 28% of participants.
- limitation
- A single-centre anaesthesia study with no auditory intervention in the comparison arm. EEG differences were not significant, so the proposed entrainment mechanism remains unconfirmed.
- citation Count
- 0
- citation Snapshot
- count
- 0
- source
- Europe PMC
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-26
- url
- https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41911215
- study Design Assessment
- category
- peer-reviewed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41911215/ · https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345960 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035112/
- assessed At
- 2026-10-26
- registered Masking Basis
- false
- paper Trust Assessment
- score
- 2
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- blinding
- not-confirmed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41911215/ · https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345960 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035112/
- review Scope
- Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
- assessed At
- 2026-10-27
- citations By Collection
- sound
- 0
- topics
- key
- sound:i
- title
- Brain entrainment, pain, anxiety and heart-rate variability
- collection
- sound
- trust Score
- 3
- journal Key
- plosone
- journal Label
- PloS one
- chapter Entries
- title
- Preoperative binaural beats reduce remimazolam dosage and enhance safety in anesthesia induction: A randomized controlled trial.
- journal
- PloS one
- year
- 2026
- authors
- Kim HC, Sohn JY, Kim MH, Kim YJ, Chang CH, Seo JH.
- design
- Randomized controlled trial
- urls
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41911215/ · https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345960 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035112/
- doi
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0345960
- pmid
- 41911215
- targets
- None recorded
- categories
Clinical & self-report
- citation Count
- 0
- citation Snapshot
- count
- 0
- source
- Europe PMC
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-26
- url
- https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41911215
- study Design Assessment
- category
- peer-reviewed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41911215/ · https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345960 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035112/
- assessed At
- 2026-10-26
- registered Masking Basis
- false
- evidence
- intervention
- 1 Hz binaural beats before anaesthesia
- comparator
- No binaural intervention
- evidence Type
- Clinical or experimental outcomes
- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41911215/ · https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345960 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035112/
- checked At
- 2026-10-26
- review Scope
- Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.
- discovery Sources
https://daytab.com/study/ggpt8f7w · https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41911215
- selection Policy
- Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review.
- trial Id
- NCT06099977
- id
- sound-i-pmid-41911215
- record Id
- pmid-41911215
- quotes
- None recorded
- source Pages
- None recorded
- summary
- In 72 surgical patients, 30 minutes of 1 Hz binaural beats reduced the mean remimazolam dose required for loss of consciousness from 17.7 to 15.0 mg; hypotension occurred in 6% versus 28% of participants.
- limitation
- A single-centre anaesthesia study with no auditory intervention in the comparison arm. EEG differences were not significant, so the proposed entrainment mechanism remains unconfirmed.
- paper Trust Assessment
- score
- 2
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- blinding
- not-confirmed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41911215/ · https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345960 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035112/
- review Scope
- Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
- assessed At
- 2026-10-27
- publication Key
- doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0345960
- collection
- sound
- chapter Number
- 1
- topic Id
- i
- topic Title
- Brain entrainment, pain, anxiety and heart-rate variability
- trust Score
- 3
- evidence
- intervention
- 1 Hz binaural beats before anaesthesia
- comparator
- No binaural intervention
- evidence Type
- Clinical or experimental outcomes
- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41911215/ · https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345960 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035112/
- checked At
- 2026-10-26
- review Scope
- Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.
- discovery Sources
https://daytab.com/study/ggpt8f7w · https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41911215
- selection Policy
- Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review.
- trial Id
- NCT06099977
- jadad
- status
- unassessed
- score
- Not recorded
- condition Evidence
- None recorded
- conditions
- None recorded
- topic Trust Scores
3
- full Text
- status
- not-indexed
- retrieval Available
- false