A randomised controlled trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans.
Schneider RH, Staggers F, Alxander CN, Sheppard W, Rainforth M, Kondwani K, Smith S, King CG. · Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 1995 · Single-blind randomized controlled trial (outcome assessors blinded)
Original publication · Original publication
Recorded summary
A trial enrolling 127 older Black adults with hypertension found greater three-month blood-pressure reductions with Transcendental Meditation than progressive muscle relaxation or health education, using blinded blood-pressure observers.
Recorded limitations
Sixteen participants were lost to follow-up. The older, short-duration trial does not establish sustained cardiovascular-event reduction or replacement of antihypertensive care.
Evidence and provenance
Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.
Study design and assessment
- design
- Single-blind randomized controlled trial (outcome assessors blinded)
- assessment
- category
- peer-reviewed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7591024/ · https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- assessed At
- 2026-10-26
- registered Masking Basis
- false
- trust Factor
- score
- 2
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- blinding
- single
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7591024/ · https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- review Scope
- Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
- assessed At
- 2026-10-27
- jadad
- status
- unassessed
- score
- Not recorded
- evidence
- intervention
- Transcendental Meditation
- comparator
- Progressive muscle relaxation and health education
- evidence Type
- Clinical or experimental outcomes
- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7591024/ · https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- checked At
- 2026-10-26
- review Scope
- Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.
- discovery Sources
https://europepmc.org/article/MED/7591024
- selection Policy
- Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review.
Topics and recorded topic scores
- key
- language:i
- title
- Mantra meditation: cognition, creativity, mental health and cardiovascular outcomes
- collection
- language
- trust Score
- 2
Citation snapshot and identifiers
- id
- pmid-7591024
- doi
- 10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- pmid
- 7591024
- citation Snapshot
- count
- 183
- source
- Europe PMC
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-26
- url
- https://europepmc.org/article/MED/7591024
- citations By Collection
- language
- 183
Complete approved library record
- id
- pmid-7591024
- publication Key
- doi:10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- aliases
- None recorded
- title
- A randomised controlled trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans.
- journal
- Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
- neurotransmitters
- None recorded
- year
- 1995
- authors
- Schneider RH, Staggers F, Alxander CN, Sheppard W, Rainforth M, Kondwani K, Smith S, King CG.
- design
- Single-blind randomized controlled trial (outcome assessors blinded)
- identity Conflict
- Not recorded
- doi
- 10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- pmid
- 7591024
- urls
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7591024/ · https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- collections
language
- categories
Clinical & self-report
- targets
- None recorded
- priority
- 1
- quotes
- None recorded
- summary
- A trial enrolling 127 older Black adults with hypertension found greater three-month blood-pressure reductions with Transcendental Meditation than progressive muscle relaxation or health education, using blinded blood-pressure observers.
- limitation
- Sixteen participants were lost to follow-up. The older, short-duration trial does not establish sustained cardiovascular-event reduction or replacement of antihypertensive care.
- citation Count
- 183
- citation Snapshot
- count
- 183
- source
- Europe PMC
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-26
- url
- https://europepmc.org/article/MED/7591024
- study Design Assessment
- category
- peer-reviewed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7591024/ · https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- assessed At
- 2026-10-26
- registered Masking Basis
- false
- paper Trust Assessment
- score
- 2
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- blinding
- single
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7591024/ · https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- review Scope
- Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
- assessed At
- 2026-10-27
- citations By Collection
- language
- 183
- topics
- key
- language:i
- title
- Mantra meditation: cognition, creativity, mental health and cardiovascular outcomes
- collection
- language
- trust Score
- 2
- journal Key
- hypertension
- journal Label
- Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
- chapter Entries
- title
- A randomised controlled trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans.
- journal
- Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
- year
- 1995
- authors
- Schneider RH, Staggers F, Alxander CN, Sheppard W, Rainforth M, Kondwani K, Smith S, King CG.
- design
- Single-blind randomized controlled trial (outcome assessors blinded)
- urls
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7591024/ · https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- doi
- 10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- pmid
- 7591024
- targets
- None recorded
- categories
Clinical & self-report
- citation Count
- 183
- citation Snapshot
- count
- 183
- source
- Europe PMC
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-26
- url
- https://europepmc.org/article/MED/7591024
- study Design Assessment
- category
- peer-reviewed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7591024/ · https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- assessed At
- 2026-10-26
- registered Masking Basis
- false
- evidence
- intervention
- Transcendental Meditation
- comparator
- Progressive muscle relaxation and health education
- evidence Type
- Clinical or experimental outcomes
- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7591024/ · https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- checked At
- 2026-10-26
- review Scope
- Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.
- discovery Sources
https://europepmc.org/article/MED/7591024
- selection Policy
- Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review.
- id
- language-i-pmid-7591024
- record Id
- pmid-7591024
- quotes
- None recorded
- source Pages
- None recorded
- summary
- A trial enrolling 127 older Black adults with hypertension found greater three-month blood-pressure reductions with Transcendental Meditation than progressive muscle relaxation or health education, using blinded blood-pressure observers.
- limitation
- Sixteen participants were lost to follow-up. The older, short-duration trial does not establish sustained cardiovascular-event reduction or replacement of antihypertensive care.
- paper Trust Assessment
- score
- 2
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- blinding
- single
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Reported design checked against the primary publication abstract. Blinding terminology reflects the source report, not an independent risk-of-bias rating.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7591024/ · https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- review Scope
- Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
- assessed At
- 2026-10-27
- publication Key
- doi:10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- collection
- language
- chapter Number
- 1
- topic Id
- i
- topic Title
- Mantra meditation: cognition, creativity, mental health and cardiovascular outcomes
- trust Score
- 2
- evidence
- intervention
- Transcendental Meditation
- comparator
- Progressive muscle relaxation and health education
- evidence Type
- Clinical or experimental outcomes
- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7591024/ · https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.26.5.820
- checked At
- 2026-10-26
- review Scope
- Primary publication abstract and bibliographic identity checked; comprehensive full-text risk-of-bias and Jadad assessment pending.
- discovery Sources
https://europepmc.org/article/MED/7591024
- selection Policy
- Success-focused discovery selection, with material limitations retained; not an exhaustive systematic review.
- jadad
- status
- unassessed
- score
- Not recorded
- condition Evidence
- None recorded
- conditions
- None recorded
- topic Trust Scores
2
- full Text
- status
- not-indexed
- retrieval Available
- false