Retinal origin of orientation maps in visual cortex
Se-Bum Paik; Dario L Ringach · Nature Neuroscience · 2011 · Computational model with comparative visual-cortex observations
Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication
Recorded summary
Paik and Ringach propose that interference between regularly spaced ON- and OFF-centre retinal ganglion-cell mosaics helps form orientation maps in visual cortex. Their model predicts hexagonal organisation of orientation-domain centres, with supporting patterns reported in four mammalian species.
Recorded limitations
This is a proposed developmental mechanism with supporting observations. It does not establish that all visual cortex follows this model, that humans prefer hexagons, or that retinal geometry stabilises quantum information.
Evidence and provenance
Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.
Study design and assessment
- design
- Computational model with comparative visual-cortex observations
- assessment
- category
- peer-reviewed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Computational model with comparative visual-cortex observations. This is not a clinical efficacy trial.
- sources
https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2824 · https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2824 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21623365/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3196663/
- reviewed At
- 2026-10-26
- trust Factor
- score
- 1
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- randomized Controlled Trial
- Not recorded
- blinding
- not-confirmed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Computational model with comparative visual-cortex observations. This is not a clinical efficacy trial.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21623365/ · https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2824 · https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2824 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3196663/
- review Scope
- Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
- assessed At
- 2026-10-27
- jadad
- status
- not-applicable
- score
- Not recorded
- reason
- Not a human randomised clinical trial.
- evidence
- evidence Type
- Computational model with comparative visual-cortex observations
- evidence Class
- computational_model_and_observation
- measurement
- Moiré interference between two spatial mosaics.
- relationship Note
- Test whether similar interference mathematics generates useful candidate patterns in the Atlas, then evaluate each physical system separately.
- clinical Evidence
- false
- review Depth
- Publisher or author abstract and bibliographic metadata; selected explanatory sections where available.
- hypothesis Boundary
- Connections to M9 P24, Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Epsilon remain research hypotheses. Shared geometry does not establish a shared physical mechanism.
Topics and recorded topic scores
- key
- vision:vision-geometry
- title
- Retinal mosaics, cortical maps and visual space
- collection
- vision
- trust Score
- 1
Citation snapshot and identifiers
- id
- vision-retinal-orientation-2011
- doi
- 10.1038/nn.2824
- pmid
- 21623365
- citation Snapshot
- count
- 151
- source
- Crossref
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-26
- citations By Collection
- vision
- 151
Complete approved library record
- id
- vision-retinal-orientation-2011
- publication Key
- doi:10.1038/nn.2824
- aliases
- None recorded
- title
- Retinal origin of orientation maps in visual cortex
- journal
- Nature Neuroscience
- publisher Family
- nature
- publisher Family Label
- Nature Portfolio
- neurotransmitters
- None recorded
- year
- 2011
- authors
- Se-Bum Paik; Dario L Ringach
- design
- Computational model with comparative visual-cortex observations
- kind
- Journal article
- identity Conflict
- Not recorded
- doi
- 10.1038/nn.2824
- pmid
- 21623365
- urls
https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2824 · https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2824 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21623365/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3196663/
- collections
vision
- categories
Vision geometry · Brain & nervous system
- targets
- None recorded
- priority
- 1
- quotes
- None recorded
- summary
- Paik and Ringach propose that interference between regularly spaced ON- and OFF-centre retinal ganglion-cell mosaics helps form orientation maps in visual cortex. Their model predicts hexagonal organisation of orientation-domain centres, with supporting patterns reported in four mammalian species.
- limitation
- This is a proposed developmental mechanism with supporting observations. It does not establish that all visual cortex follows this model, that humans prefer hexagons, or that retinal geometry stabilises quantum information.
- citation Count
- 151
- citation Snapshot
- count
- 151
- source
- Crossref
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-26
- study Design Assessment
- category
- peer-reviewed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Computational model with comparative visual-cortex observations. This is not a clinical efficacy trial.
- sources
https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2824 · https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2824 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21623365/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3196663/
- reviewed At
- 2026-10-26
- paper Trust Assessment
- score
- 1
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- randomized Controlled Trial
- Not recorded
- blinding
- not-confirmed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Computational model with comparative visual-cortex observations. This is not a clinical efficacy trial.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21623365/ · https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2824 · https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2824 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3196663/
- review Scope
- Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
- assessed At
- 2026-10-27
- citations By Collection
- vision
- 151
- topics
- key
- vision:vision-geometry
- title
- Retinal mosaics, cortical maps and visual space
- collection
- vision
- trust Score
- 1
- journal Key
- natureneuroscience
- journal Label
- Nature Neuroscience
- chapter Entries
- id
- vision-vision-geometry-vision-retinal-orientation-2011
- title
- Retinal origin of orientation maps in visual cortex
- doi
- 10.1038/nn.2824
- pmid
- 21623365
- journal
- Nature Neuroscience
- year
- 2011
- published
- 2011-05-29
- authors
- Se-Bum Paik; Dario L Ringach
- urls
https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2824 · https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2824 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21623365/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3196663/
- collections
vision
- categories
Vision geometry · Brain & nervous system
- targets
- None recorded
- origin
- geometry-literature-20261026
- priority
- 1
- kind
- Journal article
- design
- Computational model with comparative visual-cortex observations
- summary
- Paik and Ringach propose that interference between regularly spaced ON- and OFF-centre retinal ganglion-cell mosaics helps form orientation maps in visual cortex. Their model predicts hexagonal organisation of orientation-domain centres, with supporting patterns reported in four mammalian species.
- finding
- Paik and Ringach propose that interference between regularly spaced ON- and OFF-centre retinal ganglion-cell mosaics helps form orientation maps in visual cortex. Their model predicts hexagonal organisation of orientation-domain centres, with supporting patterns reported in four mammalian species.
- limitation
- This is a proposed developmental mechanism with supporting observations. It does not establish that all visual cortex follows this model, that humans prefer hexagons, or that retinal geometry stabilises quantum information.
- citation Count
- 151
- citation Snapshot
- count
- 151
- source
- Crossref
- retrieved At
- 2026-10-26
- study Design Assessment
- category
- peer-reviewed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Computational model with comparative visual-cortex observations. This is not a clinical efficacy trial.
- sources
https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2824 · https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2824 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21623365/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3196663/
- reviewed At
- 2026-10-26
- evidence
- evidence Type
- Computational model with comparative visual-cortex observations
- evidence Class
- computational_model_and_observation
- measurement
- Moiré interference between two spatial mosaics.
- relationship Note
- Test whether similar interference mathematics generates useful candidate patterns in the Atlas, then evaluate each physical system separately.
- clinical Evidence
- false
- review Depth
- Publisher or author abstract and bibliographic metadata; selected explanatory sections where available.
- hypothesis Boundary
- Connections to M9 P24, Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Epsilon remain research hypotheses. Shared geometry does not establish a shared physical mechanism.
- jadad
- status
- not-applicable
- score
- Not recorded
- reason
- Not a human randomised clinical trial.
- quotes
- None recorded
- archive Entries
- None recorded
- verified At
- 2026-10-26
- source Provenance
- origin
- Vision Atlas citations
- notion Page
- Not recorded
- reviewed At
- 2026-10-26
- publisher Family
- nature
- publisher Family Label
- Nature Portfolio
- record Id
- vision-retinal-orientation-2011
- source Pages
- None recorded
- paper Trust Assessment
- score
- 1
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- randomized Controlled Trial
- Not recorded
- blinding
- not-confirmed
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Computational model with comparative visual-cortex observations. This is not a clinical efficacy trial.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21623365/ · https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2824 · https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2824 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3196663/
- review Scope
- Existing publication-specific assessments and bibliographic indexing; no blanket full-text appraisal.
- assessed At
- 2026-10-27
- publication Key
- doi:10.1038/nn.2824
- collection
- vision
- chapter Number
- 6
- topic Id
- vision-geometry
- topic Title
- Retinal mosaics, cortical maps and visual space
- trust Score
- 1
- evidence
- evidence Type
- Computational model with comparative visual-cortex observations
- evidence Class
- computational_model_and_observation
- measurement
- Moiré interference between two spatial mosaics.
- relationship Note
- Test whether similar interference mathematics generates useful candidate patterns in the Atlas, then evaluate each physical system separately.
- clinical Evidence
- false
- review Depth
- Publisher or author abstract and bibliographic metadata; selected explanatory sections where available.
- hypothesis Boundary
- Connections to M9 P24, Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Epsilon remain research hypotheses. Shared geometry does not establish a shared physical mechanism.
- jadad
- status
- not-applicable
- score
- Not recorded
- reason
- Not a human randomised clinical trial.
- condition Evidence
- None recorded
- conditions
- None recorded
- topic Trust Scores
1
- full Text
- status
- curated-record
- retrieval Available
- false
- url
- https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2824
- checked At
- 2026-10-26
- indexed Content
- Verified metadata and original research summary are indexed. Full article text is not indexed in this update.