Universal Informatics · Research reading room

Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Substance Use among University Students.

Haaga DA, Grosswald S, Gaylord-King C, Rainforth M, Tanner M, Travis F, Nidich S, Schneider RH. · Cardiology research and practice · 2011 · Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified

Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication

Recorded summary

Smoking and illicit drug use did not differ. An alcohol-use interaction favoured men receiving TM, not women.

Recorded limitations

Self-report, waitlist, 25% attrition and sex subgroup finding; not a general substance-use benefit. Same Washington university recruitment, dates and criteria as the BP report; treat as overlapping cohort.

Evidence and provenance

Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.

Study design and assessment
design
Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
assessment
category
single-blind-rct
is Randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
basis
RCT secondary substance-use report
masking Roles
Assessment staff masked; participants knew training allocation.
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21559213/ · https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/537101 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3087968/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3087968/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.4061%2F2011%2F537101

review Scope
selected-methods
trust Factor
score
2
display Crosses
2
scope
Paper
status
assessed
rating Scale
library-trust-factor/1-3
randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
blinding
single
masking Roles
Assessment staff masked; participants knew training allocation.
basis
RCT secondary substance-use report
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21559213/ · https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/537101 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3087968/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3087968/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.4061%2F2011%2F537101

assessed At
2026-11-02
review Scope
selected-methods
human Approval
false
review Limit
AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
jadad
status
unassessed
score
Not recorded
evidence
evidence Type
Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
intervention
TM about 20 minutes twice daily for three months versus waitlist
provider
Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
comparator
See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
sample
295 randomized with pretest; 292 substance-use dataset; 218 posttest
population
age
Mean 25.48 (SD 9.03), university students
age Fit
mixed-overlap
sample
295 randomized with pretest; 292 substance-use dataset; 218 posttest
setting
Not separately established; see population/intervention description
community
Not assigned
measurement
Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
trial Id
american-university-tm-2006
trial Registries
None recorded
registry Scope
Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
relationship Note
Optional meditation research can measure coping, but should not advertise substance-use prevention from these findings. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
measured Genes
None recorded
pathways
None recorded
quality
tier
qualified
qualification
Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
false
jadad Score
Not recorded
masking Roles
Assessment staff masked; participants knew training allocation.
harms And Attrition
Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
level
selected-methods
source URLs

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21559213/ · https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/537101 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3087968/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3087968/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.4061%2F2011%2F537101

retrieved At
2026-11-02
Topics and recorded topic scores
  1. key
    language:universal-mind-mobile-lab
    title
    Universal Mind Mobile Lab · Direct response and inspired by
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    3
  2. key
    language:transcendental-meditation-youth
    title
    Transcendental meditation for youth
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    Not recorded
Citation snapshot and identifiers
id
youth-pmid-21559213
doi
10.4061/2011/537101
pmid
21559213
citation Snapshot
count
Not recorded
source
Not recorded
retrieved At
Not recorded
status
not-assessed
citations By Collection
language
Not recorded
Complete approved library record
lab Relevance
relationship
inspired-by
implication
Optional meditation research can measure coping, but should not advertise substance-use prevention from these findings.
transfer Limit
Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
institutions
None recorded
institution Evidence
None recorded
research Topics

Transcendental meditation

publication Status
pmid
21559213
checked At
2026-11-02T01:32:40.540953+00:00
pub Types

research-article · Journal Article

indexed Notices
None recorded
crossref Updates
None recorded
notice Records
None recorded
scope
Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
notice Summary
Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
randomized Study Unit Id
american-university-tm-2006
publication Approval
status
approved-for-publication
approved By
Ben Korbel
approved At
2026-11-02
assessment
AI assessed; human approved for publication
scope
Approved research summaries for Informatics staging. No clinical peer review, treatment recommendation, partner endorsement or production release is claimed.
source Revision
r1-2c94f2ed6930
source Content Hash
2c94f2ed6930cf4aa79ec4824170ddd0b1c136125c46f4fa83ca4e7e01aeafab
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
level
selected-methods
source URLs

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21559213/ · https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/537101 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3087968/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3087968/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.4061%2F2011%2F537101

retrieved At
2026-11-02
study Family Id
american-university-tm-2006
approaches

Transcendental meditation

id
youth-pmid-21559213
aliases
None recorded
title
Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Substance Use among University Students.
journal
Cardiology research and practice
neurotransmitters
None recorded
year
2011
authors
Haaga DA, Grosswald S, Gaylord-King C, Rainforth M, Tanner M, Travis F, Nidich S, Schneider RH.
design
Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
kind
Journal article
identity Conflict
Not recorded
doi
10.4061/2011/537101
pmid
21559213
urls

https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/537101 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21559213/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3087968/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3087968/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.4061%2F2011%2F537101

collections

language

categories

Clinical & self-report

targets
None recorded
priority
1
quotes
None recorded
summary
Smoking and illicit drug use did not differ. An alcohol-use interaction favoured men receiving TM, not women.
limitation
Self-report, waitlist, 25% attrition and sex subgroup finding; not a general substance-use benefit. Same Washington university recruitment, dates and criteria as the BP report; treat as overlapping cohort.
citation Count
Not recorded
citation Snapshot
count
Not recorded
source
Not recorded
retrieved At
Not recorded
status
not-assessed
study Design Assessment
category
single-blind-rct
is Randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
basis
RCT secondary substance-use report
masking Roles
Assessment staff masked; participants knew training allocation.
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21559213/ · https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/537101 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3087968/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3087968/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.4061%2F2011%2F537101

review Scope
selected-methods
paper Trust Assessment
score
2
display Crosses
2
scope
Paper
status
assessed
rating Scale
library-trust-factor/1-3
randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
blinding
single
masking Roles
Assessment staff masked; participants knew training allocation.
basis
RCT secondary substance-use report
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21559213/ · https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/537101 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3087968/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3087968/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.4061%2F2011%2F537101

assessed At
2026-11-02
review Scope
selected-methods
human Approval
false
review Limit
AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
citations By Collection
language
Not recorded
topics
  1. key
    language:universal-mind-mobile-lab
    title
    Universal Mind Mobile Lab · Direct response and inspired by
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    3
  2. key
    language:transcendental-meditation-youth
    title
    Transcendental meditation for youth
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    Not recorded
journal Key
cardiologyresearchandpractice
journal Label
Cardiology research and practice
chapter Entries
  1. id
    language-universal-mind-mobile-lab-youth-pmid-21559213
    aliases
    None recorded
    title
    Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Substance Use among University Students.
    authors
    Haaga DA, Grosswald S, Gaylord-King C, Rainforth M, Tanner M, Travis F, Nidich S, Schneider RH.
    year
    2011
    journal
    Cardiology research and practice
    doi
    10.4061/2011/537101
    pmid
    21559213
    urls

    https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/537101 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21559213/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3087968/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3087968/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.4061%2F2011%2F537101

    collections

    language

    categories

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    targets
    None recorded
    neurotransmitters
    None recorded
    conditions

    substance-use

    condition Evidence
    1. id
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      1. field
        title
        text
        Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Substance Use among University Students.
        matched Text
        Substance Use
      2. field
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        text
        Smoking and illicit drug use did not differ. An alcohol-use interaction favoured men receiving TM, not women.
        matched Text
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      scope
      Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
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    collections

    language

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    youth · adults

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    Mean 25.48 (SD 9.03), university students
    youth Scope
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    The existing youth filter includes adolescents and source-defined young people. It does not establish a separate 16–24 estimate.
    age Fit
    mixed-overlap
    source URL
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    basis Type
    selected-methods-ai-editorial-assessment
    classification Note
    Broad groups describe source-reported populations or review scope. Eligibility and study mean ages are not observed participant ranges; read the reported-age wording.
    community Matches
    None recorded
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    Journal article
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    Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
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    approved-youth-20261102
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    quotes
    None recorded
    finding
    Smoking and illicit drug use did not differ. An alcohol-use interaction favoured men receiving TM, not women.
    summary
    Smoking and illicit drug use did not differ. An alcohol-use interaction favoured men receiving TM, not women.
    limitation
    Self-report, waitlist, 25% attrition and sex subgroup finding; not a general substance-use benefit. Same Washington university recruitment, dates and criteria as the BP report; treat as overlapping cohort.
    evidence
    evidence Type
    Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
    intervention
    TM about 20 minutes twice daily for three months versus waitlist
    provider
    Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
    comparator
    See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
    sample
    295 randomized with pretest; 292 substance-use dataset; 218 posttest
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    Mean 25.48 (SD 9.03), university students
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    mixed-overlap
    sample
    295 randomized with pretest; 292 substance-use dataset; 218 posttest
    setting
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    community
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    Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
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    trial Registries
    None recorded
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    Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
    relationship Note
    Optional meditation research can measure coping, but should not advertise substance-use prevention from these findings. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
    measured Genes
    None recorded
    pathways
    None recorded
    quality
    tier
    qualified
    qualification
    Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
    formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
    false
    jadad Score
    Not recorded
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    Assessment staff masked; participants knew training allocation.
    harms And Attrition
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    2026-11-02
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    assessed At
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    false
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    AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
    jadad
    status
    unassessed
    score
    Not recorded
    citation Count
    Not recorded
    citation Snapshot
    count
    Not recorded
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    Not recorded
    retrieved At
    Not recorded
    status
    not-assessed
    publication Approval
    status
    approved-for-publication
    approved By
    Ben Korbel
    approved At
    2026-11-02
    assessment
    AI assessed; human approved for publication
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    retrieved At
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    None recorded
    research Topics

    Transcendental meditation

    lab Relevance
    relationship
    inspired-by
    implication
    Optional meditation research can measure coping, but should not advertise substance-use prevention from these findings.
    transfer Limit
    Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
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    checked At
    2026-11-02T01:32:40.540953+00:00
    pub Types

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    indexed Notices
    None recorded
    crossref Updates
    None recorded
    notice Records
    None recorded
    scope
    Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
    notice Summary
    Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
    approaches

    Transcendental meditation

    record Id
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    source Pages
    None recorded
    assessment Record
    id
    youth-pmid-21559213
    title
    Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Substance Use among University Students.
    authors
    Haaga DA, Grosswald S, Gaylord-King C, Rainforth M, Tanner M, Travis F, Nidich S, Schneider RH.
    year
    2011
    journal
    Cardiology research and practice
    doi
    10.4061/2011/537101
    pmid
    21559213
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    PMC3087968
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    None recorded
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    Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
    collection
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    Transcendental meditation

    institutions
    None recorded
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    None recorded
    publication Type

    research-article · Journal Article

    study Family Id
    american-university-tm-2006
    randomized Study Unit Id
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    Mean 25.48 (SD 9.03), university students
    age Fit
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    sample
    295 randomized with pretest; 292 substance-use dataset; 218 posttest
    setting
    Not separately established; see population/intervention description
    community
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    TM about 20 minutes twice daily for three months versus waitlist
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    See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
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    RCT secondary substance-use report
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    Not recorded
    findings
    Smoking and illicit drug use did not differ. An alcohol-use interaction favoured men receiving TM, not women.
    limitations
    Self-report, waitlist, 25% attrition and sex subgroup finding; not a general substance-use benefit. Same Washington university recruitment, dates and criteria as the BP report; treat as overlapping cohort.
    harms And Attrition
    Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
    lab Relevance
    relationship
    inspired-by
    implication
    Optional meditation research can measure coping, but should not advertise substance-use prevention from these findings.
    transfer Limit
    Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
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    selected-methods
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    indexed Notices
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    crossref Updates
    None recorded
    notice Records
    None recorded
    scope
    Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
    notice Summary
    Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
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    topic Id
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    topic Title
    Universal Mind Mobile Lab · Direct response and inspired by
    trust Score
    3
  2. id
    language-transcendental-meditation-youth-youth-pmid-21559213
    aliases
    None recorded
    title
    Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Substance Use among University Students.
    authors
    Haaga DA, Grosswald S, Gaylord-King C, Rainforth M, Tanner M, Travis F, Nidich S, Schneider RH.
    year
    2011
    journal
    Cardiology research and practice
    doi
    10.4061/2011/537101
    pmid
    21559213
    urls

    https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/537101 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21559213/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3087968/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3087968/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.4061%2F2011%2F537101

    collections

    language

    categories

    Clinical & self-report

    targets
    None recorded
    neurotransmitters
    None recorded
    conditions

    substance-use

    condition Evidence
    1. id
      substance-use
      evidence
      1. field
        title
        text
        Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Substance Use among University Students.
        matched Text
        Substance Use
      2. field
        findings
        text
        Smoking and illicit drug use did not differ. An alcohol-use interaction favoured men receiving TM, not women.
        matched Text
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      Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
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    youth Scope
    included
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    age Fit
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    Broad groups describe source-reported populations or review scope. Eligibility and study mean ages are not observed participant ranges; read the reported-age wording.
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    None recorded
    kind
    Journal article
    design
    Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
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    approved-youth-20261102
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    None recorded
    finding
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    TM about 20 minutes twice daily for three months versus waitlist
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    community
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    measurement
    Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
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    trial Registries
    None recorded
    registry Scope
    Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
    relationship Note
    Optional meditation research can measure coping, but should not advertise substance-use prevention from these findings. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
    measured Genes
    None recorded
    pathways
    None recorded
    quality
    tier
    qualified
    qualification
    Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
    formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
    false
    jadad Score
    Not recorded
    masking Roles
    Assessment staff masked; participants knew training allocation.
    harms And Attrition
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    source Access
    scope
    selected-methods
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    true
    methods Inspected
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    retrieved At
    2026-11-02
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    true
    peer Reviewed
    true
    basis
    RCT secondary substance-use report
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    Assessment staff masked; participants knew training allocation.
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    2
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    2
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    Paper
    status
    assessed
    rating Scale
    library-trust-factor/1-3
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    true
    peer Reviewed
    true
    blinding
    single
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    Assessment staff masked; participants knew training allocation.
    basis
    RCT secondary substance-use report
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21559213/ · https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/537101 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3087968/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3087968/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.4061%2F2011%2F537101

    assessed At
    2026-11-02
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    selected-methods
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    false
    review Limit
    AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
    jadad
    status
    unassessed
    score
    Not recorded
    citation Count
    Not recorded
    citation Snapshot
    count
    Not recorded
    source
    Not recorded
    retrieved At
    Not recorded
    status
    not-assessed
    publication Approval
    status
    approved-for-publication
    approved By
    Ben Korbel
    approved At
    2026-11-02
    assessment
    AI assessed; human approved for publication
    scope
    Approved research summaries for Informatics staging. No clinical peer review, treatment recommendation, partner endorsement or production release is claimed.
    source Revision
    r1-2c94f2ed6930
    source Content Hash
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    selected-methods
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    true
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    retrieved At
    2026-11-02
    study Family Id
    american-university-tm-2006
    randomized Study Unit Id
    american-university-tm-2006
    institutions
    None recorded
    institution Evidence
    None recorded
    research Topics

    Transcendental meditation

    lab Relevance
    relationship
    inspired-by
    implication
    Optional meditation research can measure coping, but should not advertise substance-use prevention from these findings.
    transfer Limit
    Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
    publication Status
    pmid
    21559213
    checked At
    2026-11-02T01:32:40.540953+00:00
    pub Types

    research-article · Journal Article

    indexed Notices
    None recorded
    crossref Updates
    None recorded
    notice Records
    None recorded
    scope
    Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
    notice Summary
    Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
    approaches

    Transcendental meditation

    record Id
    youth-pmid-21559213
    source Pages
    None recorded
    assessment Record
    id
    youth-pmid-21559213
    title
    Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Substance Use among University Students.
    authors
    Haaga DA, Grosswald S, Gaylord-King C, Rainforth M, Tanner M, Travis F, Nidich S, Schneider RH.
    year
    2011
    journal
    Cardiology research and practice
    doi
    10.4061/2011/537101
    pmid
    21559213
    pmcid
    PMC3087968
    trial Registries
    None recorded
    registry Scope
    Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
    collection
    youth-20261102
    topics

    Transcendental meditation

    institutions
    None recorded
    institution Evidence
    None recorded
    publication Type

    research-article · Journal Article

    study Family Id
    american-university-tm-2006
    randomized Study Unit Id
    american-university-tm-2006
    existing Repository Matches
    None recorded
    population
    age
    Mean 25.48 (SD 9.03), university students
    age Fit
    mixed-overlap
    sample
    295 randomized with pretest; 292 substance-use dataset; 218 posttest
    setting
    Not separately established; see population/intervention description
    community
    Not assigned
    intervention
    description And Dose
    TM about 20 minutes twice daily for three months versus waitlist
    provider
    Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
    comparator
    See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
    design
    description
    RCT secondary substance-use report
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    randomized-report
    randomization Methods Inspected
    true
    masking
    Assessment staff masked; participants knew training allocation.
    double Blinding Verified
    false
    proposed Crosses
    2
    approved Crosses
    Not recorded
    findings
    Smoking and illicit drug use did not differ. An alcohol-use interaction favoured men receiving TM, not women.
    limitations
    Self-report, waitlist, 25% attrition and sex subgroup finding; not a general substance-use benefit. Same Washington university recruitment, dates and criteria as the BP report; treat as overlapping cohort.
    harms And Attrition
    Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
    lab Relevance
    relationship
    inspired-by
    implication
    Optional meditation research can measure coping, but should not advertise substance-use prevention from these findings.
    transfer Limit
    Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
    source Access
    scope
    selected-methods
    full Text Cached
    true
    methods Inspected
    true
    full Text Appraisal Claim
    false
    sources
    1. type
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      sha256
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      hash Scope
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    2. type
      publisher DOI
      url
      https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/537101
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02
    3. type
      PMC article
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      2026-11-02
      access
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    4. type
      full-text-xml
      url
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      retrieved At
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      sha256
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      sha256
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    pmid
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    checked At
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    pub Types

    research-article · Journal Article

    indexed Notices
    None recorded
    crossref Updates
    None recorded
    notice Records
    None recorded
    scope
    Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
    notice Summary
    Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
    quality
    tier
    qualified
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    Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
    formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
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    jadad Score
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    review Ready
    true
    hold Reason
    Not recorded
    duplicate Of
    Not recorded
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    status
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    reviewer
    Not recorded
    approved At
    Not recorded
    decision Scope
    Ben reviews proposed content and release; full medical-paper reading is not required.
    provenance
    Discovered and appraised by AI; pending human content sign-off
    production Eligible
    false
    approved Retrieval Eligible
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    selected Corpus References
    None recorded
    reference Scope
    Explicit publisher reference identifiers; citation is not proof of inclusion in a meta-analysis.
    content Hash
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    None recorded
    collection
    language
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    6
    topic Id
    transcendental-meditation-youth
    topic Title
    Transcendental meditation for youth
    trust Score
    Not recorded
evidence
evidence Type
Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
intervention
TM about 20 minutes twice daily for three months versus waitlist
provider
Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
comparator
See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
sample
295 randomized with pretest; 292 substance-use dataset; 218 posttest
population
age
Mean 25.48 (SD 9.03), university students
age Fit
mixed-overlap
sample
295 randomized with pretest; 292 substance-use dataset; 218 posttest
setting
Not separately established; see population/intervention description
community
Not assigned
measurement
Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
trial Id
american-university-tm-2006
trial Registries
None recorded
registry Scope
Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
relationship Note
Optional meditation research can measure coping, but should not advertise substance-use prevention from these findings. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
measured Genes
None recorded
pathways
None recorded
quality
tier
qualified
qualification
Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
false
jadad Score
Not recorded
masking Roles
Assessment staff masked; participants knew training allocation.
harms And Attrition
Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
level
selected-methods
source URLs

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21559213/ · https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/537101 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3087968/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3087968/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.4061%2F2011%2F537101

retrieved At
2026-11-02
jadad
status
unassessed
score
Not recorded
condition Evidence
  1. id
    substance-use
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    1. field
      title
      text
      Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Substance Use among University Students.
      matched Text
      Substance Use
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      findings
      text
      Smoking and illicit drug use did not differ. An alcohol-use interaction favoured men receiving TM, not women.
      matched Text
      drug use
    scope
    Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
conditions

substance-use

topic Trust Scores

3

full Text
status
not-indexed
retrieval Available
false

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