Effectiveness of arts interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma among youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Gaiha SM, Salisbury TT, Usmani S, Koschorke M, Raman U, Petticrew M. · BMC psychiatry · 2021 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication
Recorded summary
Multiple-art-form interventions showed small stigma-behaviour benefit (effect .28, 95% CI .08–.48); substantial heterogeneity for specific forms.
Recorded limitations
Mixed study designs and predominantly educational/high-income settings; no reported harms does not establish safety; not evidence for stress reduction or fashion skills specifically.
Evidence and provenance
Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.
Study design and assessment
- design
- Systematic review / meta-analysis
- assessment
- category
- review
- is Randomized Controlled Trial
- false
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Systematic review/meta-analysis of arts-based stigma interventions
- masking Roles
- Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294067/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03350-8 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8296649/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8296649/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs12888-021-03350-8
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- library-trust-factor/1-3
- randomized Controlled Trial
- false
- peer Reviewed
- true
- blinding
- not-applicable
- masking Roles
- Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
- basis
- Systematic review/meta-analysis of arts-based stigma interventions
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294067/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03350-8 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8296649/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8296649/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs12888-021-03350-8
- assessed At
- 2026-11-02
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- false
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- AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
- jadad
- status
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- evidence
- evidence Type
- Systematic review / meta-analysis
- intervention
- Not applicable or not established from inspected sections
- provider
- Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
- comparator
- See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
- sample
- 57 studies; 41,621 participants
- population
- age
- 10–24
- age Fit
- mixed-overlap
- sample
- 57 studies; 41,621 participants
- setting
- Not separately established; see population/intervention description
- community
- Not assigned
- measurement
- Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
- trial Id
- publication-34294067
- trial Registries
- None recorded
- registry Scope
- Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
- relationship Note
- Arts may provide a useful context for stigma education and contact; measure this separately from symptom outcomes. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
- measured Genes
- None recorded
- pathways
- None recorded
- quality
- tier
- qualified
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- Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
- formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
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- Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
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- Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
- source Access
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- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02
Topics and recorded topic scores
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- title
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- collection
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- trust Score
- 3
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- language:youth-access-connection
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Citation snapshot and identifiers
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- 10.1186/s12888-021-03350-8
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- Not recorded
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- Not recorded
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Complete approved library record
- lab Relevance
- relationship
- inspired-by
- implication
- Arts may provide a useful context for stigma education and contact; measure this separately from symptom outcomes.
- transfer Limit
- Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
- institutions
- None recorded
- institution Evidence
- None recorded
- research Topics
Youth needs / digital / access
- publication Status
- pmid
- 34294067
- checked At
- 2026-11-02T01:32:45.416119+00:00
- pub Types
Meta-Analysis · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · research-article · Systematic Review · Journal Article
- indexed Notices
- None recorded
- crossref Updates
- None recorded
- notice Records
- None recorded
- scope
- Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
- notice Summary
- Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
- randomized Study Unit Id
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- approved By
- Ben Korbel
- approved At
- 2026-11-02
- assessment
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Youth needs / digital / access
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- aliases
- None recorded
- title
- Effectiveness of arts interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma among youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- journal
- BMC psychiatry
- neurotransmitters
- None recorded
- year
- 2021
- authors
- Gaiha SM, Salisbury TT, Usmani S, Koschorke M, Raman U, Petticrew M.
- design
- Systematic review / meta-analysis
- kind
- Review
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- Not recorded
- doi
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- pmid
- 34294067
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03350-8 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294067/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8296649/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8296649/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs12888-021-03350-8
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Methods & context
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- summary
- Multiple-art-form interventions showed small stigma-behaviour benefit (effect .28, 95% CI .08–.48); substantial heterogeneity for specific forms.
- limitation
- Mixed study designs and predominantly educational/high-income settings; no reported harms does not establish safety; not evidence for stress reduction or fashion skills specifically.
- citation Count
- Not recorded
- citation Snapshot
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- Systematic review/meta-analysis of arts-based stigma interventions
- masking Roles
- Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294067/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03350-8 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8296649/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8296649/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs12888-021-03350-8
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294067/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03350-8 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8296649/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8296649/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs12888-021-03350-8
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- title
- Effectiveness of arts interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma among youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- authors
- Gaiha SM, Salisbury TT, Usmani S, Koschorke M, Raman U, Petticrew M.
- year
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- BMC psychiatry
- doi
- 10.1186/s12888-021-03350-8
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language
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- finding
- Multiple-art-form interventions showed small stigma-behaviour benefit (effect .28, 95% CI .08–.48); substantial heterogeneity for specific forms.
- summary
- Multiple-art-form interventions showed small stigma-behaviour benefit (effect .28, 95% CI .08–.48); substantial heterogeneity for specific forms.
- limitation
- Mixed study designs and predominantly educational/high-income settings; no reported harms does not establish safety; not evidence for stress reduction or fashion skills specifically.
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- See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
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- relationship Note
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- measured Genes
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- Arts may provide a useful context for stigma education and contact; measure this separately from symptom outcomes.
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- Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
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- Effectiveness of arts interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma among youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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- Gaiha SM, Salisbury TT, Usmani S, Koschorke M, Raman U, Petticrew M.
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- Effectiveness of arts interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma among youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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- 34294067
- urls
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03350-8 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294067/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8296649/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8296649/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs12888-021-03350-8
- collections
language
- categories
Methods & context
- targets
- None recorded
- neurotransmitters
- None recorded
- conditions
- None recorded
- condition Evidence
- None recorded
- age Groups
children · adolescents · youth · adults
- age Population
- record Id
- youth-pmid-34294067
- collections
language
- groups
children · adolescents · youth · adults
- reported Ages
- 10–24
- youth Scope
- included
- youth Source Note
- The existing youth filter includes adolescents and source-defined young people. It does not establish a separate 16–24 estimate.
- age Fit
- mixed-overlap
- source URL
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294067/
- basis Type
- selected-methods-ai-editorial-assessment
- classification Note
- Broad groups describe source-reported populations or review scope. Eligibility and study mean ages are not observed participant ranges; read the reported-age wording.
- community Matches
- None recorded
- kind
- Review
- design
- Systematic review / meta-analysis
- origin
- approved-youth-20261102
- priority
- 1
- quotes
- None recorded
- finding
- Multiple-art-form interventions showed small stigma-behaviour benefit (effect .28, 95% CI .08–.48); substantial heterogeneity for specific forms.
- summary
- Multiple-art-form interventions showed small stigma-behaviour benefit (effect .28, 95% CI .08–.48); substantial heterogeneity for specific forms.
- limitation
- Mixed study designs and predominantly educational/high-income settings; no reported harms does not establish safety; not evidence for stress reduction or fashion skills specifically.
- evidence
- evidence Type
- Systematic review / meta-analysis
- intervention
- Not applicable or not established from inspected sections
- provider
- Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
- comparator
- See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
- sample
- 57 studies; 41,621 participants
- population
- age
- 10–24
- age Fit
- mixed-overlap
- sample
- 57 studies; 41,621 participants
- setting
- Not separately established; see population/intervention description
- community
- Not assigned
- measurement
- Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
- trial Id
- publication-34294067
- trial Registries
- None recorded
- registry Scope
- Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
- relationship Note
- Arts may provide a useful context for stigma education and contact; measure this separately from symptom outcomes. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
- measured Genes
- None recorded
- pathways
- None recorded
- quality
- tier
- qualified
- qualification
- Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
- formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
- false
- jadad Score
- Not recorded
- masking Roles
- Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
- harms And Attrition
- Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
- source Access
- scope
- selected-methods
- full Text Cached
- true
- methods Inspected
- true
- full Text Appraisal Claim
- false
- level
- selected-methods
- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294067/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03350-8 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8296649/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8296649/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs12888-021-03350-8
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02
- study Design Assessment
- category
- review
- is Randomized Controlled Trial
- false
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Systematic review/meta-analysis of arts-based stigma interventions
- masking Roles
- Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294067/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03350-8 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8296649/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8296649/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs12888-021-03350-8
- review Scope
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- score
- 1
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- 1
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- library-trust-factor/1-3
- randomized Controlled Trial
- false
- peer Reviewed
- true
- blinding
- not-applicable
- masking Roles
- Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
- basis
- Systematic review/meta-analysis of arts-based stigma interventions
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294067/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03350-8 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8296649/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8296649/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs12888-021-03350-8
- assessed At
- 2026-11-02
- review Scope
- selected-methods
- human Approval
- false
- review Limit
- AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
- jadad
- status
- not-applicable
- score
- Not recorded
- citation Count
- Not recorded
- citation Snapshot
- count
- Not recorded
- source
- Not recorded
- retrieved At
- Not recorded
- status
- not-assessed
- publication Approval
- status
- approved-for-publication
- approved By
- Ben Korbel
- approved At
- 2026-11-02
- assessment
- AI assessed; human approved for publication
- scope
- Approved research summaries for Informatics staging. No clinical peer review, treatment recommendation, partner endorsement or production release is claimed.
- source Revision
- r1-a14eab8a0ecf
- source Content Hash
- a14eab8a0ecf9ac6899138d0d619be25bb0fab29770a1afb2c3a16adcc323b9c
- source Access
- scope
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- full Text Cached
- true
- methods Inspected
- true
- full Text Appraisal Claim
- false
- level
- selected-methods
- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294067/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03350-8 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8296649/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8296649/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs12888-021-03350-8
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02
- study Family Id
- publication-34294067
- randomized Study Unit Id
- Not recorded
- institutions
- None recorded
- institution Evidence
- None recorded
- research Topics
Youth needs / digital / access
- lab Relevance
- relationship
- inspired-by
- implication
- Arts may provide a useful context for stigma education and contact; measure this separately from symptom outcomes.
- transfer Limit
- Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
- publication Status
- pmid
- 34294067
- checked At
- 2026-11-02T01:32:45.416119+00:00
- pub Types
Meta-Analysis · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · research-article · Systematic Review · Journal Article
- indexed Notices
- None recorded
- crossref Updates
- None recorded
- notice Records
- None recorded
- scope
- Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
- notice Summary
- Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
- approaches
Youth needs / digital / access
- record Id
- youth-pmid-34294067
- source Pages
- None recorded
- assessment Record
- id
- youth-pmid-34294067
- title
- Effectiveness of arts interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma among youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- authors
- Gaiha SM, Salisbury TT, Usmani S, Koschorke M, Raman U, Petticrew M.
- year
- 2021
- journal
- BMC psychiatry
- doi
- 10.1186/s12888-021-03350-8
- pmid
- 34294067
- pmcid
- PMC8296649
- trial Registries
- None recorded
- registry Scope
- Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
- collection
- youth-20261102
- topics
Youth needs / digital / access
- institutions
- None recorded
- institution Evidence
- None recorded
- publication Type
Meta-Analysis · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · research-article · Systematic Review · Journal Article
- study Family Id
- publication-34294067
- randomized Study Unit Id
- Not recorded
- existing Repository Matches
- None recorded
- population
- age
- 10–24
- age Fit
- mixed-overlap
- sample
- 57 studies; 41,621 participants
- setting
- Not separately established; see population/intervention description
- community
- Not assigned
- intervention
- description And Dose
- Not applicable or not established from inspected sections
- provider
- Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
- comparator
- See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
- design
- description
- Systematic review/meta-analysis of arts-based stigma interventions
- category
- review
- randomization Methods Inspected
- false
- masking
- Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
- double Blinding Verified
- false
- proposed Crosses
- 1
- approved Crosses
- Not recorded
- findings
- Multiple-art-form interventions showed small stigma-behaviour benefit (effect .28, 95% CI .08–.48); substantial heterogeneity for specific forms.
- limitations
- Mixed study designs and predominantly educational/high-income settings; no reported harms does not establish safety; not evidence for stress reduction or fashion skills specifically.
- harms And Attrition
- Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
- lab Relevance
- relationship
- inspired-by
- implication
- Arts may provide a useful context for stigma education and contact; measure this separately from symptom outcomes.
- transfer Limit
- Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
- source Access
- scope
- selected-methods
- full Text Cached
- true
- methods Inspected
- true
- full Text Appraisal Claim
- false
- sources
- type
- primary bibliographic record
- url
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294067/
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02
- sha256
- 920b0ac29397bdd4c128087f49e05223f4c488e8bcd5a1a54d3db1f0b2ff7471
- hash Scope
- normalized Europe PMC core metadata snapshot
- type
- publisher DOI
- url
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03350-8
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02
- type
- PMC article
- url
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8296649/
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02
- access
- Full text cached
- type
- full-text-xml
- url
- https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8296649/fullTextXML
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02T00:58:42.344637+00:00
- sha256
- 049fb4b657a011cc98c50d30e669dbcc3c9942eaad40987ec23063596fcc9fec
- type
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- https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs12888-021-03350-8
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- 2026-11-02T00:58:42.349726+00:00
- sha256
- f244563c824c8b05cc7d1e4438ed6a4d685280ce78749eac5233e96d3d600241
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- checked At
- 2026-11-02T01:32:45.416119+00:00
- pub Types
Meta-Analysis · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · research-article · Systematic Review · Journal Article
- indexed Notices
- None recorded
- crossref Updates
- None recorded
- notice Records
- None recorded
- scope
- Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
- notice Summary
- Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
- quality
- tier
- qualified
- qualification
- Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
- formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
- false
- jadad Score
- Not recorded
- review Ready
- true
- hold Reason
- Not recorded
- duplicate Of
- Not recorded
- review
- status
- pending
- reviewer
- Not recorded
- approved At
- Not recorded
- decision Scope
- Ben reviews proposed content and release; full medical-paper reading is not required.
- provenance
- Discovered and appraised by AI; pending human content sign-off
- production Eligible
- false
- approved Retrieval Eligible
- false
- selected Corpus References
- None recorded
- reference Scope
- Explicit publisher reference identifiers; citation is not proof of inclusion in a meta-analysis.
- content Hash
- a14eab8a0ecf9ac6899138d0d619be25bb0fab29770a1afb2c3a16adcc323b9c
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- archive Entries
- None recorded
- collection
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- chapter Number
- 6
- topic Id
- youth-access-connection
- topic Title
- Youth access, digital support and connection
- trust Score
- 3
- evidence
- evidence Type
- Systematic review / meta-analysis
- intervention
- Not applicable or not established from inspected sections
- provider
- Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
- comparator
- See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
- sample
- 57 studies; 41,621 participants
- population
- age
- 10–24
- age Fit
- mixed-overlap
- sample
- 57 studies; 41,621 participants
- setting
- Not separately established; see population/intervention description
- community
- Not assigned
- measurement
- Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
- trial Id
- publication-34294067
- trial Registries
- None recorded
- registry Scope
- Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
- relationship Note
- Arts may provide a useful context for stigma education and contact; measure this separately from symptom outcomes. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
- measured Genes
- None recorded
- pathways
- None recorded
- quality
- tier
- qualified
- qualification
- Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
- formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
- false
- jadad Score
- Not recorded
- masking Roles
- Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
- harms And Attrition
- Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
- source Access
- scope
- selected-methods
- full Text Cached
- true
- methods Inspected
- true
- full Text Appraisal Claim
- false
- level
- selected-methods
- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294067/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03350-8 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8296649/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8296649/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs12888-021-03350-8
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02
- jadad
- status
- not-applicable
- score
- Not recorded
- condition Evidence
- None recorded
- conditions
- None recorded
- topic Trust Scores
3
- full Text
- status
- not-indexed
- retrieval Available
- false