Universal Informatics · Research reading room

The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in reducing anxiety among female university students with primary dysmenorrhea.

Valedi S, MoradiBaglooei M, Ranjbaran M, Chegini V, Chegini V, Griffiths MD, Alimoradi Z. · BMC psychology · 2022 · Randomized controlled trial report · double blinding not verified

Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication

Recorded summary

EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.

Recorded limitations

Condition-specific sample, brief intervention, 10 non-completers and no isolated target-age estimate.

Evidence and provenance

Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.

Study design and assessment
design
Randomized controlled trial report · double blinding not verified
assessment
category
rct-masking-unclear
is Randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
basis
rct
masking Roles
Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

review Scope
selected-methods
trust Factor
score
2
display Crosses
2
scope
Paper
status
assessed
rating Scale
library-trust-factor/1-3
randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
blinding
not-confirmed
masking Roles
Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
basis
rct
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

assessed At
2026-11-02
review Scope
selected-methods
human Approval
false
review Limit
AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
jadad
status
unassessed
score
Not recorded
evidence
evidence Type
Randomized controlled trial report · double blinding not verified
intervention
Two individual approximately one-hour EMDR sessions versus comparison condition; anxiety assessed at the next menstrual period.
provider
Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
comparator
See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
sample
88 randomized; 78 completed, 39 per group.
population
age
Female university students eligible at 18–35; no separate 16–24 analysis.
age Fit
mixed-overlap
sample
88 randomized; 78 completed, 39 per group.
setting
Not separately established; see population/intervention description
community
Not assigned
measurement
Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
trial Id
publication-35241174
trial Registries
None recorded
registry Scope
Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
relationship Note
Do not generalise EMDR evidence into a claim that it reduces every form of anxiety. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
measured Genes
None recorded
pathways
None recorded
quality
tier
qualified
qualification
Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
false
jadad Score
Not recorded
masking Roles
Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
harms And Attrition
Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
level
selected-methods
source URLs

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

retrieved At
2026-11-02
Topics and recorded topic scores
  1. key
    vision:universal-mind-mobile-lab
    title
    Universal Mind Mobile Lab · Direct response and inspired by
    collection
    vision
    trust Score
    2
  2. key
    vision:emdr-youth
    title
    EMDR for youth
    collection
    vision
    trust Score
    2
  3. key
    vision:youth-access-connection
    title
    Youth access, digital support and connection
    collection
    vision
    trust Score
    Not recorded
Citation snapshot and identifiers
id
youth-pmid-35241174
doi
10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0
pmid
35241174
citation Snapshot
count
Not recorded
source
Not recorded
retrieved At
Not recorded
status
not-assessed
citations By Collection
vision
Not recorded
Complete approved library record
lab Relevance
relationship
limits
implication
Do not generalise EMDR evidence into a claim that it reduces every form of anxiety.
transfer Limit
Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
institutions
None recorded
institution Evidence
None recorded
research Topics

EMDR · Youth needs / digital / access

publication Status
pmid
35241174
checked At
2026-11-02T01:32:46.744604+00:00
pub Types

research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article

indexed Notices
None recorded
crossref Updates
None recorded
notice Records
None recorded
scope
Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
notice Summary
Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
randomized Study Unit Id
publication-35241174
publication Approval
status
approved-for-publication
approved By
Ben Korbel
approved At
2026-11-02
assessment
AI assessed; human approved for publication
scope
Approved research summaries for Informatics staging. No clinical peer review, treatment recommendation, partner endorsement or production release is claimed.
source Revision
r1-6d7d3b9d7d08
source Content Hash
6d7d3b9d7d088ef5726dadb72c8ea6fe69562611989466e633d57c62aef5dbc9
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
level
selected-methods
source URLs

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

retrieved At
2026-11-02
study Family Id
publication-35241174
approaches

EMDR · Youth needs / digital / access

id
youth-pmid-35241174
aliases
None recorded
title
The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in reducing anxiety among female university students with primary dysmenorrhea.
journal
BMC psychology
neurotransmitters
None recorded
year
2022
authors
Valedi S, MoradiBaglooei M, Ranjbaran M, Chegini V, Chegini V, Griffiths MD, Alimoradi Z.
design
Randomized controlled trial report · double blinding not verified
kind
Journal article
identity Conflict
Not recorded
doi
10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0
pmid
35241174
urls

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

collections

vision

categories

Clinical & self-report

targets
None recorded
priority
1
quotes
None recorded
summary
EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
limitation
Condition-specific sample, brief intervention, 10 non-completers and no isolated target-age estimate.
citation Count
Not recorded
citation Snapshot
count
Not recorded
source
Not recorded
retrieved At
Not recorded
status
not-assessed
study Design Assessment
category
rct-masking-unclear
is Randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
basis
rct
masking Roles
Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

review Scope
selected-methods
paper Trust Assessment
score
2
display Crosses
2
scope
Paper
status
assessed
rating Scale
library-trust-factor/1-3
randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
blinding
not-confirmed
masking Roles
Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
basis
rct
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

assessed At
2026-11-02
review Scope
selected-methods
human Approval
false
review Limit
AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
citations By Collection
vision
Not recorded
topics
  1. key
    vision:universal-mind-mobile-lab
    title
    Universal Mind Mobile Lab · Direct response and inspired by
    collection
    vision
    trust Score
    2
  2. key
    vision:emdr-youth
    title
    EMDR for youth
    collection
    vision
    trust Score
    2
  3. key
    vision:youth-access-connection
    title
    Youth access, digital support and connection
    collection
    vision
    trust Score
    Not recorded
journal Key
bmcpsychology
journal Label
BMC psychology
chapter Entries
  1. id
    vision-universal-mind-mobile-lab-youth-pmid-35241174
    aliases
    None recorded
    title
    The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in reducing anxiety among female university students with primary dysmenorrhea.
    authors
    Valedi S, MoradiBaglooei M, Ranjbaran M, Chegini V, Chegini V, Griffiths MD, Alimoradi Z.
    year
    2022
    journal
    BMC psychology
    doi
    10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0
    pmid
    35241174
    urls

    https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

    collections

    vision

    categories

    Clinical & self-report

    targets
    None recorded
    neurotransmitters
    None recorded
    conditions

    anxiety · trauma

    condition Evidence
    1. id
      anxiety
      evidence
      1. field
        title
        text
        The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in reducing anxiety among female university students with primary dysmenorrhea.
        matched Text
        anxiety
      2. field
        findings
        text
        EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
        matched Text
        anxiety
      scope
      Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
    2. id
      trauma
      evidence
      1. field
        findings
        text
        EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
        matched Text
        trauma
      scope
      Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
    age Groups

    youth · adults

    age Population
    record Id
    youth-pmid-35241174
    collections

    vision

    groups

    youth · adults

    reported Ages
    Female university students eligible at 18–35; no separate 16–24 analysis.
    youth Scope
    included
    youth Source Note
    The existing youth filter includes adolescents and source-defined young people. It does not establish a separate 16–24 estimate.
    age Fit
    mixed-overlap
    source URL
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/
    basis Type
    selected-methods-ai-editorial-assessment
    classification Note
    Broad groups describe source-reported populations or review scope. Eligibility and study mean ages are not observed participant ranges; read the reported-age wording.
    community Matches
    None recorded
    kind
    Journal article
    design
    Randomized controlled trial report · double blinding not verified
    origin
    approved-youth-20261102
    priority
    1
    quotes
    None recorded
    finding
    EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
    summary
    EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
    limitation
    Condition-specific sample, brief intervention, 10 non-completers and no isolated target-age estimate.
    evidence
    evidence Type
    Randomized controlled trial report · double blinding not verified
    intervention
    Two individual approximately one-hour EMDR sessions versus comparison condition; anxiety assessed at the next menstrual period.
    provider
    Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
    comparator
    See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
    sample
    88 randomized; 78 completed, 39 per group.
    population
    age
    Female university students eligible at 18–35; no separate 16–24 analysis.
    age Fit
    mixed-overlap
    sample
    88 randomized; 78 completed, 39 per group.
    setting
    Not separately established; see population/intervention description
    community
    Not assigned
    measurement
    Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
    trial Id
    publication-35241174
    trial Registries
    None recorded
    registry Scope
    Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
    relationship Note
    Do not generalise EMDR evidence into a claim that it reduces every form of anxiety. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
    measured Genes
    None recorded
    pathways
    None recorded
    quality
    tier
    qualified
    qualification
    Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
    formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
    false
    jadad Score
    Not recorded
    masking Roles
    Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
    harms And Attrition
    Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
    source Access
    scope
    selected-methods
    full Text Cached
    true
    methods Inspected
    true
    full Text Appraisal Claim
    false
    level
    selected-methods
    source URLs

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

    retrieved At
    2026-11-02
    study Design Assessment
    category
    rct-masking-unclear
    is Randomized Controlled Trial
    true
    peer Reviewed
    true
    basis
    rct
    masking Roles
    Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

    review Scope
    selected-methods
    paper Trust Assessment
    score
    2
    display Crosses
    2
    scope
    Paper
    status
    assessed
    rating Scale
    library-trust-factor/1-3
    randomized Controlled Trial
    true
    peer Reviewed
    true
    blinding
    not-confirmed
    masking Roles
    Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
    basis
    rct
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

    assessed At
    2026-11-02
    review Scope
    selected-methods
    human Approval
    false
    review Limit
    AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
    jadad
    status
    unassessed
    score
    Not recorded
    citation Count
    Not recorded
    citation Snapshot
    count
    Not recorded
    source
    Not recorded
    retrieved At
    Not recorded
    status
    not-assessed
    publication Approval
    status
    approved-for-publication
    approved By
    Ben Korbel
    approved At
    2026-11-02
    assessment
    AI assessed; human approved for publication
    scope
    Approved research summaries for Informatics staging. No clinical peer review, treatment recommendation, partner endorsement or production release is claimed.
    source Revision
    r1-6d7d3b9d7d08
    source Content Hash
    6d7d3b9d7d088ef5726dadb72c8ea6fe69562611989466e633d57c62aef5dbc9
    source Access
    scope
    selected-methods
    full Text Cached
    true
    methods Inspected
    true
    full Text Appraisal Claim
    false
    level
    selected-methods
    source URLs

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

    retrieved At
    2026-11-02
    study Family Id
    publication-35241174
    randomized Study Unit Id
    publication-35241174
    institutions
    None recorded
    institution Evidence
    None recorded
    research Topics

    EMDR · Youth needs / digital / access

    lab Relevance
    relationship
    limits
    implication
    Do not generalise EMDR evidence into a claim that it reduces every form of anxiety.
    transfer Limit
    Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
    publication Status
    pmid
    35241174
    checked At
    2026-11-02T01:32:46.744604+00:00
    pub Types

    research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article

    indexed Notices
    None recorded
    crossref Updates
    None recorded
    notice Records
    None recorded
    scope
    Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
    notice Summary
    Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
    approaches

    EMDR · Youth needs / digital / access

    record Id
    youth-pmid-35241174
    source Pages
    None recorded
    assessment Record
    id
    youth-pmid-35241174
    title
    The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in reducing anxiety among female university students with primary dysmenorrhea.
    authors
    Valedi S, MoradiBaglooei M, Ranjbaran M, Chegini V, Chegini V, Griffiths MD, Alimoradi Z.
    year
    2022
    journal
    BMC psychology
    doi
    10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0
    pmid
    35241174
    pmcid
    PMC8896095
    trial Registries
    None recorded
    registry Scope
    Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
    collection
    youth-20261102
    topics

    EMDR · Youth needs / digital / access

    institutions
    None recorded
    institution Evidence
    None recorded
    publication Type

    research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article

    study Family Id
    publication-35241174
    randomized Study Unit Id
    publication-35241174
    existing Repository Matches
    None recorded
    population
    age
    Female university students eligible at 18–35; no separate 16–24 analysis.
    age Fit
    mixed-overlap
    sample
    88 randomized; 78 completed, 39 per group.
    setting
    Not separately established; see population/intervention description
    community
    Not assigned
    intervention
    description And Dose
    Two individual approximately one-hour EMDR sessions versus comparison condition; anxiety assessed at the next menstrual period.
    provider
    Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
    comparator
    See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
    design
    description
    rct
    category
    randomized-report
    randomization Methods Inspected
    true
    masking
    Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
    double Blinding Verified
    false
    proposed Crosses
    2
    approved Crosses
    Not recorded
    findings
    EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
    limitations
    Condition-specific sample, brief intervention, 10 non-completers and no isolated target-age estimate.
    harms And Attrition
    Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
    lab Relevance
    relationship
    limits
    implication
    Do not generalise EMDR evidence into a claim that it reduces every form of anxiety.
    transfer Limit
    Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
    source Access
    scope
    selected-methods
    full Text Cached
    true
    methods Inspected
    true
    full Text Appraisal Claim
    false
    sources
    1. type
      primary bibliographic record
      url
      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02
      sha256
      d13978bbd45dc5a55db1f301307ef946491d56b8b30ce23fdcf9534573c23af7
      hash Scope
      normalized Europe PMC core metadata snapshot
    2. type
      publisher DOI
      url
      https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02
    3. type
      PMC article
      url
      https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02
      access
      Full text cached
    4. type
      full-text-xml
      url
      https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02T00:58:44.613334+00:00
      sha256
      f9e8bea63c2aa3de69f37ec6690c61775baec3ea03ff41823d08bb07b76ea406
    5. type
      DOI-metadata
      url
      https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02T00:58:44.615855+00:00
      sha256
      72ec49de66f171577fd3f127e44a0888cccf99aef000eb8763ee5429eb4853e9
    publication Status
    pmid
    35241174
    checked At
    2026-11-02T01:32:46.744604+00:00
    pub Types

    research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article

    indexed Notices
    None recorded
    crossref Updates
    None recorded
    notice Records
    None recorded
    scope
    Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
    notice Summary
    Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
    quality
    tier
    qualified
    qualification
    Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
    formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
    false
    jadad Score
    Not recorded
    review Ready
    true
    hold Reason
    Not recorded
    duplicate Of
    Not recorded
    review
    status
    pending
    reviewer
    Not recorded
    approved At
    Not recorded
    decision Scope
    Ben reviews proposed content and release; full medical-paper reading is not required.
    provenance
    Discovered and appraised by AI; pending human content sign-off
    production Eligible
    false
    approved Retrieval Eligible
    false
    selected Corpus References
    None recorded
    reference Scope
    Explicit publisher reference identifiers; citation is not proof of inclusion in a meta-analysis.
    content Hash
    6d7d3b9d7d088ef5726dadb72c8ea6fe69562611989466e633d57c62aef5dbc9
    revision
    r1-6d7d3b9d7d08
    archive Entries
    None recorded
    collection
    vision
    chapter Number
    8
    topic Id
    universal-mind-mobile-lab
    topic Title
    Universal Mind Mobile Lab · Direct response and inspired by
    trust Score
    2
  2. id
    vision-emdr-youth-youth-pmid-35241174
    aliases
    None recorded
    title
    The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in reducing anxiety among female university students with primary dysmenorrhea.
    authors
    Valedi S, MoradiBaglooei M, Ranjbaran M, Chegini V, Chegini V, Griffiths MD, Alimoradi Z.
    year
    2022
    journal
    BMC psychology
    doi
    10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0
    pmid
    35241174
    urls

    https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

    collections

    vision

    categories

    Clinical & self-report

    targets
    None recorded
    neurotransmitters
    None recorded
    conditions

    anxiety · trauma

    condition Evidence
    1. id
      anxiety
      evidence
      1. field
        title
        text
        The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in reducing anxiety among female university students with primary dysmenorrhea.
        matched Text
        anxiety
      2. field
        findings
        text
        EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
        matched Text
        anxiety
      scope
      Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
    2. id
      trauma
      evidence
      1. field
        findings
        text
        EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
        matched Text
        trauma
      scope
      Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
    age Groups

    youth · adults

    age Population
    record Id
    youth-pmid-35241174
    collections

    vision

    groups

    youth · adults

    reported Ages
    Female university students eligible at 18–35; no separate 16–24 analysis.
    youth Scope
    included
    youth Source Note
    The existing youth filter includes adolescents and source-defined young people. It does not establish a separate 16–24 estimate.
    age Fit
    mixed-overlap
    source URL
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/
    basis Type
    selected-methods-ai-editorial-assessment
    classification Note
    Broad groups describe source-reported populations or review scope. Eligibility and study mean ages are not observed participant ranges; read the reported-age wording.
    community Matches
    None recorded
    kind
    Journal article
    design
    Randomized controlled trial report · double blinding not verified
    origin
    approved-youth-20261102
    priority
    1
    quotes
    None recorded
    finding
    EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
    summary
    EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
    limitation
    Condition-specific sample, brief intervention, 10 non-completers and no isolated target-age estimate.
    evidence
    evidence Type
    Randomized controlled trial report · double blinding not verified
    intervention
    Two individual approximately one-hour EMDR sessions versus comparison condition; anxiety assessed at the next menstrual period.
    provider
    Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
    comparator
    See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
    sample
    88 randomized; 78 completed, 39 per group.
    population
    age
    Female university students eligible at 18–35; no separate 16–24 analysis.
    age Fit
    mixed-overlap
    sample
    88 randomized; 78 completed, 39 per group.
    setting
    Not separately established; see population/intervention description
    community
    Not assigned
    measurement
    Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
    trial Id
    publication-35241174
    trial Registries
    None recorded
    registry Scope
    Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
    relationship Note
    Do not generalise EMDR evidence into a claim that it reduces every form of anxiety. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
    measured Genes
    None recorded
    pathways
    None recorded
    quality
    tier
    qualified
    qualification
    Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
    formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
    false
    jadad Score
    Not recorded
    masking Roles
    Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
    harms And Attrition
    Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
    source Access
    scope
    selected-methods
    full Text Cached
    true
    methods Inspected
    true
    full Text Appraisal Claim
    false
    level
    selected-methods
    source URLs

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

    retrieved At
    2026-11-02
    study Design Assessment
    category
    rct-masking-unclear
    is Randomized Controlled Trial
    true
    peer Reviewed
    true
    basis
    rct
    masking Roles
    Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

    review Scope
    selected-methods
    paper Trust Assessment
    score
    2
    display Crosses
    2
    scope
    Paper
    status
    assessed
    rating Scale
    library-trust-factor/1-3
    randomized Controlled Trial
    true
    peer Reviewed
    true
    blinding
    not-confirmed
    masking Roles
    Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
    basis
    rct
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

    assessed At
    2026-11-02
    review Scope
    selected-methods
    human Approval
    false
    review Limit
    AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
    jadad
    status
    unassessed
    score
    Not recorded
    citation Count
    Not recorded
    citation Snapshot
    count
    Not recorded
    source
    Not recorded
    retrieved At
    Not recorded
    status
    not-assessed
    publication Approval
    status
    approved-for-publication
    approved By
    Ben Korbel
    approved At
    2026-11-02
    assessment
    AI assessed; human approved for publication
    scope
    Approved research summaries for Informatics staging. No clinical peer review, treatment recommendation, partner endorsement or production release is claimed.
    source Revision
    r1-6d7d3b9d7d08
    source Content Hash
    6d7d3b9d7d088ef5726dadb72c8ea6fe69562611989466e633d57c62aef5dbc9
    source Access
    scope
    selected-methods
    full Text Cached
    true
    methods Inspected
    true
    full Text Appraisal Claim
    false
    level
    selected-methods
    source URLs

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

    retrieved At
    2026-11-02
    study Family Id
    publication-35241174
    randomized Study Unit Id
    publication-35241174
    institutions
    None recorded
    institution Evidence
    None recorded
    research Topics

    EMDR · Youth needs / digital / access

    lab Relevance
    relationship
    limits
    implication
    Do not generalise EMDR evidence into a claim that it reduces every form of anxiety.
    transfer Limit
    Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
    publication Status
    pmid
    35241174
    checked At
    2026-11-02T01:32:46.744604+00:00
    pub Types

    research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article

    indexed Notices
    None recorded
    crossref Updates
    None recorded
    notice Records
    None recorded
    scope
    Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
    notice Summary
    Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
    approaches

    EMDR · Youth needs / digital / access

    record Id
    youth-pmid-35241174
    source Pages
    None recorded
    assessment Record
    id
    youth-pmid-35241174
    title
    The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in reducing anxiety among female university students with primary dysmenorrhea.
    authors
    Valedi S, MoradiBaglooei M, Ranjbaran M, Chegini V, Chegini V, Griffiths MD, Alimoradi Z.
    year
    2022
    journal
    BMC psychology
    doi
    10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0
    pmid
    35241174
    pmcid
    PMC8896095
    trial Registries
    None recorded
    registry Scope
    Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
    collection
    youth-20261102
    topics

    EMDR · Youth needs / digital / access

    institutions
    None recorded
    institution Evidence
    None recorded
    publication Type

    research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article

    study Family Id
    publication-35241174
    randomized Study Unit Id
    publication-35241174
    existing Repository Matches
    None recorded
    population
    age
    Female university students eligible at 18–35; no separate 16–24 analysis.
    age Fit
    mixed-overlap
    sample
    88 randomized; 78 completed, 39 per group.
    setting
    Not separately established; see population/intervention description
    community
    Not assigned
    intervention
    description And Dose
    Two individual approximately one-hour EMDR sessions versus comparison condition; anxiety assessed at the next menstrual period.
    provider
    Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
    comparator
    See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
    design
    description
    rct
    category
    randomized-report
    randomization Methods Inspected
    true
    masking
    Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
    double Blinding Verified
    false
    proposed Crosses
    2
    approved Crosses
    Not recorded
    findings
    EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
    limitations
    Condition-specific sample, brief intervention, 10 non-completers and no isolated target-age estimate.
    harms And Attrition
    Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
    lab Relevance
    relationship
    limits
    implication
    Do not generalise EMDR evidence into a claim that it reduces every form of anxiety.
    transfer Limit
    Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
    source Access
    scope
    selected-methods
    full Text Cached
    true
    methods Inspected
    true
    full Text Appraisal Claim
    false
    sources
    1. type
      primary bibliographic record
      url
      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02
      sha256
      d13978bbd45dc5a55db1f301307ef946491d56b8b30ce23fdcf9534573c23af7
      hash Scope
      normalized Europe PMC core metadata snapshot
    2. type
      publisher DOI
      url
      https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02
    3. type
      PMC article
      url
      https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02
      access
      Full text cached
    4. type
      full-text-xml
      url
      https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02T00:58:44.613334+00:00
      sha256
      f9e8bea63c2aa3de69f37ec6690c61775baec3ea03ff41823d08bb07b76ea406
    5. type
      DOI-metadata
      url
      https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02T00:58:44.615855+00:00
      sha256
      72ec49de66f171577fd3f127e44a0888cccf99aef000eb8763ee5429eb4853e9
    publication Status
    pmid
    35241174
    checked At
    2026-11-02T01:32:46.744604+00:00
    pub Types

    research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article

    indexed Notices
    None recorded
    crossref Updates
    None recorded
    notice Records
    None recorded
    scope
    Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
    notice Summary
    Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
    quality
    tier
    qualified
    qualification
    Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
    formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
    false
    jadad Score
    Not recorded
    review Ready
    true
    hold Reason
    Not recorded
    duplicate Of
    Not recorded
    review
    status
    pending
    reviewer
    Not recorded
    approved At
    Not recorded
    decision Scope
    Ben reviews proposed content and release; full medical-paper reading is not required.
    provenance
    Discovered and appraised by AI; pending human content sign-off
    production Eligible
    false
    approved Retrieval Eligible
    false
    selected Corpus References
    None recorded
    reference Scope
    Explicit publisher reference identifiers; citation is not proof of inclusion in a meta-analysis.
    content Hash
    6d7d3b9d7d088ef5726dadb72c8ea6fe69562611989466e633d57c62aef5dbc9
    revision
    r1-6d7d3b9d7d08
    archive Entries
    None recorded
    collection
    vision
    chapter Number
    8
    topic Id
    emdr-youth
    topic Title
    EMDR for youth
    trust Score
    2
  3. id
    vision-youth-access-connection-youth-pmid-35241174
    aliases
    None recorded
    title
    The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in reducing anxiety among female university students with primary dysmenorrhea.
    authors
    Valedi S, MoradiBaglooei M, Ranjbaran M, Chegini V, Chegini V, Griffiths MD, Alimoradi Z.
    year
    2022
    journal
    BMC psychology
    doi
    10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0
    pmid
    35241174
    urls

    https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

    collections

    vision

    categories

    Clinical & self-report

    targets
    None recorded
    neurotransmitters
    None recorded
    conditions

    anxiety · trauma

    condition Evidence
    1. id
      anxiety
      evidence
      1. field
        title
        text
        The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in reducing anxiety among female university students with primary dysmenorrhea.
        matched Text
        anxiety
      2. field
        findings
        text
        EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
        matched Text
        anxiety
      scope
      Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
    2. id
      trauma
      evidence
      1. field
        findings
        text
        EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
        matched Text
        trauma
      scope
      Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
    age Groups

    youth · adults

    age Population
    record Id
    youth-pmid-35241174
    collections

    vision

    groups

    youth · adults

    reported Ages
    Female university students eligible at 18–35; no separate 16–24 analysis.
    youth Scope
    included
    youth Source Note
    The existing youth filter includes adolescents and source-defined young people. It does not establish a separate 16–24 estimate.
    age Fit
    mixed-overlap
    source URL
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/
    basis Type
    selected-methods-ai-editorial-assessment
    classification Note
    Broad groups describe source-reported populations or review scope. Eligibility and study mean ages are not observed participant ranges; read the reported-age wording.
    community Matches
    None recorded
    kind
    Journal article
    design
    Randomized controlled trial report · double blinding not verified
    origin
    approved-youth-20261102
    priority
    1
    quotes
    None recorded
    finding
    EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
    summary
    EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
    limitation
    Condition-specific sample, brief intervention, 10 non-completers and no isolated target-age estimate.
    evidence
    evidence Type
    Randomized controlled trial report · double blinding not verified
    intervention
    Two individual approximately one-hour EMDR sessions versus comparison condition; anxiety assessed at the next menstrual period.
    provider
    Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
    comparator
    See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
    sample
    88 randomized; 78 completed, 39 per group.
    population
    age
    Female university students eligible at 18–35; no separate 16–24 analysis.
    age Fit
    mixed-overlap
    sample
    88 randomized; 78 completed, 39 per group.
    setting
    Not separately established; see population/intervention description
    community
    Not assigned
    measurement
    Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
    trial Id
    publication-35241174
    trial Registries
    None recorded
    registry Scope
    Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
    relationship Note
    Do not generalise EMDR evidence into a claim that it reduces every form of anxiety. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
    measured Genes
    None recorded
    pathways
    None recorded
    quality
    tier
    qualified
    qualification
    Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
    formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
    false
    jadad Score
    Not recorded
    masking Roles
    Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
    harms And Attrition
    Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
    source Access
    scope
    selected-methods
    full Text Cached
    true
    methods Inspected
    true
    full Text Appraisal Claim
    false
    level
    selected-methods
    source URLs

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

    retrieved At
    2026-11-02
    study Design Assessment
    category
    rct-masking-unclear
    is Randomized Controlled Trial
    true
    peer Reviewed
    true
    basis
    rct
    masking Roles
    Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

    review Scope
    selected-methods
    paper Trust Assessment
    score
    2
    display Crosses
    2
    scope
    Paper
    status
    assessed
    rating Scale
    library-trust-factor/1-3
    randomized Controlled Trial
    true
    peer Reviewed
    true
    blinding
    not-confirmed
    masking Roles
    Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
    basis
    rct
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

    assessed At
    2026-11-02
    review Scope
    selected-methods
    human Approval
    false
    review Limit
    AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
    jadad
    status
    unassessed
    score
    Not recorded
    citation Count
    Not recorded
    citation Snapshot
    count
    Not recorded
    source
    Not recorded
    retrieved At
    Not recorded
    status
    not-assessed
    publication Approval
    status
    approved-for-publication
    approved By
    Ben Korbel
    approved At
    2026-11-02
    assessment
    AI assessed; human approved for publication
    scope
    Approved research summaries for Informatics staging. No clinical peer review, treatment recommendation, partner endorsement or production release is claimed.
    source Revision
    r1-6d7d3b9d7d08
    source Content Hash
    6d7d3b9d7d088ef5726dadb72c8ea6fe69562611989466e633d57c62aef5dbc9
    source Access
    scope
    selected-methods
    full Text Cached
    true
    methods Inspected
    true
    full Text Appraisal Claim
    false
    level
    selected-methods
    source URLs

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

    retrieved At
    2026-11-02
    study Family Id
    publication-35241174
    randomized Study Unit Id
    publication-35241174
    institutions
    None recorded
    institution Evidence
    None recorded
    research Topics

    EMDR · Youth needs / digital / access

    lab Relevance
    relationship
    limits
    implication
    Do not generalise EMDR evidence into a claim that it reduces every form of anxiety.
    transfer Limit
    Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
    publication Status
    pmid
    35241174
    checked At
    2026-11-02T01:32:46.744604+00:00
    pub Types

    research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article

    indexed Notices
    None recorded
    crossref Updates
    None recorded
    notice Records
    None recorded
    scope
    Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
    notice Summary
    Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
    approaches

    EMDR · Youth needs / digital / access

    record Id
    youth-pmid-35241174
    source Pages
    None recorded
    assessment Record
    id
    youth-pmid-35241174
    title
    The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in reducing anxiety among female university students with primary dysmenorrhea.
    authors
    Valedi S, MoradiBaglooei M, Ranjbaran M, Chegini V, Chegini V, Griffiths MD, Alimoradi Z.
    year
    2022
    journal
    BMC psychology
    doi
    10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0
    pmid
    35241174
    pmcid
    PMC8896095
    trial Registries
    None recorded
    registry Scope
    Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
    collection
    youth-20261102
    topics

    EMDR · Youth needs / digital / access

    institutions
    None recorded
    institution Evidence
    None recorded
    publication Type

    research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article

    study Family Id
    publication-35241174
    randomized Study Unit Id
    publication-35241174
    existing Repository Matches
    None recorded
    population
    age
    Female university students eligible at 18–35; no separate 16–24 analysis.
    age Fit
    mixed-overlap
    sample
    88 randomized; 78 completed, 39 per group.
    setting
    Not separately established; see population/intervention description
    community
    Not assigned
    intervention
    description And Dose
    Two individual approximately one-hour EMDR sessions versus comparison condition; anxiety assessed at the next menstrual period.
    provider
    Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
    comparator
    See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
    design
    description
    rct
    category
    randomized-report
    randomization Methods Inspected
    true
    masking
    Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
    double Blinding Verified
    false
    proposed Crosses
    2
    approved Crosses
    Not recorded
    findings
    EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
    limitations
    Condition-specific sample, brief intervention, 10 non-completers and no isolated target-age estimate.
    harms And Attrition
    Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
    lab Relevance
    relationship
    limits
    implication
    Do not generalise EMDR evidence into a claim that it reduces every form of anxiety.
    transfer Limit
    Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
    source Access
    scope
    selected-methods
    full Text Cached
    true
    methods Inspected
    true
    full Text Appraisal Claim
    false
    sources
    1. type
      primary bibliographic record
      url
      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02
      sha256
      d13978bbd45dc5a55db1f301307ef946491d56b8b30ce23fdcf9534573c23af7
      hash Scope
      normalized Europe PMC core metadata snapshot
    2. type
      publisher DOI
      url
      https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02
    3. type
      PMC article
      url
      https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02
      access
      Full text cached
    4. type
      full-text-xml
      url
      https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02T00:58:44.613334+00:00
      sha256
      f9e8bea63c2aa3de69f37ec6690c61775baec3ea03ff41823d08bb07b76ea406
    5. type
      DOI-metadata
      url
      https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0
      retrieved At
      2026-11-02T00:58:44.615855+00:00
      sha256
      72ec49de66f171577fd3f127e44a0888cccf99aef000eb8763ee5429eb4853e9
    publication Status
    pmid
    35241174
    checked At
    2026-11-02T01:32:46.744604+00:00
    pub Types

    research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article

    indexed Notices
    None recorded
    crossref Updates
    None recorded
    notice Records
    None recorded
    scope
    Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
    notice Summary
    Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
    quality
    tier
    qualified
    qualification
    Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
    formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
    false
    jadad Score
    Not recorded
    review Ready
    true
    hold Reason
    Not recorded
    duplicate Of
    Not recorded
    review
    status
    pending
    reviewer
    Not recorded
    approved At
    Not recorded
    decision Scope
    Ben reviews proposed content and release; full medical-paper reading is not required.
    provenance
    Discovered and appraised by AI; pending human content sign-off
    production Eligible
    false
    approved Retrieval Eligible
    false
    selected Corpus References
    None recorded
    reference Scope
    Explicit publisher reference identifiers; citation is not proof of inclusion in a meta-analysis.
    content Hash
    6d7d3b9d7d088ef5726dadb72c8ea6fe69562611989466e633d57c62aef5dbc9
    revision
    r1-6d7d3b9d7d08
    archive Entries
    None recorded
    collection
    vision
    chapter Number
    8
    topic Id
    youth-access-connection
    topic Title
    Youth access, digital support and connection
    trust Score
    Not recorded
evidence
evidence Type
Randomized controlled trial report · double blinding not verified
intervention
Two individual approximately one-hour EMDR sessions versus comparison condition; anxiety assessed at the next menstrual period.
provider
Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
comparator
See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
sample
88 randomized; 78 completed, 39 per group.
population
age
Female university students eligible at 18–35; no separate 16–24 analysis.
age Fit
mixed-overlap
sample
88 randomized; 78 completed, 39 per group.
setting
Not separately established; see population/intervention description
community
Not assigned
measurement
Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
trial Id
publication-35241174
trial Registries
None recorded
registry Scope
Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
relationship Note
Do not generalise EMDR evidence into a claim that it reduces every form of anxiety. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
measured Genes
None recorded
pathways
None recorded
quality
tier
qualified
qualification
Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
false
jadad Score
Not recorded
masking Roles
Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
harms And Attrition
Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
level
selected-methods
source URLs

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35241174/ · https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00757-0 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8896095/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8896095/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1186%2Fs40359-022-00757-0

retrieved At
2026-11-02
jadad
status
unassessed
score
Not recorded
condition Evidence
  1. id
    anxiety
    evidence
    1. field
      title
      text
      The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in reducing anxiety among female university students with primary dysmenorrhea.
      matched Text
      anxiety
    2. field
      findings
      text
      EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
      matched Text
      anxiety
    scope
    Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
  2. id
    trauma
    evidence
    1. field
      findings
      text
      EMDR did not produce statistically or clinically significant state/trait anxiety improvements; reported effect sizes were trivial. This null trial challenges broad claims beyond established trauma indications.
      matched Text
      trauma
    scope
    Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
conditions

anxiety · trauma

topic Trust Scores

2

full Text
status
not-indexed
retrieval Available
false

Open this publication in the interactive library