Effects of Mobile Mindfulness Meditation on the Mental Health of University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Chen B, Yang T, Xiao L, Xu C, Zhu C. · Journal of medical Internet research · 2023 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication
Recorded summary
Stress SMD −0.41 and anxiety −0.29; depression and resilience effects not established.
Recorded limitations
Moderate-to-low certainty; includes non-randomised study; very large mindfulness estimate and questionable masking classifications (Calm primary study explicitly unblinded) reduce confidence. Do not reuse extreme mindfulness effect estimate.
Evidence and provenance
Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.
Study design and assessment
- design
- Systematic review / meta-analysis
- assessment
- category
- review
- is Randomized Controlled Trial
- false
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Systematic review/meta-analysis of mobile mindfulness studies
- masking Roles
- Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36596239/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/39128 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9856434/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9856434/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F39128
- review Scope
- selected-methods
- trust Factor
- score
- 1
- display Crosses
- 1
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- rating Scale
- library-trust-factor/1-3
- randomized Controlled Trial
- false
- peer Reviewed
- true
- blinding
- not-applicable
- masking Roles
- Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
- basis
- Systematic review/meta-analysis of mobile mindfulness studies
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36596239/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/39128 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9856434/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9856434/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F39128
- assessed At
- 2026-11-02
- review Scope
- selected-methods
- human Approval
- false
- review Limit
- AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
- jadad
- status
- not-applicable
- score
- Not recorded
- evidence
- evidence Type
- Systematic review / meta-analysis
- intervention
- Not applicable or not established from inspected sections
- provider
- Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
- comparator
- See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
- sample
- 10 studies; 958 participants; includes one quasi-experiment
- population
- age
- University students; variable/partly unreported age ranges
- age Fit
- mixed-overlap
- sample
- 10 studies; 958 participants; includes one quasi-experiment
- setting
- Not separately established; see population/intervention description
- community
- Not assigned
- measurement
- Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
- trial Id
- publication-36596239
- trial Registries
CRD42022303585
- registry Scope
- Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
- relationship Note
- Useful qualified synthesis for stress/anxiety only; assess primary studies and engagement rather than relying on pooled promotional claims. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
- measured Genes
- None recorded
- pathways
- None recorded
- quality
- tier
- qualified
- qualification
- Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
- formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
- false
- jadad Score
- Not recorded
- masking Roles
- Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
- harms And Attrition
- Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
- source Access
- scope
- selected-methods
- full Text Cached
- true
- methods Inspected
- true
- full Text Appraisal Claim
- false
- level
- selected-methods
- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36596239/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/39128 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9856434/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9856434/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F39128
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02
Topics and recorded topic scores
- key
- language:universal-mind-mobile-lab
- title
- Universal Mind Mobile Lab · Direct response and inspired by
- collection
- language
- trust Score
- 3
- key
- language:mindfulness-youth
- title
- Mindfulness for youth
- collection
- language
- trust Score
- 2
Citation snapshot and identifiers
- id
- youth-pmid-36596239
- doi
- 10.2196/39128
- pmid
- 36596239
- citation Snapshot
- count
- Not recorded
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- Not recorded
- retrieved At
- Not recorded
- status
- not-assessed
- citations By Collection
- language
- Not recorded
Complete approved library record
- lab Relevance
- relationship
- limits
- implication
- Useful qualified synthesis for stress/anxiety only; assess primary studies and engagement rather than relying on pooled promotional claims.
- transfer Limit
- Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
- institutions
- None recorded
- institution Evidence
- None recorded
- research Topics
Mindfulness
- publication Status
- pmid
- 36596239
- checked At
- 2026-11-02T01:32:46.752422+00:00
- pub Types
Meta-Analysis · research-article · Systematic Review · Journal Article
- indexed Notices
- None recorded
- crossref Updates
- None recorded
- notice Records
- None recorded
- scope
- Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
- notice Summary
- Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
- randomized Study Unit Id
- Not recorded
- publication Approval
- status
- approved-for-publication
- approved By
- Ben Korbel
- approved At
- 2026-11-02
- assessment
- AI assessed; human approved for publication
- scope
- Approved research summaries for Informatics staging. No clinical peer review, treatment recommendation, partner endorsement or production release is claimed.
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- source Access
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- true
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- true
- full Text Appraisal Claim
- false
- level
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- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36596239/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/39128 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9856434/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9856434/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F39128
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02
- study Family Id
- publication-36596239
- approaches
Mindfulness
- id
- youth-pmid-36596239
- aliases
- None recorded
- title
- Effects of Mobile Mindfulness Meditation on the Mental Health of University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
- journal
- Journal of medical Internet research
- neurotransmitters
- None recorded
- year
- 2023
- authors
- Chen B, Yang T, Xiao L, Xu C, Zhu C.
- design
- Systematic review / meta-analysis
- kind
- Review
- identity Conflict
- Not recorded
- doi
- 10.2196/39128
- pmid
- 36596239
- urls
https://doi.org/10.2196/39128 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36596239/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9856434/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9856434/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F39128
- collections
language
- categories
Methods & context
- targets
- None recorded
- priority
- 1
- quotes
- None recorded
- summary
- Stress SMD −0.41 and anxiety −0.29; depression and resilience effects not established.
- limitation
- Moderate-to-low certainty; includes non-randomised study; very large mindfulness estimate and questionable masking classifications (Calm primary study explicitly unblinded) reduce confidence. Do not reuse extreme mindfulness effect estimate.
- citation Count
- Not recorded
- citation Snapshot
- count
- Not recorded
- source
- Not recorded
- retrieved At
- Not recorded
- status
- not-assessed
- study Design Assessment
- category
- review
- is Randomized Controlled Trial
- false
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Systematic review/meta-analysis of mobile mindfulness studies
- masking Roles
- Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36596239/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/39128 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9856434/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9856434/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F39128
- review Scope
- selected-methods
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- score
- 1
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- 1
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- status
- assessed
- rating Scale
- library-trust-factor/1-3
- randomized Controlled Trial
- false
- peer Reviewed
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- blinding
- not-applicable
- masking Roles
- Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
- basis
- Systematic review/meta-analysis of mobile mindfulness studies
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36596239/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/39128 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9856434/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9856434/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F39128
- assessed At
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- review Scope
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- citations By Collection
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- Not recorded
- topics
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- language:universal-mind-mobile-lab
- title
- Universal Mind Mobile Lab · Direct response and inspired by
- collection
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- trust Score
- 3
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- language:mindfulness-youth
- title
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- journalofmedicalinternetresearch
- journal Label
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- id
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- aliases
- None recorded
- title
- Effects of Mobile Mindfulness Meditation on the Mental Health of University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
- authors
- Chen B, Yang T, Xiao L, Xu C, Zhu C.
- year
- 2023
- journal
- Journal of medical Internet research
- doi
- 10.2196/39128
- pmid
- 36596239
- urls
https://doi.org/10.2196/39128 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36596239/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9856434/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9856434/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F39128
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language
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Methods & context
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- None recorded
- neurotransmitters
- None recorded
- conditions
anxiety · depression · stress
- condition Evidence
- id
- anxiety
- evidence
- field
- findings
- text
- Stress SMD −0.41 and anxiety −0.29; depression and resilience effects not established.
- matched Text
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- matched Text
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youth · adults
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language
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youth · adults
- reported Ages
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- youth Scope
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- age Fit
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- finding
- Stress SMD −0.41 and anxiety −0.29; depression and resilience effects not established.
- summary
- Stress SMD −0.41 and anxiety −0.29; depression and resilience effects not established.
- limitation
- Moderate-to-low certainty; includes non-randomised study; very large mindfulness estimate and questionable masking classifications (Calm primary study explicitly unblinded) reduce confidence. Do not reuse extreme mindfulness effect estimate.
- evidence
- evidence Type
- Systematic review / meta-analysis
- intervention
- Not applicable or not established from inspected sections
- provider
- Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
- comparator
- See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
- sample
- 10 studies; 958 participants; includes one quasi-experiment
- population
- age
- University students; variable/partly unreported age ranges
- age Fit
- mixed-overlap
- sample
- 10 studies; 958 participants; includes one quasi-experiment
- setting
- Not separately established; see population/intervention description
- community
- Not assigned
- measurement
- Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
- trial Id
- publication-36596239
- trial Registries
CRD42022303585
- registry Scope
- Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
- relationship Note
- Useful qualified synthesis for stress/anxiety only; assess primary studies and engagement rather than relying on pooled promotional claims. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
- measured Genes
- None recorded
- pathways
- None recorded
- quality
- tier
- qualified
- qualification
- Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
- formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
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- jadad Score
- Not recorded
- masking Roles
- Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
- harms And Attrition
- Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
- source Access
- scope
- selected-methods
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- true
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36596239/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/39128 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9856434/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9856434/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F39128
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- basis
- Systematic review/meta-analysis of mobile mindfulness studies
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36596239/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/39128 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9856434/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9856434/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F39128
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- retrieved At
- Not recorded
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- status
- approved-for-publication
- approved By
- Ben Korbel
- approved At
- 2026-11-02
- assessment
- AI assessed; human approved for publication
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- retrieved At
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- study Family Id
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Mindfulness
- lab Relevance
- relationship
- limits
- implication
- Useful qualified synthesis for stress/anxiety only; assess primary studies and engagement rather than relying on pooled promotional claims.
- transfer Limit
- Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
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Meta-Analysis · research-article · Systematic Review · Journal Article
- indexed Notices
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- crossref Updates
- None recorded
- notice Records
- None recorded
- scope
- Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
- notice Summary
- Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
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Mindfulness
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- source Pages
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- assessment Record
- id
- youth-pmid-36596239
- title
- Effects of Mobile Mindfulness Meditation on the Mental Health of University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
- authors
- Chen B, Yang T, Xiao L, Xu C, Zhu C.
- year
- 2023
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- Journal of medical Internet research
- doi
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CRD42022303585
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Mindfulness
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Meta-Analysis · research-article · Systematic Review · Journal Article
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- University students; variable/partly unreported age ranges
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- Moderate-to-low certainty; includes non-randomised study; very large mindfulness estimate and questionable masking classifications (Calm primary study explicitly unblinded) reduce confidence. Do not reuse extreme mindfulness effect estimate.
- harms And Attrition
- Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
- lab Relevance
- relationship
- limits
- implication
- Useful qualified synthesis for stress/anxiety only; assess primary studies and engagement rather than relying on pooled promotional claims.
- transfer Limit
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Meta-Analysis · research-article · Systematic Review · Journal Article
- indexed Notices
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- crossref Updates
- None recorded
- notice Records
- None recorded
- scope
- Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
- notice Summary
- Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
- quality
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- Not recorded
- decision Scope
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youth-pmid-29622047 · youth-pmid-31237569
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- aliases
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- title
- Effects of Mobile Mindfulness Meditation on the Mental Health of University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
- authors
- Chen B, Yang T, Xiao L, Xu C, Zhu C.
- year
- 2023
- journal
- Journal of medical Internet research
- doi
- 10.2196/39128
- pmid
- 36596239
- urls
https://doi.org/10.2196/39128 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36596239/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9856434/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9856434/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F39128
- collections
language
- categories
Methods & context
- targets
- None recorded
- neurotransmitters
- None recorded
- conditions
anxiety · depression · stress
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- crossref Updates
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- notice Records
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- notice Summary
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- Effects of Mobile Mindfulness Meditation on the Mental Health of University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
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Mindfulness
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Meta-Analysis · research-article · Systematic Review · Journal Article
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youth-pmid-29622047 · youth-pmid-31237569
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