The effects of a sleep-focused smartphone application on insomnia and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial and mediation analysis.
Werner-Seidler A, Li SH, Spanos S, Johnston L, O'Dea B, Torok M, Ritterband L, Newby JM, Mackinnon AJ, Christensen H. · Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2023 · Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication
Recorded summary
Insomnia improved at 6 and 14 weeks (d=.41/.39); depression improved at 6 weeks (d=.28), not sustained at 14 weeks.
Recorded limitations
Younger sample, self-report, no isolated mindfulness component and app uptake requirements.
Evidence and provenance
Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.
Study design and assessment
- design
- Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
- assessment
- category
- single-blind-rct
- is Randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Single-blind randomised active-controlled trial
- masking Roles
- Automated randomisation; investigators except trial manager masked; independent online self-report.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991537/ · https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13795 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10952387/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10952387/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2Fjcpp.13795
- review Scope
- selected-methods
- trust Factor
- score
- 2
- display Crosses
- 2
- scope
- Paper
- status
- assessed
- rating Scale
- library-trust-factor/1-3
- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- peer Reviewed
- true
- blinding
- single
- masking Roles
- Automated randomisation; investigators except trial manager masked; independent online self-report.
- basis
- Single-blind randomised active-controlled trial
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991537/ · https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13795 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10952387/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10952387/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2Fjcpp.13795
- assessed At
- 2026-11-02
- review Scope
- selected-methods
- human Approval
- false
- review Limit
- AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
- jadad
- status
- unassessed
- score
- Not recorded
- evidence
- evidence Type
- Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
- intervention
- Six brief CBT-insomnia app lessons versus weekly sleep-tip texts; 6/14-week outcomes
- provider
- Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
- comparator
- See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
- sample
- 264; 131 Sleep Ninja, 133 sleep-tip control
- population
- age
- 12–16
- age Fit
- broader-institution-youth
- sample
- 264; 131 Sleep Ninja, 133 sleep-tip control
- setting
- Not separately established; see population/intervention description
- community
- Not assigned
- measurement
- Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
- trial Id
- publication-36991537
- trial Registries
ACTRN12619001462178
- registry Scope
- Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
- relationship Note
- Specific sleep-focused digital care may complement pathways; not evidence for generic sound or meditation treating depression. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
- measured Genes
- None recorded
- pathways
- None recorded
- quality
- tier
- priority
- qualification
- Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
- formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
- false
- jadad Score
- Not recorded
- masking Roles
- Automated randomisation; investigators except trial manager masked; independent online self-report.
- harms And Attrition
- No adverse events reported; risk protocol offered support contacts and psychologist callback for suicidality.
- source Access
- scope
- selected-methods
- full Text Cached
- true
- methods Inspected
- true
- full Text Appraisal Claim
- false
- level
- selected-methods
- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991537/ · https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13795 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10952387/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10952387/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2Fjcpp.13795
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02
Topics and recorded topic scores
- key
- language:black-dog-youth
- title
- Black Dog Institute · Youth research
- collection
- language
- trust Score
- 2
- key
- language:universal-mind-mobile-lab
- title
- Universal Mind Mobile Lab · Direct response and inspired by
- collection
- language
- trust Score
- 3
- key
- language:youth-access-connection
- title
- Youth access, digital support and connection
- collection
- language
- trust Score
- 3
Citation snapshot and identifiers
- id
- youth-pmid-36991537
- doi
- 10.1111/jcpp.13795
- pmid
- 36991537
- citation Snapshot
- count
- Not recorded
- source
- Not recorded
- retrieved At
- Not recorded
- status
- not-assessed
- citations By Collection
- language
- Not recorded
Complete approved library record
- lab Relevance
- relationship
- inspired-by
- implication
- Specific sleep-focused digital care may complement pathways; not evidence for generic sound or meditation treating depression.
- transfer Limit
- Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
- institutions
Black Dog Institute
- institution Evidence
- institution
- Black Dog Institute
- basis
- Author affiliation in primary indexed metadata or publisher full text
- evidence
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- research Topics
Youth needs / digital / access
- publication Status
- pmid
- 36991537
- checked At
- 2026-11-02T01:32:46.755269+00:00
- pub Types
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article
- indexed Notices
- None recorded
- crossref Updates
- None recorded
- notice Records
- None recorded
- scope
- Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
- notice Summary
- Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
- randomized Study Unit Id
- publication-36991537
- publication Approval
- status
- approved-for-publication
- approved By
- Ben Korbel
- approved At
- 2026-11-02
- assessment
- AI assessed; human approved for publication
- scope
- Approved research summaries for Informatics staging. No clinical peer review, treatment recommendation, partner endorsement or production release is claimed.
- source Revision
- r1-4fad9f91ed4a
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- source Access
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- true
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- true
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991537/ · https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13795 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10952387/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10952387/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2Fjcpp.13795
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- study Family Id
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Youth needs / digital / access
- id
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- aliases
- None recorded
- title
- The effects of a sleep-focused smartphone application on insomnia and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial and mediation analysis.
- journal
- Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
- neurotransmitters
- None recorded
- year
- 2023
- authors
- Werner-Seidler A, Li SH, Spanos S, Johnston L, O'Dea B, Torok M, Ritterband L, Newby JM, Mackinnon AJ, Christensen H.
- design
- Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
- kind
- Journal article
- identity Conflict
- Not recorded
- doi
- 10.1111/jcpp.13795
- pmid
- 36991537
- urls
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13795 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991537/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10952387/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10952387/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2Fjcpp.13795
- collections
language
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Clinical & self-report
- targets
- None recorded
- priority
- 1
- quotes
- None recorded
- summary
- Insomnia improved at 6 and 14 weeks (d=.41/.39); depression improved at 6 weeks (d=.28), not sustained at 14 weeks.
- limitation
- Younger sample, self-report, no isolated mindfulness component and app uptake requirements.
- citation Count
- Not recorded
- citation Snapshot
- count
- Not recorded
- source
- Not recorded
- retrieved At
- Not recorded
- status
- not-assessed
- study Design Assessment
- category
- single-blind-rct
- is Randomized Controlled Trial
- true
- peer Reviewed
- true
- basis
- Single-blind randomised active-controlled trial
- masking Roles
- Automated randomisation; investigators except trial manager masked; independent online self-report.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991537/ · https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13795 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10952387/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10952387/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2Fjcpp.13795
- review Scope
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- score
- 2
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- status
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- randomized Controlled Trial
- true
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- Automated randomisation; investigators except trial manager masked; independent online self-report.
- basis
- Single-blind randomised active-controlled trial
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991537/ · https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13795 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10952387/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10952387/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2Fjcpp.13795
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- aliases
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- title
- The effects of a sleep-focused smartphone application on insomnia and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial and mediation analysis.
- authors
- Werner-Seidler A, Li SH, Spanos S, Johnston L, O'Dea B, Torok M, Ritterband L, Newby JM, Mackinnon AJ, Christensen H.
- year
- 2023
- journal
- Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
- doi
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- pmid
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https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13795 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991537/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10952387/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10952387/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2Fjcpp.13795
- collections
language
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Clinical & self-report
- targets
- None recorded
- neurotransmitters
- None recorded
- conditions
depression · sleep
- condition Evidence
- id
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- evidence
- field
- title
- text
- The effects of a sleep-focused smartphone application on insomnia and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial and mediation analysis.
- matched Text
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- text
- Insomnia improved at 6 and 14 weeks (d=.41/.39); depression improved at 6 weeks (d=.28), not sustained at 14 weeks.
- matched Text
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- The effects of a sleep-focused smartphone application on insomnia and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial and mediation analysis.
- matched Text
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- text
- Insomnia improved at 6 and 14 weeks (d=.41/.39); depression improved at 6 weeks (d=.28), not sustained at 14 weeks.
- matched Text
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- scope
- Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
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language
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adolescents · youth
- reported Ages
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- age Fit
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- Broad groups describe source-reported populations or review scope. Eligibility and study mean ages are not observed participant ranges; read the reported-age wording.
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- finding
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- summary
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- limitation
- Younger sample, self-report, no isolated mindfulness component and app uptake requirements.
- evidence
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- Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
- intervention
- Six brief CBT-insomnia app lessons versus weekly sleep-tip texts; 6/14-week outcomes
- provider
- Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
- comparator
- See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
- sample
- 264; 131 Sleep Ninja, 133 sleep-tip control
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- age
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- age Fit
- broader-institution-youth
- sample
- 264; 131 Sleep Ninja, 133 sleep-tip control
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- trial Id
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- relationship Note
- Specific sleep-focused digital care may complement pathways; not evidence for generic sound or meditation treating depression. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
- measured Genes
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- Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
- formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
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- masking Roles
- Automated randomisation; investigators except trial manager masked; independent online self-report.
- harms And Attrition
- No adverse events reported; risk protocol offered support contacts and psychologist callback for suicidality.
- source Access
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- retrieved At
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- true
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- Single-blind randomised active-controlled trial
- masking Roles
- Automated randomisation; investigators except trial manager masked; independent online self-report.
- sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991537/ · https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13795 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10952387/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10952387/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2Fjcpp.13795
- review Scope
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- approved At
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Youth needs / digital / access
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- inspired-by
- implication
- Specific sleep-focused digital care may complement pathways; not evidence for generic sound or meditation treating depression.
- transfer Limit
- Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
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- crossref Updates
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- Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
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- Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
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- The effects of a sleep-focused smartphone application on insomnia and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial and mediation analysis.
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- Werner-Seidler A, Li SH, Spanos S, Johnston L, O'Dea B, Torok M, Ritterband L, Newby JM, Mackinnon AJ, Christensen H.
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- broader-institution-youth
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- 264; 131 Sleep Ninja, 133 sleep-tip control
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- provider
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- comparator
- See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
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- limitations
- Younger sample, self-report, no isolated mindfulness component and app uptake requirements.
- harms And Attrition
- No adverse events reported; risk protocol offered support contacts and psychologist callback for suicidality.
- lab Relevance
- relationship
- inspired-by
- implication
- Specific sleep-focused digital care may complement pathways; not evidence for generic sound or meditation treating depression.
- transfer Limit
- Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
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- indexed Notices
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- crossref Updates
- None recorded
- notice Records
- None recorded
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- Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
- notice Summary
- Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
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- youth-pmid-36991537
- title
- The effects of a sleep-focused smartphone application on insomnia and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial and mediation analysis.
- authors
- Werner-Seidler A, Li SH, Spanos S, Johnston L, O'Dea B, Torok M, Ritterband L, Newby JM, Mackinnon AJ, Christensen H.
- year
- 2023
- journal
- Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
- doi
- 10.1111/jcpp.13795
- pmid
- 36991537
- pmcid
- PMC10952387
- trial Registries
ACTRN12619001462178
- registry Scope
- Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
- collection
- youth-20261102
- topics
Youth needs / digital / access
- institutions
Black Dog Institute
- institution Evidence
- institution
- Black Dog Institute
- basis
- Author affiliation in primary indexed metadata or publisher full text
- evidence
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- publication Type
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article
- study Family Id
- publication-36991537
- randomized Study Unit Id
- publication-36991537
- existing Repository Matches
- None recorded
- population
- age
- 12–16
- age Fit
- broader-institution-youth
- sample
- 264; 131 Sleep Ninja, 133 sleep-tip control
- setting
- Not separately established; see population/intervention description
- community
- Not assigned
- intervention
- description And Dose
- Six brief CBT-insomnia app lessons versus weekly sleep-tip texts; 6/14-week outcomes
- provider
- Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
- comparator
- See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
- design
- description
- Single-blind randomised active-controlled trial
- category
- randomized-report
- randomization Methods Inspected
- true
- masking
- Automated randomisation; investigators except trial manager masked; independent online self-report.
- double Blinding Verified
- false
- proposed Crosses
- 2
- approved Crosses
- Not recorded
- findings
- Insomnia improved at 6 and 14 weeks (d=.41/.39); depression improved at 6 weeks (d=.28), not sustained at 14 weeks.
- limitations
- Younger sample, self-report, no isolated mindfulness component and app uptake requirements.
- harms And Attrition
- No adverse events reported; risk protocol offered support contacts and psychologist callback for suicidality.
- lab Relevance
- relationship
- inspired-by
- implication
- Specific sleep-focused digital care may complement pathways; not evidence for generic sound or meditation treating depression.
- transfer Limit
- Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
- source Access
- scope
- selected-methods
- full Text Cached
- true
- methods Inspected
- true
- full Text Appraisal Claim
- false
- sources
- type
- primary bibliographic record
- url
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991537/
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02
- sha256
- 8b5d6d6423b8b553a43e81475202710a11faad35d4842282b54044886f851a88
- hash Scope
- normalized Europe PMC core metadata snapshot
- type
- publisher DOI
- url
- https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13795
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02
- type
- PMC article
- url
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10952387/
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02
- access
- Full text cached
- type
- full-text-xml
- url
- https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10952387/fullTextXML
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02T00:59:02.441831+00:00
- sha256
- 5b0f929b84a92cac028ff0b38e23cc892d99d79fee22bd8b7799f4cb1efa69a1
- type
- DOI-metadata
- url
- https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2Fjcpp.13795
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02T00:59:03.501736+00:00
- sha256
- 398af4cca52180a9be6d577d90a696baa1e67a1ec7dd7abcdaf1201b4d614ba7
- publication Status
- pmid
- 36991537
- checked At
- 2026-11-02T01:32:46.755269+00:00
- pub Types
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article
- indexed Notices
- None recorded
- crossref Updates
- None recorded
- notice Records
- None recorded
- scope
- Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
- notice Summary
- Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
- quality
- tier
- priority
- qualification
- Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
- formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
- false
- jadad Score
- Not recorded
- review Ready
- true
- hold Reason
- Not recorded
- duplicate Of
- Not recorded
- review
- status
- pending
- reviewer
- Not recorded
- approved At
- Not recorded
- decision Scope
- Ben reviews proposed content and release; full medical-paper reading is not required.
- provenance
- Discovered and appraised by AI; pending human content sign-off
- production Eligible
- false
- approved Retrieval Eligible
- false
- selected Corpus References
youth-pmid-21192795
- reference Scope
- Explicit publisher reference identifiers; citation is not proof of inclusion in a meta-analysis.
- content Hash
- 4fad9f91ed4a78878ed9ac6d1c3f65d4d75db3ddc2ab4c4447fe7a7448244d54
- revision
- r1-4fad9f91ed4a
- archive Entries
- None recorded
- collection
- language
- chapter Number
- 6
- topic Id
- youth-access-connection
- topic Title
- Youth access, digital support and connection
- trust Score
- 3
- evidence
- evidence Type
- Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
- intervention
- Six brief CBT-insomnia app lessons versus weekly sleep-tip texts; 6/14-week outcomes
- provider
- Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
- comparator
- See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
- sample
- 264; 131 Sleep Ninja, 133 sleep-tip control
- population
- age
- 12–16
- age Fit
- broader-institution-youth
- sample
- 264; 131 Sleep Ninja, 133 sleep-tip control
- setting
- Not separately established; see population/intervention description
- community
- Not assigned
- measurement
- Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
- trial Id
- publication-36991537
- trial Registries
ACTRN12619001462178
- registry Scope
- Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
- relationship Note
- Specific sleep-focused digital care may complement pathways; not evidence for generic sound or meditation treating depression. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
- measured Genes
- None recorded
- pathways
- None recorded
- quality
- tier
- priority
- qualification
- Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
- formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
- false
- jadad Score
- Not recorded
- masking Roles
- Automated randomisation; investigators except trial manager masked; independent online self-report.
- harms And Attrition
- No adverse events reported; risk protocol offered support contacts and psychologist callback for suicidality.
- source Access
- scope
- selected-methods
- full Text Cached
- true
- methods Inspected
- true
- full Text Appraisal Claim
- false
- level
- selected-methods
- source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991537/ · https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13795 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10952387/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10952387/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2Fjcpp.13795
- retrieved At
- 2026-11-02
- jadad
- status
- unassessed
- score
- Not recorded
- condition Evidence
- id
- depression
- evidence
- field
- title
- text
- The effects of a sleep-focused smartphone application on insomnia and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial and mediation analysis.
- matched Text
- depressive
- field
- findings
- text
- Insomnia improved at 6 and 14 weeks (d=.41/.39); depression improved at 6 weeks (d=.28), not sustained at 14 weeks.
- matched Text
- depression
- scope
- Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
- id
- sleep
- evidence
- field
- title
- text
- The effects of a sleep-focused smartphone application on insomnia and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial and mediation analysis.
- matched Text
- sleep
- field
- findings
- text
- Insomnia improved at 6 and 14 weeks (d=.41/.39); depression improved at 6 weeks (d=.28), not sustained at 14 weeks.
- matched Text
- Insomnia
- scope
- Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
- conditions
depression · sleep
- topic Trust Scores
2 · 3
- full Text
- status
- not-indexed
- retrieval Available
- false