Universal Informatics · Research reading room

Understanding What Drives Long-term Engagement in Digital Mental Health Interventions: Secondary Causal Analysis of the Relationship Between Social Networking and Therapy Engagement.

O'Sullivan S, van Berkel N, Kostakos V, Schmaal L, D'Alfonso S, Valentine L, Bendall S, Nelson B, Gleeson JF, Alvarez-Jimenez M. · JMIR mental health · 2023 · Observational study

Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication

Recorded summary

Social-network use temporally predicted engagement with therapeutic content in a convergent-cross-mapping analysis.

Recorded limitations

Engagement components were not randomized; causal interpretation depends on modelling assumptions and cannot establish improved clinical outcomes.

Evidence and provenance

Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.

Study design and assessment
design
Observational study
assessment
category
observational
is Randomized Controlled Trial
false
peer Reviewed
true
basis
Secondary longitudinal usage analysis within an RCT intervention arm
masking Roles
Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37213197/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/44812 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10242471/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10242471/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F44812

review Scope
selected-methods
trust Factor
score
1
display Crosses
1
scope
Paper
status
assessed
rating Scale
library-trust-factor/1-3
randomized Controlled Trial
false
peer Reviewed
true
blinding
not-applicable
masking Roles
Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
basis
Secondary longitudinal usage analysis within an RCT intervention arm
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37213197/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/44812 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10242471/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10242471/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F44812

assessed At
2026-11-02
review Scope
selected-methods
human Approval
false
review Limit
AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
jadad
status
not-applicable
score
Not recorded
evidence
evidence Type
Observational study
intervention
Not applicable or not established from inspected sections
provider
Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
comparator
See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
sample
82 Horyzons users from 86 assigned intervention
population
age
16–27; mean 21
age Fit
mixed-overlap
sample
82 Horyzons users from 86 assigned intervention
setting
Not separately established; see population/intervention description
community
Not assigned
measurement
Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
trial Id
horyzons-actrn12614000009617
trial Registries

ACTRN12614000009617

registry Scope
Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
relationship Note
Test whether community features support use of helpful content, separately measuring benefits and moderation workload. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
measured Genes
None recorded
pathways
None recorded
quality
tier
qualified
qualification
Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
false
jadad Score
Not recorded
masking Roles
Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
harms And Attrition
Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
level
selected-methods
source URLs

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37213197/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/44812 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10242471/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10242471/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F44812

retrieved At
2026-11-02
Topics and recorded topic scores
  1. key
    language:orygen-youth
    title
    Orygen · Youth research
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    2
  2. key
    language:universal-mind-mobile-lab
    title
    Universal Mind Mobile Lab · Direct response and inspired by
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    3
  3. key
    language:youth-access-connection
    title
    Youth access, digital support and connection
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    3
Citation snapshot and identifiers
id
youth-pmid-37213197
doi
10.2196/44812
pmid
37213197
citation Snapshot
count
Not recorded
source
Not recorded
retrieved At
Not recorded
status
not-assessed
citations By Collection
language
Not recorded
Complete approved library record
lab Relevance
relationship
inspired-by
implication
Test whether community features support use of helpful content, separately measuring benefits and moderation workload.
transfer Limit
Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
institutions

Orygen

institution Evidence
  1. institution
    Orygen
    basis
    Author affiliation in primary indexed metadata or publisher full text
    evidence
    Orygen, Parkville, Australia.
research Topics

Youth needs / digital / access

publication Status
pmid
37213197
checked At
2026-11-02T01:32:46.757424+00:00
pub Types

research-article · Journal Article

indexed Notices
None recorded
crossref Updates
None recorded
notice Records
None recorded
scope
Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
notice Summary
Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
randomized Study Unit Id
Not recorded
publication Approval
status
approved-for-publication
approved By
Ben Korbel
approved At
2026-11-02
assessment
AI assessed; human approved for publication
scope
Approved research summaries for Informatics staging. No clinical peer review, treatment recommendation, partner endorsement or production release is claimed.
source Revision
r1-6b558d11c7b9
source Content Hash
6b558d11c7b955f88459ca59e7130e4dac21ec497a4b7031fa4848bcf898a16b
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
level
selected-methods
source URLs

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37213197/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/44812 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10242471/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10242471/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F44812

retrieved At
2026-11-02
study Family Id
horyzons-actrn12614000009617
approaches

Youth needs / digital / access

id
youth-pmid-37213197
aliases
None recorded
title
Understanding What Drives Long-term Engagement in Digital Mental Health Interventions: Secondary Causal Analysis of the Relationship Between Social Networking and Therapy Engagement.
journal
JMIR mental health
neurotransmitters
None recorded
year
2023
authors
O'Sullivan S, van Berkel N, Kostakos V, Schmaal L, D'Alfonso S, Valentine L, Bendall S, Nelson B, Gleeson JF, Alvarez-Jimenez M.
design
Observational study
kind
Journal article
identity Conflict
Not recorded
doi
10.2196/44812
pmid
37213197
urls

https://doi.org/10.2196/44812 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37213197/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10242471/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10242471/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F44812

collections

language

categories

Methods & context

targets
None recorded
priority
1
quotes
None recorded
summary
Social-network use temporally predicted engagement with therapeutic content in a convergent-cross-mapping analysis.
limitation
Engagement components were not randomized; causal interpretation depends on modelling assumptions and cannot establish improved clinical outcomes.
citation Count
Not recorded
citation Snapshot
count
Not recorded
source
Not recorded
retrieved At
Not recorded
status
not-assessed
study Design Assessment
category
observational
is Randomized Controlled Trial
false
peer Reviewed
true
basis
Secondary longitudinal usage analysis within an RCT intervention arm
masking Roles
Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37213197/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/44812 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10242471/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10242471/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F44812

review Scope
selected-methods
paper Trust Assessment
score
1
display Crosses
1
scope
Paper
status
assessed
rating Scale
library-trust-factor/1-3
randomized Controlled Trial
false
peer Reviewed
true
blinding
not-applicable
masking Roles
Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
basis
Secondary longitudinal usage analysis within an RCT intervention arm
sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37213197/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/44812 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10242471/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10242471/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F44812

assessed At
2026-11-02
review Scope
selected-methods
human Approval
false
review Limit
AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
citations By Collection
language
Not recorded
topics
  1. key
    language:orygen-youth
    title
    Orygen · Youth research
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    2
  2. key
    language:universal-mind-mobile-lab
    title
    Universal Mind Mobile Lab · Direct response and inspired by
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    3
  3. key
    language:youth-access-connection
    title
    Youth access, digital support and connection
    collection
    language
    trust Score
    3
journal Key
jmirmentalhealth
journal Label
JMIR mental health
chapter Entries
  1. id
    language-orygen-youth-youth-pmid-37213197
    aliases
    None recorded
    title
    Understanding What Drives Long-term Engagement in Digital Mental Health Interventions: Secondary Causal Analysis of the Relationship Between Social Networking and Therapy Engagement.
    authors
    O'Sullivan S, van Berkel N, Kostakos V, Schmaal L, D'Alfonso S, Valentine L, Bendall S, Nelson B, Gleeson JF, Alvarez-Jimenez M.
    year
    2023
    journal
    JMIR mental health
    doi
    10.2196/44812
    pmid
    37213197
    urls

    https://doi.org/10.2196/44812 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37213197/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10242471/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10242471/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F44812

    collections

    language

    categories

    Methods & context

    targets
    None recorded
    neurotransmitters
    None recorded
    conditions
    None recorded
    condition Evidence
    None recorded
    age Groups

    adolescents · youth · adults

    age Population
    record Id
    youth-pmid-37213197
    collections

    language

    groups

    adolescents · youth · adults

    reported Ages
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    youth Source Note
    The existing youth filter includes adolescents and source-defined young people. It does not establish a separate 16–24 estimate.
    age Fit
    mixed-overlap
    source URL
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37213197/
    basis Type
    selected-methods-ai-editorial-assessment
    classification Note
    Broad groups describe source-reported populations or review scope. Eligibility and study mean ages are not observed participant ranges; read the reported-age wording.
    community Matches
    None recorded
    kind
    Journal article
    design
    Observational study
    origin
    approved-youth-20261102
    priority
    1
    quotes
    None recorded
    finding
    Social-network use temporally predicted engagement with therapeutic content in a convergent-cross-mapping analysis.
    summary
    Social-network use temporally predicted engagement with therapeutic content in a convergent-cross-mapping analysis.
    limitation
    Engagement components were not randomized; causal interpretation depends on modelling assumptions and cannot establish improved clinical outcomes.
    evidence
    evidence Type
    Observational study
    intervention
    Not applicable or not established from inspected sections
    provider
    Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
    comparator
    See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
    sample
    82 Horyzons users from 86 assigned intervention
    population
    age
    16–27; mean 21
    age Fit
    mixed-overlap
    sample
    82 Horyzons users from 86 assigned intervention
    setting
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    Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
    trial Id
    horyzons-actrn12614000009617
    trial Registries

    ACTRN12614000009617

    registry Scope
    Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
    relationship Note
    Test whether community features support use of helpful content, separately measuring benefits and moderation workload. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
    measured Genes
    None recorded
    pathways
    None recorded
    quality
    tier
    qualified
    qualification
    Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
    formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
    false
    jadad Score
    Not recorded
    masking Roles
    Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
    harms And Attrition
    Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
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    selected-methods
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    retrieved At
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    study Design Assessment
    category
    observational
    is Randomized Controlled Trial
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    peer Reviewed
    true
    basis
    Secondary longitudinal usage analysis within an RCT intervention arm
    masking Roles
    Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
    sources

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37213197/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/44812 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10242471/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10242471/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F44812

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    false
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    AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
    jadad
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    not-applicable
    score
    Not recorded
    citation Count
    Not recorded
    citation Snapshot
    count
    Not recorded
    source
    Not recorded
    retrieved At
    Not recorded
    status
    not-assessed
    publication Approval
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    approved-for-publication
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    Ben Korbel
    approved At
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    assessment
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    retrieved At
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    1. institution
      Orygen
      basis
      Author affiliation in primary indexed metadata or publisher full text
      evidence
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    Test whether community features support use of helpful content, separately measuring benefits and moderation workload.
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    pub Types

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    indexed Notices
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    crossref Updates
    None recorded
    notice Records
    None recorded
    scope
    Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
    notice Summary
    Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
    approaches

    Youth needs / digital / access

    record Id
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    source Pages
    None recorded
    assessment Record
    id
    youth-pmid-37213197
    title
    Understanding What Drives Long-term Engagement in Digital Mental Health Interventions: Secondary Causal Analysis of the Relationship Between Social Networking and Therapy Engagement.
    authors
    O'Sullivan S, van Berkel N, Kostakos V, Schmaal L, D'Alfonso S, Valentine L, Bendall S, Nelson B, Gleeson JF, Alvarez-Jimenez M.
    year
    2023
    journal
    JMIR mental health
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    1. institution
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      Author affiliation in primary indexed metadata or publisher full text
      evidence
      Orygen, Parkville, Australia.
    publication Type

    research-article · Journal Article

    study Family Id
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    population
    age
    16–27; mean 21
    age Fit
    mixed-overlap
    sample
    82 Horyzons users from 86 assigned intervention
    setting
    Not separately established; see population/intervention description
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    Social-network use temporally predicted engagement with therapeutic content in a convergent-cross-mapping analysis.
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    Engagement components were not randomized; causal interpretation depends on modelling assumptions and cannot establish improved clinical outcomes.
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    Test whether community features support use of helpful content, separately measuring benefits and moderation workload.
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    indexed Notices
    None recorded
    crossref Updates
    None recorded
    notice Records
    None recorded
    scope
    Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
    notice Summary
    Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
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    Not recorded
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    Not recorded
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    Not recorded
    decision Scope
    Ben reviews proposed content and release; full medical-paper reading is not required.
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    topic Title
    Orygen · Youth research
    trust Score
    2
  2. id
    language-universal-mind-mobile-lab-youth-pmid-37213197
    aliases
    None recorded
    title
    Understanding What Drives Long-term Engagement in Digital Mental Health Interventions: Secondary Causal Analysis of the Relationship Between Social Networking and Therapy Engagement.
    authors
    O'Sullivan S, van Berkel N, Kostakos V, Schmaal L, D'Alfonso S, Valentine L, Bendall S, Nelson B, Gleeson JF, Alvarez-Jimenez M.
    year
    2023
    journal
    JMIR mental health
    doi
    10.2196/44812
    pmid
    37213197
    urls

    https://doi.org/10.2196/44812 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37213197/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10242471/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10242471/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F44812

    collections

    language

    categories

    Methods & context

    targets
    None recorded
    neurotransmitters
    None recorded
    conditions
    None recorded
    condition Evidence
    None recorded
    age Groups

    adolescents · youth · adults

    age Population
    record Id
    youth-pmid-37213197
    collections

    language

    groups

    adolescents · youth · adults

    reported Ages
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    included
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    source URL
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    title
    Understanding What Drives Long-term Engagement in Digital Mental Health Interventions: Secondary Causal Analysis of the Relationship Between Social Networking and Therapy Engagement.
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    O'Sullivan S, van Berkel N, Kostakos V, Schmaal L, D'Alfonso S, Valentine L, Bendall S, Nelson B, Gleeson JF, Alvarez-Jimenez M.
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    approved At
    Not recorded
    decision Scope
    Ben reviews proposed content and release; full medical-paper reading is not required.
    provenance
    Discovered and appraised by AI; pending human content sign-off
    production Eligible
    false
    approved Retrieval Eligible
    false
    selected Corpus References
    None recorded
    reference Scope
    Explicit publisher reference identifiers; citation is not proof of inclusion in a meta-analysis.
    content Hash
    6b558d11c7b955f88459ca59e7130e4dac21ec497a4b7031fa4848bcf898a16b
    revision
    r1-6b558d11c7b9
    archive Entries
    None recorded
    collection
    language
    chapter Number
    6
    topic Id
    youth-access-connection
    topic Title
    Youth access, digital support and connection
    trust Score
    3
evidence
evidence Type
Observational study
intervention
Not applicable or not established from inspected sections
provider
Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
comparator
See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
sample
82 Horyzons users from 86 assigned intervention
population
age
16–27; mean 21
age Fit
mixed-overlap
sample
82 Horyzons users from 86 assigned intervention
setting
Not separately established; see population/intervention description
community
Not assigned
measurement
Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
trial Id
horyzons-actrn12614000009617
trial Registries

ACTRN12614000009617

registry Scope
Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
relationship Note
Test whether community features support use of helpful content, separately measuring benefits and moderation workload. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
measured Genes
None recorded
pathways
None recorded
quality
tier
qualified
qualification
Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
false
jadad Score
Not recorded
masking Roles
Not applicable or not established from inspected methods; no masking inferred
harms And Attrition
Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
level
selected-methods
source URLs

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37213197/ · https://doi.org/10.2196/44812 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10242471/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10242471/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196%2F44812

retrieved At
2026-11-02
jadad
status
not-applicable
score
Not recorded
condition Evidence
None recorded
conditions
None recorded
topic Trust Scores

2 · 3

full Text
status
not-indexed
retrieval Available
false

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