Future Proofing Study: a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a universal school-based cognitive-behavioural programme for adolescent depression.

Werner-Seidler A, Mackinnon A, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Larsen ME, Torok M, O'Dea B, Maston K, Huckvale K, Fujimoto H, Johnston L, Brown L, Batholomew A, Bal D, Beames JR, Skinner SR, Boydell KM, Schweizer S, Lingam R, Perry Y, Hudson JL, Oei JL, Steinbeck K, Teesson M, Venkatesh S, Christensen H. · BMJ mental health · 2025 · Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified

Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication · Original publication

Recorded summary

No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.

Recorded limitations

Implementation and engagement variable; pandemic school withdrawals; younger age. Null effectiveness is still relevant when planning scale-up.

Evidence and provenance

Chapter Trust Factor uses a minimum of three distinct qualifying studies. Publication records retain their own evidence and assessment.

Study design and assessment

design

Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified

assessment

category: single-blind-rct
is Randomized Controlled Trial: true
peer Reviewed: true
basis: Large single-blind cluster-randomised controlled trial
masking Roles: Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
review Scope: selected-methods

trust Factor

score: 2
display Crosses: 2
scope: Paper
status: assessed
rating Scale: library-trust-factor/1-3
randomized Controlled Trial: true
peer Reviewed: true
blinding: single
masking Roles: Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
basis: Large single-blind cluster-randomised controlled trial
sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
assessed At: 2026-11-02
review Scope: selected-methods
human Approval: false
review Limit: AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.

jadad

status: unassessed
score: Not recorded

evidence

evidence Type

Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified

intervention

School-delivered SPARX digital CBT; 12-month primary endpoint

provider

Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description

comparator

See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown

sample

6,388 baseline students; 134 participating schools

population

age: Year 8; 13–14
age Fit: broader-institution-youth
sample: 6,388 baseline students; 134 participating schools
setting: Not separately established; see population/intervention description
community: Not assigned

measurement

Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.

trial Id

publication-40086808

trial Registries

ACTRN12619000855123

registry Scope

Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified

relationship Note

Demonstrate implementation and actual benefit before expanding a digital programme; availability is not effectiveness. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.

measured Genes

None recorded

pathways

None recorded

quality

tier: priority
qualification: Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied: false
jadad Score: Not recorded

masking Roles

Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.

harms And Attrition

Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm

source Access

scope: selected-methods
full Text Cached: true
methods Inspected: true
full Text Appraisal Claim: false
level: selected-methods
source URLs: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
retrieved At: 2026-11-02

Topics and recorded topic scores

key
language:black-dog-youth
title
Black Dog Institute · Youth research
collection
language
trust Score
2
key
language:universal-mind-mobile-lab
title
Universal Mind Mobile Lab · Direct response and inspired by
collection
language
trust Score
3
key
language:youth-access-connection
title
Youth access, digital support and connection
collection
language
trust Score
3

Citation snapshot and identifiers

id

youth-pmid-40086808

doi

10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426

pmid

40086808

citation Snapshot

count: Not recorded
source: Not recorded
retrieved At: Not recorded
status: not-assessed

citations By Collection

language: Not recorded

Complete approved library record

lab Relevance

relationship: limits
implication: Demonstrate implementation and actual benefit before expanding a digital programme; availability is not effectiveness.
transfer Limit: Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.

institutions

Black Dog Institute

institution Evidence

institution
Black Dog Institute
basis
Author affiliation in primary indexed metadata or publisher full text
evidence
Black Dog Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [author contact omitted].

research Topics

Youth needs / digital / access

publication Status

pmid: 40086808
checked At: 2026-11-02T01:32:46.774979+00:00
pub Types: research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article
indexed Notices: None recorded
crossref Updates: None recorded
notice Records: None recorded
scope: Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.

notice Summary

Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.

randomized Study Unit Id

publication-40086808

publication Approval

status: approved-for-publication
approved By: Ben Korbel
approved At: 2026-11-02
assessment: AI assessed; human approved for publication
scope: Approved research summaries for Informatics staging. No clinical peer review, treatment recommendation, partner endorsement or production release is claimed.
source Revision: r1-85405a6f6b43
source Content Hash: 85405a6f6b43955e3fae747eda50f70a3445b2c1fb3467893c3b0b7f2a009bda

source Access

scope: selected-methods
full Text Cached: true
methods Inspected: true
full Text Appraisal Claim: false
level: selected-methods
source URLs: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
retrieved At: 2026-11-02

study Family Id

publication-40086808

approaches

Youth needs / digital / access

id

youth-pmid-40086808

aliases

None recorded

title

Future Proofing Study: a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a universal school-based cognitive-behavioural programme for adolescent depression.

journal

BMJ mental health

neurotransmitters

None recorded

year

2025

authors

design

Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified

kind

Journal article

identity Conflict

Not recorded

doi

10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426

pmid

40086808

urls

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426

collections

language

categories

Clinical & self-report

targets

None recorded

priority

quotes

None recorded

summary

No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.

limitation

Implementation and engagement variable; pandemic school withdrawals; younger age. Null effectiveness is still relevant when planning scale-up.

citation Count

Not recorded

citation Snapshot

count: Not recorded
source: Not recorded
retrieved At: Not recorded
status: not-assessed

study Design Assessment

category: single-blind-rct
is Randomized Controlled Trial: true
peer Reviewed: true
basis: Large single-blind cluster-randomised controlled trial
masking Roles: Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
review Scope: selected-methods

paper Trust Assessment

score: 2
display Crosses: 2
scope: Paper
status: assessed
rating Scale: library-trust-factor/1-3
randomized Controlled Trial: true
peer Reviewed: true
blinding: single
masking Roles: Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
basis: Large single-blind cluster-randomised controlled trial
sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
assessed At: 2026-11-02
review Scope: selected-methods
human Approval: false
review Limit: AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.

citations By Collection

language: Not recorded

topics

key
language:black-dog-youth
title
Black Dog Institute · Youth research
collection
language
trust Score
2
key
language:universal-mind-mobile-lab
title
Universal Mind Mobile Lab · Direct response and inspired by
collection
language
trust Score
3
key
language:youth-access-connection
title
Youth access, digital support and connection
collection
language
trust Score
3

journal Key

bmjmentalhealth

journal Label

BMJ mental health

chapter Entries

id
language-black-dog-youth-youth-pmid-40086808
aliases
None recorded
title
Future Proofing Study: a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a universal school-based cognitive-behavioural programme for adolescent depression.
authors
Werner-Seidler A, Mackinnon A, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Larsen ME, Torok M, O'Dea B, Maston K, Huckvale K, Fujimoto H, Johnston L, Brown L, Batholomew A, Bal D, Beames JR, Skinner SR, Boydell KM, Schweizer S, Lingam R, Perry Y, Hudson JL, Oei JL, Steinbeck K, Teesson M, Venkatesh S, Christensen H.
year
2025
journal
BMJ mental health
doi
10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426
pmid
40086808
urls
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
collections
language
categories
Clinical & self-report
targets
None recorded
neurotransmitters
None recorded
conditions
anxiety · depression · sleep
condition Evidence
1. id
  anxiety
  evidence
  field
  findings
  text
  No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
  matched Text
  anxiety
  scope
  Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
2. id
  depression
  evidence
  field
  title
  text
  Future Proofing Study: a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a universal school-based cognitive-behavioural programme for adolescent depression.
  matched Text
  depression
  field
  findings
  text
  No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
  matched Text
  depression
  scope
  Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
3. id
  sleep
  evidence
  field
  findings
  text
  No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
  matched Text
  insomnia
  scope
  Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
age Groups
adolescents · youth
age Population
record Id
youth-pmid-40086808
collections
language
groups
adolescents · youth
reported Ages
Year 8; 13–14
youth Scope
focus
youth Source Note
The existing youth filter includes adolescents and source-defined young people. It does not establish a separate 16–24 estimate.
age Fit
broader-institution-youth
source URL
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/
basis Type
selected-methods-ai-editorial-assessment
classification Note
Broad groups describe source-reported populations or review scope. Eligibility and study mean ages are not observed participant ranges; read the reported-age wording.
community Matches
None recorded
kind
Journal article
design
Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
origin
approved-youth-20261102
priority
1
quotes
None recorded
finding
No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
summary
No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
limitation
Implementation and engagement variable; pandemic school withdrawals; younger age. Null effectiveness is still relevant when planning scale-up.
evidence
evidence Type
Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
intervention
School-delivered SPARX digital CBT; 12-month primary endpoint
provider
Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
comparator
See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
sample
6,388 baseline students; 134 participating schools
population
age
Year 8; 13–14
age Fit
broader-institution-youth
sample
6,388 baseline students; 134 participating schools
setting
Not separately established; see population/intervention description
community
Not assigned
measurement
Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
trial Id
publication-40086808
trial Registries
ACTRN12619000855123
registry Scope
Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
relationship Note
Demonstrate implementation and actual benefit before expanding a digital programme; availability is not effectiveness. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
measured Genes
None recorded
pathways
None recorded
quality
tier
priority
qualification
Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
false
jadad Score
Not recorded
masking Roles
Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
harms And Attrition
Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
level
selected-methods
source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
retrieved At
2026-11-02
study Design Assessment
category
single-blind-rct
is Randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
basis
Large single-blind cluster-randomised controlled trial
masking Roles
Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
review Scope
selected-methods
paper Trust Assessment
score
2
display Crosses
2
scope
Paper
status
assessed
rating Scale
library-trust-factor/1-3
randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
blinding
single
masking Roles
Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
basis
Large single-blind cluster-randomised controlled trial
sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
assessed At
2026-11-02
review Scope
selected-methods
human Approval
false
review Limit
AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
jadad
status
unassessed
score
Not recorded
citation Count
Not recorded
citation Snapshot
count
Not recorded
source
Not recorded
retrieved At
Not recorded
status
not-assessed
publication Approval
status
approved-for-publication
approved By
Ben Korbel
approved At
2026-11-02
assessment
AI assessed; human approved for publication
scope
Approved research summaries for Informatics staging. No clinical peer review, treatment recommendation, partner endorsement or production release is claimed.
source Revision
r1-85405a6f6b43
source Content Hash
85405a6f6b43955e3fae747eda50f70a3445b2c1fb3467893c3b0b7f2a009bda
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
level
selected-methods
source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
retrieved At
2026-11-02
study Family Id
publication-40086808
randomized Study Unit Id
publication-40086808
institutions
Black Dog Institute
institution Evidence
1. institution
  Black Dog Institute
  basis
  Author affiliation in primary indexed metadata or publisher full text
  evidence
  Black Dog Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [author contact omitted].
research Topics
Youth needs / digital / access
lab Relevance
relationship
limits
implication
Demonstrate implementation and actual benefit before expanding a digital programme; availability is not effectiveness.
transfer Limit
Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
publication Status
pmid
40086808
checked At
2026-11-02T01:32:46.774979+00:00
pub Types
research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article
indexed Notices
None recorded
crossref Updates
None recorded
notice Records
None recorded
scope
Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
notice Summary
Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
approaches
Youth needs / digital / access
record Id
youth-pmid-40086808
source Pages
None recorded
assessment Record
id
youth-pmid-40086808
title
Future Proofing Study: a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a universal school-based cognitive-behavioural programme for adolescent depression.
authors
Werner-Seidler A, Mackinnon A, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Larsen ME, Torok M, O'Dea B, Maston K, Huckvale K, Fujimoto H, Johnston L, Brown L, Batholomew A, Bal D, Beames JR, Skinner SR, Boydell KM, Schweizer S, Lingam R, Perry Y, Hudson JL, Oei JL, Steinbeck K, Teesson M, Venkatesh S, Christensen H.
year
2025
journal
BMJ mental health
doi
10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426
pmid
40086808
pmcid
PMC11927416
trial Registries
ACTRN12619000855123
registry Scope
Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
collection
youth-20261102
topics
Youth needs / digital / access
institutions
Black Dog Institute
institution Evidence
institution
Black Dog Institute
basis
Author affiliation in primary indexed metadata or publisher full text
evidence
Black Dog Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [author contact omitted].
publication Type
research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article
study Family Id
publication-40086808
randomized Study Unit Id
publication-40086808
existing Repository Matches
None recorded
population
age
Year 8; 13–14
age Fit
broader-institution-youth
sample
6,388 baseline students; 134 participating schools
setting
Not separately established; see population/intervention description
community
Not assigned
intervention
description And Dose
School-delivered SPARX digital CBT; 12-month primary endpoint
provider
Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
comparator
See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
design
description
Large single-blind cluster-randomised controlled trial
category
randomized-report
randomization Methods Inspected
true
masking
Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
double Blinding Verified
false
proposed Crosses
2
approved Crosses
Not recorded
findings
No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
limitations
Implementation and engagement variable; pandemic school withdrawals; younger age. Null effectiveness is still relevant when planning scale-up.
harms And Attrition
Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
lab Relevance
relationship
limits
implication
Demonstrate implementation and actual benefit before expanding a digital programme; availability is not effectiveness.
transfer Limit
Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
sources
type
primary bibliographic record
url
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/
retrieved At
2026-11-02
sha256
aff4030782251bbf487840c7661df1f3d3e552d1b62cf427f13a01c2114d06ce
hash Scope
normalized Europe PMC core metadata snapshot
type
publisher DOI
url
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426
retrieved At
2026-11-02
type
PMC article
url
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/
retrieved At
2026-11-02
access
Full text cached
type
full-text-xml
url
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML
retrieved At
2026-11-02T00:59:11.618438+00:00
sha256
1a6a563be92192acb2bbb39207e101d856f36c04355766f9ddecfb659e1dc5b6
type
DOI-metadata
url
https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
retrieved At
2026-11-02T00:59:12.909025+00:00
sha256
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publication Status
pmid
40086808
checked At
2026-11-02T01:32:46.774979+00:00
pub Types
research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article
indexed Notices
None recorded
crossref Updates
None recorded
notice Records
None recorded
scope
Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
notice Summary
Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
quality
tier
priority
qualification
Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
false
jadad Score
Not recorded
review Ready
true
hold Reason
Not recorded
duplicate Of
Not recorded
review
status
pending
reviewer
Not recorded
approved At
Not recorded
decision Scope
Ben reviews proposed content and release; full medical-paper reading is not required.
provenance
Discovered and appraised by AI; pending human content sign-off
production Eligible
false
approved Retrieval Eligible
false
selected Corpus References
None recorded
reference Scope
Explicit publisher reference identifiers; citation is not proof of inclusion in a meta-analysis.
content Hash
85405a6f6b43955e3fae747eda50f70a3445b2c1fb3467893c3b0b7f2a009bda
revision
r1-85405a6f6b43
archive Entries
None recorded
collection
language
chapter Number
6
topic Id
black-dog-youth
topic Title
Black Dog Institute · Youth research
trust Score
2
id
language-universal-mind-mobile-lab-youth-pmid-40086808
aliases
None recorded
title
Future Proofing Study: a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a universal school-based cognitive-behavioural programme for adolescent depression.
authors
Werner-Seidler A, Mackinnon A, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Larsen ME, Torok M, O'Dea B, Maston K, Huckvale K, Fujimoto H, Johnston L, Brown L, Batholomew A, Bal D, Beames JR, Skinner SR, Boydell KM, Schweizer S, Lingam R, Perry Y, Hudson JL, Oei JL, Steinbeck K, Teesson M, Venkatesh S, Christensen H.
year
2025
journal
BMJ mental health
doi
10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426
pmid
40086808
urls
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
collections
language
categories
Clinical & self-report
targets
None recorded
neurotransmitters
None recorded
conditions
anxiety · depression · sleep
condition Evidence
1. id
  anxiety
  evidence
  field
  findings
  text
  No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
  matched Text
  anxiety
  scope
  Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
2. id
  depression
  evidence
  field
  title
  text
  Future Proofing Study: a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a universal school-based cognitive-behavioural programme for adolescent depression.
  matched Text
  depression
  field
  findings
  text
  No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
  matched Text
  depression
  scope
  Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
3. id
  sleep
  evidence
  field
  findings
  text
  No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
  matched Text
  insomnia
  scope
  Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
age Groups
adolescents · youth
age Population
record Id
youth-pmid-40086808
collections
language
groups
adolescents · youth
reported Ages
Year 8; 13–14
youth Scope
focus
youth Source Note
The existing youth filter includes adolescents and source-defined young people. It does not establish a separate 16–24 estimate.
age Fit
broader-institution-youth
source URL
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/
basis Type
selected-methods-ai-editorial-assessment
classification Note
Broad groups describe source-reported populations or review scope. Eligibility and study mean ages are not observed participant ranges; read the reported-age wording.
community Matches
None recorded
kind
Journal article
design
Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
origin
approved-youth-20261102
priority
1
quotes
None recorded
finding
No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
summary
No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
limitation
Implementation and engagement variable; pandemic school withdrawals; younger age. Null effectiveness is still relevant when planning scale-up.
evidence
evidence Type
Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
intervention
School-delivered SPARX digital CBT; 12-month primary endpoint
provider
Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
comparator
See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
sample
6,388 baseline students; 134 participating schools
population
age
Year 8; 13–14
age Fit
broader-institution-youth
sample
6,388 baseline students; 134 participating schools
setting
Not separately established; see population/intervention description
community
Not assigned
measurement
Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
trial Id
publication-40086808
trial Registries
ACTRN12619000855123
registry Scope
Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
relationship Note
Demonstrate implementation and actual benefit before expanding a digital programme; availability is not effectiveness. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
measured Genes
None recorded
pathways
None recorded
quality
tier
priority
qualification
Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
false
jadad Score
Not recorded
masking Roles
Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
harms And Attrition
Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
level
selected-methods
source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
retrieved At
2026-11-02
study Design Assessment
category
single-blind-rct
is Randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
basis
Large single-blind cluster-randomised controlled trial
masking Roles
Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
review Scope
selected-methods
paper Trust Assessment
score
2
display Crosses
2
scope
Paper
status
assessed
rating Scale
library-trust-factor/1-3
randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
blinding
single
masking Roles
Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
basis
Large single-blind cluster-randomised controlled trial
sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
assessed At
2026-11-02
review Scope
selected-methods
human Approval
false
review Limit
AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
jadad
status
unassessed
score
Not recorded
citation Count
Not recorded
citation Snapshot
count
Not recorded
source
Not recorded
retrieved At
Not recorded
status
not-assessed
publication Approval
status
approved-for-publication
approved By
Ben Korbel
approved At
2026-11-02
assessment
AI assessed; human approved for publication
scope
Approved research summaries for Informatics staging. No clinical peer review, treatment recommendation, partner endorsement or production release is claimed.
source Revision
r1-85405a6f6b43
source Content Hash
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source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
retrieved At
2026-11-02
study Family Id
publication-40086808
randomized Study Unit Id
publication-40086808
institutions
Black Dog Institute
institution Evidence
1. institution
  Black Dog Institute
  basis
  Author affiliation in primary indexed metadata or publisher full text
  evidence
  Black Dog Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [author contact omitted].
research Topics
Youth needs / digital / access
lab Relevance
relationship
limits
implication
Demonstrate implementation and actual benefit before expanding a digital programme; availability is not effectiveness.
transfer Limit
Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
publication Status
pmid
40086808
checked At
2026-11-02T01:32:46.774979+00:00
pub Types
research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article
indexed Notices
None recorded
crossref Updates
None recorded
notice Records
None recorded
scope
Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
notice Summary
Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
approaches
Youth needs / digital / access
record Id
youth-pmid-40086808
source Pages
None recorded
assessment Record
id
youth-pmid-40086808
title
Future Proofing Study: a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a universal school-based cognitive-behavioural programme for adolescent depression.
authors
Werner-Seidler A, Mackinnon A, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Larsen ME, Torok M, O'Dea B, Maston K, Huckvale K, Fujimoto H, Johnston L, Brown L, Batholomew A, Bal D, Beames JR, Skinner SR, Boydell KM, Schweizer S, Lingam R, Perry Y, Hudson JL, Oei JL, Steinbeck K, Teesson M, Venkatesh S, Christensen H.
year
2025
journal
BMJ mental health
doi
10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426
pmid
40086808
pmcid
PMC11927416
trial Registries
ACTRN12619000855123
registry Scope
Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
collection
youth-20261102
topics
Youth needs / digital / access
institutions
Black Dog Institute
institution Evidence
institution
Black Dog Institute
basis
Author affiliation in primary indexed metadata or publisher full text
evidence
Black Dog Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [author contact omitted].
publication Type
research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article
study Family Id
publication-40086808
randomized Study Unit Id
publication-40086808
existing Repository Matches
None recorded
population
age
Year 8; 13–14
age Fit
broader-institution-youth
sample
6,388 baseline students; 134 participating schools
setting
Not separately established; see population/intervention description
community
Not assigned
intervention
description And Dose
School-delivered SPARX digital CBT; 12-month primary endpoint
provider
Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
comparator
See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
design
description
Large single-blind cluster-randomised controlled trial
category
randomized-report
randomization Methods Inspected
true
masking
Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
double Blinding Verified
false
proposed Crosses
2
approved Crosses
Not recorded
findings
No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
limitations
Implementation and engagement variable; pandemic school withdrawals; younger age. Null effectiveness is still relevant when planning scale-up.
harms And Attrition
Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
lab Relevance
relationship
limits
implication
Demonstrate implementation and actual benefit before expanding a digital programme; availability is not effectiveness.
transfer Limit
Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
sources
type
primary bibliographic record
url
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/
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2026-11-02
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url
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2026-11-02
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https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/
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2026-11-02
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checked At
2026-11-02T01:32:46.774979+00:00
pub Types
research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article
indexed Notices
None recorded
crossref Updates
None recorded
notice Records
None recorded
scope
Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
notice Summary
Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
quality
tier
priority
qualification
Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
false
jadad Score
Not recorded
review Ready
true
hold Reason
Not recorded
duplicate Of
Not recorded
review
status
pending
reviewer
Not recorded
approved At
Not recorded
decision Scope
Ben reviews proposed content and release; full medical-paper reading is not required.
provenance
Discovered and appraised by AI; pending human content sign-off
production Eligible
false
approved Retrieval Eligible
false
selected Corpus References
None recorded
reference Scope
Explicit publisher reference identifiers; citation is not proof of inclusion in a meta-analysis.
content Hash
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archive Entries
None recorded
collection
language
chapter Number
6
topic Id
universal-mind-mobile-lab
topic Title
Universal Mind Mobile Lab · Direct response and inspired by
trust Score
3
id
language-youth-access-connection-youth-pmid-40086808
aliases
None recorded
title
Future Proofing Study: a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a universal school-based cognitive-behavioural programme for adolescent depression.
authors
Werner-Seidler A, Mackinnon A, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Larsen ME, Torok M, O'Dea B, Maston K, Huckvale K, Fujimoto H, Johnston L, Brown L, Batholomew A, Bal D, Beames JR, Skinner SR, Boydell KM, Schweizer S, Lingam R, Perry Y, Hudson JL, Oei JL, Steinbeck K, Teesson M, Venkatesh S, Christensen H.
year
2025
journal
BMJ mental health
doi
10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426
pmid
40086808
urls
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
collections
language
categories
Clinical & self-report
targets
None recorded
neurotransmitters
None recorded
conditions
anxiety · depression · sleep
condition Evidence
1. id
  anxiety
  evidence
  field
  findings
  text
  No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
  matched Text
  anxiety
  scope
  Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
2. id
  depression
  evidence
  field
  title
  text
  Future Proofing Study: a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a universal school-based cognitive-behavioural programme for adolescent depression.
  matched Text
  depression
  field
  findings
  text
  No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
  matched Text
  depression
  scope
  Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
3. id
  sleep
  evidence
  field
  findings
  text
  No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
  matched Text
  insomnia
  scope
  Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
age Groups
adolescents · youth
age Population
record Id
youth-pmid-40086808
collections
language
groups
adolescents · youth
reported Ages
Year 8; 13–14
youth Scope
focus
youth Source Note
The existing youth filter includes adolescents and source-defined young people. It does not establish a separate 16–24 estimate.
age Fit
broader-institution-youth
source URL
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/
basis Type
selected-methods-ai-editorial-assessment
classification Note
Broad groups describe source-reported populations or review scope. Eligibility and study mean ages are not observed participant ranges; read the reported-age wording.
community Matches
None recorded
kind
Journal article
design
Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
origin
approved-youth-20261102
priority
1
quotes
None recorded
finding
No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
summary
No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
limitation
Implementation and engagement variable; pandemic school withdrawals; younger age. Null effectiveness is still relevant when planning scale-up.
evidence
evidence Type
Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified
intervention
School-delivered SPARX digital CBT; 12-month primary endpoint
provider
Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
comparator
See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
sample
6,388 baseline students; 134 participating schools
population
age
Year 8; 13–14
age Fit
broader-institution-youth
sample
6,388 baseline students; 134 participating schools
setting
Not separately established; see population/intervention description
community
Not assigned
measurement
Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.
trial Id
publication-40086808
trial Registries
ACTRN12619000855123
registry Scope
Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
relationship Note
Demonstrate implementation and actual benefit before expanding a digital programme; availability is not effectiveness. Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
measured Genes
None recorded
pathways
None recorded
quality
tier
priority
qualification
Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
false
jadad Score
Not recorded
masking Roles
Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
harms And Attrition
Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
level
selected-methods
source URLs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
retrieved At
2026-11-02
study Design Assessment
category
single-blind-rct
is Randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
basis
Large single-blind cluster-randomised controlled trial
masking Roles
Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
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selected-methods
paper Trust Assessment
score
2
display Crosses
2
scope
Paper
status
assessed
rating Scale
library-trust-factor/1-3
randomized Controlled Trial
true
peer Reviewed
true
blinding
single
masking Roles
Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
basis
Large single-blind cluster-randomised controlled trial
sources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
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2026-11-02
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selected-methods
human Approval
false
review Limit
AI source-based design assessment; human content sign-off is recorded separately.
jadad
status
unassessed
score
Not recorded
citation Count
Not recorded
citation Snapshot
count
Not recorded
source
Not recorded
retrieved At
Not recorded
status
not-assessed
publication Approval
status
approved-for-publication
approved By
Ben Korbel
approved At
2026-11-02
assessment
AI assessed; human approved for publication
scope
Approved research summaries for Informatics staging. No clinical peer review, treatment recommendation, partner endorsement or production release is claimed.
source Revision
r1-85405a6f6b43
source Content Hash
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source URLs
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retrieved At
2026-11-02
study Family Id
publication-40086808
randomized Study Unit Id
publication-40086808
institutions
Black Dog Institute
institution Evidence
1. institution
  Black Dog Institute
  basis
  Author affiliation in primary indexed metadata or publisher full text
  evidence
  Black Dog Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [author contact omitted].
research Topics
Youth needs / digital / access
lab Relevance
relationship
limits
implication
Demonstrate implementation and actual benefit before expanding a digital programme; availability is not effectiveness.
transfer Limit
Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
publication Status
pmid
40086808
checked At
2026-11-02T01:32:46.774979+00:00
pub Types
research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article
indexed Notices
None recorded
crossref Updates
None recorded
notice Records
None recorded
scope
Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
notice Summary
Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
approaches
Youth needs / digital / access
record Id
youth-pmid-40086808
source Pages
None recorded
assessment Record
id
youth-pmid-40086808
title
Future Proofing Study: a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a universal school-based cognitive-behavioural programme for adolescent depression.
authors
Werner-Seidler A, Mackinnon A, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Larsen ME, Torok M, O'Dea B, Maston K, Huckvale K, Fujimoto H, Johnston L, Brown L, Batholomew A, Bal D, Beames JR, Skinner SR, Boydell KM, Schweizer S, Lingam R, Perry Y, Hudson JL, Oei JL, Steinbeck K, Teesson M, Venkatesh S, Christensen H.
year
2025
journal
BMJ mental health
doi
10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426
pmid
40086808
pmcid
PMC11927416
trial Registries
ACTRN12619000855123
registry Scope
Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified
collection
youth-20261102
topics
Youth needs / digital / access
institutions
Black Dog Institute
institution Evidence
institution
Black Dog Institute
basis
Author affiliation in primary indexed metadata or publisher full text
evidence
Black Dog Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [author contact omitted].
publication Type
research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article
study Family Id
publication-40086808
randomized Study Unit Id
publication-40086808
existing Repository Matches
None recorded
population
age
Year 8; 13–14
age Fit
broader-institution-youth
sample
6,388 baseline students; 134 participating schools
setting
Not separately established; see population/intervention description
community
Not assigned
intervention
description And Dose
School-delivered SPARX digital CBT; 12-month primary endpoint
provider
Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description
comparator
See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown
design
description
Large single-blind cluster-randomised controlled trial
category
randomized-report
randomization Methods Inspected
true
masking
Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.
double Blinding Verified
false
proposed Crosses
2
approved Crosses
Not recorded
findings
No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
limitations
Implementation and engagement variable; pandemic school withdrawals; younger age. Null effectiveness is still relevant when planning scale-up.
harms And Attrition
Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm
lab Relevance
relationship
limits
implication
Demonstrate implementation and actual benefit before expanding a digital programme; availability is not effectiveness.
transfer Limit
Component evidence does not establish efficacy of the combined Universal Mind lab model.
source Access
scope
selected-methods
full Text Cached
true
methods Inspected
true
full Text Appraisal Claim
false
sources
type
primary bibliographic record
url
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/
retrieved At
2026-11-02
sha256
aff4030782251bbf487840c7661df1f3d3e552d1b62cf427f13a01c2114d06ce
hash Scope
normalized Europe PMC core metadata snapshot
type
publisher DOI
url
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426
retrieved At
2026-11-02
type
PMC article
url
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/
retrieved At
2026-11-02
access
Full text cached
type
full-text-xml
url
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML
retrieved At
2026-11-02T00:59:11.618438+00:00
sha256
1a6a563be92192acb2bbb39207e101d856f36c04355766f9ddecfb659e1dc5b6
type
DOI-metadata
url
https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
retrieved At
2026-11-02T00:59:12.909025+00:00
sha256
b5976835710a16cbf8eb5bca7be0833a9cbfb26776e77e3169cf55cc6853de13
publication Status
pmid
40086808
checked At
2026-11-02T01:32:46.774979+00:00
pub Types
research-article · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article
indexed Notices
None recorded
crossref Updates
None recorded
notice Records
None recorded
scope
Europe PMC indexed publication types/linked notices, publisher JATS related articles and Crossref update-to metadata; absence is not a guarantee of no notice.
notice Summary
Indexed related notices are retained below; no retraction identified in this bounded metadata check. This is not an exhaustive guarantee.
quality
tier
priority
qualification
Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied
false
jadad Score
Not recorded
review Ready
true
hold Reason
Not recorded
duplicate Of
Not recorded
review
status
pending
reviewer
Not recorded
approved At
Not recorded
decision Scope
Ben reviews proposed content and release; full medical-paper reading is not required.
provenance
Discovered and appraised by AI; pending human content sign-off
production Eligible
false
approved Retrieval Eligible
false
selected Corpus References
None recorded
reference Scope
Explicit publisher reference identifiers; citation is not proof of inclusion in a meta-analysis.
content Hash
85405a6f6b43955e3fae747eda50f70a3445b2c1fb3467893c3b0b7f2a009bda
revision
r1-85405a6f6b43
archive Entries
None recorded
collection
language
chapter Number
6
topic Id
youth-access-connection
topic Title
Youth access, digital support and connection
trust Score
3

evidence

evidence Type

Randomized controlled trial report · single masked role verified

intervention

School-delivered SPARX digital CBT; 12-month primary endpoint

provider

Not separately established; clinician/teacher/app details, if known, are retained in the intervention description

comparator

See design/intervention description; otherwise unknown

sample

6,388 baseline students; 134 participating schools

population

age: Year 8; 13–14
age Fit: broader-institution-youth
sample: 6,388 baseline students; 134 participating schools
setting: Not separately established; see population/intervention description
community: Not assigned

measurement

Specific outcomes are reported in the finding and retained appraisal.

trial Id

publication-40086808

trial Registries

ACTRN12619000855123

registry Scope

Identifiers explicitly reported in article abstract; other registrations remain unverified

relationship Note

measured Genes

None recorded

pathways

None recorded

quality

tier: priority
qualification: Qualified for the stated design-specific use in a rapid methods-based review, not necessarily low risk of bias or high certainty.
formal Risk Of Bias Tool Applied: false
jadad Score: Not recorded

masking Roles

Stratified computer school allocation; investigators/statistician masked, schools could infer condition.

harms And Attrition

Not systematically extracted beyond findings/limitations; absence of reporting is not evidence of no harm

source Access

scope: selected-methods
full Text Cached: true
methods Inspected: true
full Text Appraisal Claim: false
level: selected-methods
source URLs: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086808/ · https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301426 · https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11927416/ · https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11927416/fullTextXML · https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1136%2Fbmjment-2024-301426
retrieved At: 2026-11-02

jadad

status: unassessed
score: Not recorded

condition Evidence

id
anxiety
evidence
1. field
  findings
  text
  No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
  matched Text
  anxiety
scope
Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
id
depression
evidence
1. field
  title
  text
  Future Proofing Study: a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a universal school-based cognitive-behavioural programme for adolescent depression.
  matched Text
  depression
2. field
  findings
  text
  No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
  matched Text
  depression
scope
Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.
id
sleep
evidence
1. field
  findings
  text
  No depression difference at 12 months: −0.05 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.23); no secondary anxiety/distress/insomnia benefit. Completion 22%.
  matched Text
  insomnia
scope
Studied topic or reported outcome, including null findings; no diagnosis, benefit or subgroup membership is inferred.

conditions

anxiety · depression · sleep

topic Trust Scores

2 · 3

full Text

status: not-indexed
retrieval Available: false

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